payGMW16579 2012 中文翻译版

2021年1月24日发(作者：saira)
GM
WORLDWIDE
ENGINEERING




Material Specification
STANDARDS









材料规范











全球工程标准


GMW16579

Material and Process Testing Requirements for
Press Hardened Steel and Stamping Suppliers

热成形钢和热冲压零件供应商的材料和工艺要求


1 Scope
1
范围

This document describes the minimum process and internal testing requirements for producers of hot
stamped parts.
此文件描述热成形零件供应商的最低工艺和内部试验要求。


1.1 Material Description.
Hot stamping, or press hardening as it is also known, utilizes a steel of high
hardenability
such
as
22MnB5
that
is
heated
to
convert
the
microstructure
to
austenite
followed
by
stamping in a water cooled die to produce the proper part shape and to simultaneously quench the steel
to
create
a
martensite
rich
microstructure.
Parts
produced
to
this
specification
will
have
a
uniform
hardness
and
a
microstructure
consisting
of
essentially
100%
tempered
martensite
along
with
small
amounts of bainite.
1.1
材料描述。
热成形，也 称为压力硬化，即把具有良好淬硬性的热成形钢如
22MnB5
等加热使之奥氏体
化， 然后利用带有冷却系统的模具来冲压成形，使零件在获得所需形状的同时淬火，得到马氏体组织。按
照本 规范制造的零件具有统一的硬度，并应具有
100%
的回火马氏体，并伴有极少量的贝氏体组织 。

1.2 Symbols.
Not applicable.

1.2
标号。
不适用。


1.3 Typical Applications.
Typical parts covered by this specification are those that require extremely
high
strength
and
are
generally
critical
to
passenger
safety,
side
impact
and
provide
passenger
protection
in
the
case
of
vehicle
roll
over.
These
parts
are
found
throughout
the
body
structure
and
closures, with
typical applications
including
door beams, B Pillar reinforcements, floor reinforcements
and upper body roof rails.

1.3
典型 应用
。本规范所涉及的零件为具有极高强度要求的零件，一般为保护乘员安全、防侧撞以及在车
辆侧翻时保护乘客的关键零件。
这些零件广泛应用于白车身结构件和覆盖件，
典型的应用包括车 门防撞梁、
B
柱加强件、地板加强件和车顶横梁。



2 References



1
/
14

2
参考


Note:
Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.

注：
无特殊情况只可使用最新的标准


2.1 External Standards/Specifications.

2.1
外部标准
/
规范



AIAG CQI-9

ASTM E140

ASTME-8

2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.

2.2 GM
标准
/
规范


GMW3059

GMW14400

GMW3335

2.3 Additional References.

2.3
补充参考


●

Best
Practice

supplier
shall
work
with
the
GM
responsible
engineer
to
comprehend this requirement.

供应商应和通用的 责任工程师一起制定
BODYSTR-33
最合适的试样要求。

●

Statement of Requirements (SOR) Appendix N.
附录
N
要求声明（简称
SOR
）

●
TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet guidance documents (available at ).

TMC003
材料安全数据表格指导文件。


（参考链接

）


3 Requirements

3
要求


3.1 Requirements on Test Specimens.
Not applicable.

3.1
测试样件要求。
不适用。


3.2
Marking.
All
parts
shall
be
marked
as
shown
in
the
SOR
Appendix
N
and
the
Best
Practice
BODYSTR-33.
3.2
标记。
所有零件必须按
SOR
中附件
N
和
the Best Practice BODYSTR-33
标记。

3.3
General
Requirements.
All
sheet
parts
produced
to
this
specification
shall
be
manufactured
by
approved suppliers to GM and will be shown as being approved to GMW14400. Approved suppliers are
listed in the MATSPC system and can be provided by your GM Global Purchasing Supply Chain buyer.
A change in steel suppliers is considered a significant process change and the stamping supplier will be
required to update their Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) status before production begins.



2
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14

3.3
一般要求。
执行此规范的零件应由
GM
认可的通过
GMW14400
认证的供应商生产。被认可的供应商将
会显示在
MATSPC
系统中，并且被纳入
GM
全球采购供应链。如果更换材料供应商，将被视作明显的过程
变更，零件供应商在生产前，必须更新自己的
PPAP
状态。


3.3.1
GM must be notified prior to any steel supplier change. If a zinc based coating is specified (pure
zinc or a zinc alloy) the source that produces the stamping is required to test and re-qualify to a PPAP
level3.

The stamping supplier will consult with Product Engineering and Materials Engineering when evaluating
potential process and supplier changes.

3.3.1
零件供应商在更换原材料供应商时必须提前通知< br>GM
。
如果要使用镀锌板（纯锌或锌合金），零件供
应商需要进行测试并重新进 行
3
级
PPAP
认证。

在评估潜在的工艺和供应商变更时 ，零件供应商需要与
GM
的产品工程和材料工程部门进行协商。


3.3.2
Suppliers of hot stamped parts to GM are required to verify that incoming steels meet all specified
material requirements. This shall include, but not be limited to: steel thickness, mechanical properties
after
heat
treatment,
coating
weight
and
coating
type
(for
coated
products),
bend
test
(parallel
and
transverse to rolling direction) and any other requirements determined by GM and/or the released part
drawing/math data. The supplier is responsible to ensure that the steel, the heat treatment and stamping
process,
die
cooling,
post
form
trimming,
etc
are
capable
of
producing
parts
that
meet
all
specified
requirements.
3.3.2
GM
的热成形零件供应商要检查 所采购的原材料，确保符合所有的材料标准和要求。它们必须包括但
不局限于：材料厚度、热处理后的机 械性能、镀层重量和镀层类型（针对镀层产品）、弯曲试验（平行和
垂直于轧制方向）以及由
G M
指定的要求和（或者）发布的零件图纸（数据）。零件供应商有责任确保原
材料、热处理和冲 压成形过程、模具冷却、修边等都满足零件制造的所有特定要求。


3.4 Supplier Audits.
Suppliers shall develop a Heat Treatment Assessment Plan consistent with the
requirements of Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) standard CQI-9. General Motors shall perform
assessment audits to
ensure suppliers are in
conformance to
these
requirements. Completion
of the
CQI-9 audit is required before a hot stamper can be placed on the GM Approved Source List and supply
parts
to
General
Motors.
Failure
to
be
in
compliance
with
the
CQI-9
Audit
standards
shall
result
in
removal from the opportunity to bid on future business and may result in the loss of current business.
3.4 零件供应商审核。
零件供应商需制定一份与汽车工业行动集团（
AIAG
）的CQI-9
标准一致的热处理评
定计划。
GM
会进行评审来确保零件供应 商符合要求。
成功通过
CQI-9
标准审核后，
热成形零件供应商才会
被
GM
列入供应商名单并向
GM
提供零件。不符合
CQI-9评审标准的供应商将失去参与报价的机会并有可能
失去现有的业务。


3.5 Initial Part Verification Requirements.
Suppliers shall develop a verification plan for all parts they
are awarded. This verification plan is to be developed before parts are used on any vehicle builds unless
authorized
by
GM
and
the
releasing
engineer.
This
verification
plan
shall
include
control
of
initial
production until the process is determined to be in control by GM. Once the process is determined to be
in control, a process control plan must be developed to ensure lot to lot consistency of all parts supplied
to GM. Suppliers shall work with GM to determine the required testing frequency of each test, however, it
is not required that each test be performed on every lot of material sent to GM. This testing shall include,
at
a
minimum;
mechanical
properties,
hardness
(both
Rockwell
and
Vickers
microhardness
as
appropriate), part thickness profile, microstructure, coating thickness and thickness of coating alloys.


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3.5
零件初始验证要求。
零件供应商需要对所有产品制定验证计划。
验证 计划必须在零件进行装车前完成，
除非得到
GM
和发布工程师的授权。
一旦确 定过程可控，
就要制定一份过程控制计划来确保所有提供给
GM
的零件每个批次都保持 一致。零件供应商应和
GM
一起确定每次测试需要的测试频率，当然不需要对提供
的每 一批零件都进行测定。
此项检测至少包括：
机械性能、
硬度
（根据实际情况选 用洛氏硬度或维氏硬度）
，
零件厚度分布，金相组织，镀层厚度和镀层合金层厚度。


3.6 Supplier On-Site Testing Requirements.
Suppliers providing Press Hardened Steel (PHS) parts to
General
Motors
are
required
to
have
on-site
testing
capability
to
perform
part
evaluations
to
ensure
conformance
to specification
requirements and
to monitor quality of parts as they are produced. The
laboratory shall have operator(s) that have adequate training to perform such tests and operators shall
be available to perform testing consistent with their quality plans during all shifts where parts are being
produced. At a minimum, suppliers are required to be able to perform tests 3.6.1 thru 3.6.5.

3.6
零件供应商的现场测试要求。
为
GM提供热成形零件的供应商应具有现场检测能力，以确保零件合格
并能够进行质量监控。实验室操作人 员需经过进行这些检测项目的培训，并且可以及时地对各个生产班次
的零件进行与质量控制计划一致的检 测项目。零件供应商至少应当进行
3.6.1
至
3.6.5
的检测内容。

3.6.1 Microstructural Evaluation.
Suppliers shall have the proper equipment to section, mount, polish,
etch
and
microscopically
examine
samples
with
a
metallurgical
microscope
to
determine
the
phases
present in test samples.

3.6.1
金相 组织评估。
零件供应商需要具有合适的设备来进行切割、制样、抛光、腐蚀和显微镜观察来确
定 试样的金相组织成份。


3.6.2
Hardness
Testing.
Suppliers
shall
have
the
capability
to
perform
Rockwell
and
Vickers
microhardness hardness testing.

3.6.2
硬度测试。
零件供应商应当具备进行洛氏硬度和维氏硬度检测的能力。


3.6.3 Mechanical Properties.
Suppliers shall have the capability to perform mechanical property testing
with full-size and sub-size tensile bars following GMW3335 tensile testing requirements.

3.6.3
机械性能。
零件供应商应当具 备根据
GMW3335
拉伸试验标准进行全尺寸和小尺寸的机械性能测试
的能力。

3.6.4
Photomicrographs
Photomicrographs
of
microstructures
and
microhardness
across
sample
parts.

3.6.4
显微镜照相设备

样件金相组织显微照相和微硬度。


3.6.5 Coating and Surface
Thickness testing, including part thickness, coating thickness and thickness
of each alloy coating layer (coated parts), including the steel/coating interface layer. On uncoated steels ,
decarburization shall also be measured and reported.

3.6.5
镀层和表面

厚度测试，包括零件厚度、镀层厚度和每一合金层厚度（带镀层零件），包括板料
/
镀
层的中间层。无镀层钢的脱碳同样需要进行测试和记录。

3.7
Validation
Test
Requirements.
The
supplier
shall
perform
the
following
tests
on
production
representative
parts in order to
validate their process. The sampling
plan
and
number of parts to
be
tested will be established by Supplier Quality. The supplier shall keep samples from the bend test for
examination by GM.


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3.7
认证试验要求。
零件供应商需要提供生产中具有代表 性的零件通过以下测试来来验证工艺。供应商的
质保部门要制定取样和检测零件数量计划。供应商需保留 弯曲测试的试样供
GM
进行检查。

3.7.1 Part Thickness.
The supplier shall cut at least 6 samples from a part selected from a production
representative run and evaluate thickness in flat areas as well as in radii and any draw areas. No more
than 20% thinning is allowed in any area of the part unless approved by engineering.

3.7.1
零件厚度。
零件供应商应当选取一个具有生产代表性的零件，
从该零件上至少切
6
个样片，
评估平坦
区域、圆角区域、拉伸区域的 厚度。一般情况下，零件的任何部位的减薄率都不得超过
20%
，除非得到工
程部门的 批准。


3.7.2 Hardness.
Suppliers shall have thermal imaging capability in each hot stamping facility to map the
temperature of parts exiting the stamping die. Hardness shall be evaluated in the worst-case areas as
indicated by hot spots on the thermal image of parts at die opening. Six hardness test locations shall be
established during PPAP and documented in the supplier
’
s sample report and process control plans.

3.7.2
硬度。
供应商的每个热冲压 设备都应具有探测零件在模具内温度分布的热成像能力。对于不利情况
发生的区域应进行硬度测试，即热 成像仪显示的开模时温度较高的区域。
PPAP
时应确定六个需要进行硬
度测试的位置 并列入取样报告和工艺控制计划。

Examples of areas to be evaluated shall include flat areas, the draw walls and bent areas. All locations
shall
meet
the
property
requirements
as
shown
in
GMW14400,
Appendix
A.
“Indirect
and
Direct
Hot- Stamped/Die-
Quenched Product Mechanical Requirements” table. If the hardness is converted from
one scale to another, the conversions in ASTM E140 shall be used.
测量区域应包含平坦区域，拉伸侧壁区域和弯曲 区域。所有部位的硬度都应符合
GMW14400
附录
A
中“直
接和 间接热成型
/
模具调质处理后产品质量要求”
表的性能要求。
如果硬度值需要 转换，
需按照
ASTM E140
标准进行转换。

3.7.3 Mechanical Properties.
The mechanical properties of the part shall be evaluated by machined
tensile
bars
taken
from
flat
sections
of
the
part.
Note:
Due
to
the
high
strength
and
difficulties
in
machining post heat treated boron steels, the use of a water-jet cutting is recommended. Any metallic
pre-coatings such as aluminum-silicon (AS), zinc (HD), galvanneal (A) or zinc/nickel (EG N) shall be left
on the sample for testing and determination of thickness. In the case where part size and/or shape are
not conducive for the removal of conventional tensile bar sized samples, sub-size standard tensile bars
shall be used as described in ASTM E-8.

3.7.3
机械性能。
从零件的平坦区域取出试样，
加工成标准试样的形状，
进行机械性能的检测。
注意事项：
由于热处理后硼钢的强度很高，给试样的加工带来难度，所以推荐使用水射流切割。任何金属 预镀层例如
硅铝（
AS
）、锌（
HD
）、锌合金化（
A）或者锌
/
镍（
EG N
）应保留在样件上进行厚度检测。如果零件尺< br>寸和（或）形状无法切割成常规尺寸的拉伸试样，可以根据
ASTM E-8
标准使用小尺寸标准拉伸试样。


3.7.4 Coating Thickness.
The coating thickness shall be evaluated in the same or similar areas used to
measure
hardness
with
samples
cut
perpendicular
to
the
panel
surface.
Conventionally
mounted
samples shall be used to evaluate the cross sectional thickness of coated parts before and after heat
treatment. This analysis shall include measurement of the total thickness of the coating as well as of the
transition layer between the coating and the steel. Optical photos of the coating and the transition layer
shall be taken at 500x and 1000x and any other magnification that properly shows the coating and the
alloy layers. The magnification and a reference line shall be included on all photos to enable thickness
estimation at a later date. When using a metallurgical microscope, standard mounting practices shall be


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used and thickness shall be measured at 500x magnification. If parts are mechanically cleaned or media
blasted to remove the oxide coating, coating thickness shall be measured after the blasting operation.

3.7.4
镀层厚度。
在检测硬度的区域或附近测量镀层厚度。应当使用常规制备的 试样检测热处理前后零件
截面的镀层厚度。测试应当包括镀层厚度和过渡层厚度。应在放大
50 0
倍和
1000
倍或者其它能够清晰显示
镀层与合金层的放大倍率下拍摄镀层 和过渡层的光学照片。放大倍率和参考线应标示在照片上，以便日后
能够进行厚度估算。使用金相显微镜 时，应使用标准的制样方法，厚度应在
500
倍的放大倍率上测量。如
果零件需要打磨 或者抛丸去除氧化皮，则应测量抛丸后的镀层厚度。


3.7.5
Bend
Test
for
Base
Metal
Cracking.
Bend
testing
is
required
for
steel
supplier
qualification.
Testing
shall
be
performed
according
GMW14400.
PHS
stampers
may
also
use
this
test
to
ensure
quality of their steel supply source and part performance.

3.7.5
金属基材开裂弯曲试验。
对于原材料供应商的资格认证，
需要进 行弯曲试验。
测试应根据
GMW14400
标准进行。热成形零件供应商也可以使用这 个试验来确保其原材料的质量和零件的性能。


3.7.6 Coating Analysis.
Suppliers shall verify, through microscopic evaluation, that the manufacturing
process is capable of producing parts that are free of surface discontinuities in the coating and surface of
the
steel
that
could
negatively
affect
part
performance
such
as,
but
not
limited
to
;
liquid
metal
embrittlement
(LME),
coating
cracks
loss
of
coating
adhesion,
etc.
An
example
of
LME
is
shown
in
Appendix A, Figure A1.

3.7.6
镀层分析。
供应商应通过显微镜分析 ，核实其制造过程能够保证生产的零件表面镀层连续且不出现
下列负面影响：液态金属脆化（
L ME
）、镀层裂纹、镀层剥落等。液态金属脆化如附录
A
中图
A1
所 示。


3.8 Sample Report.
The supplier shall compile the information gathered from testing paragraphs 3.7.1
thru
3.7.7
for
review
by
the
GM
Global
Supply
Chain(GPSC)
Supplier
Quality.
The
report
shall
be
compiled following the same order of testing detailed in this section. Each page shall be numbered and
the title of each page shall use the appropriate paragraph number and heading used in paragraphs 3.7.1
thru
3.7.7.
The
report
shall
include
tables
that
summarize
the
compiled
data
and
any
appropriate
photomicrographs of the microstructure, coating thickness and the bend test results and is considered a
requirement for the part PPAP documentation.
3.8
样件报告。

供应商应汇总从3.7.1
到
3.7.7
的试验数据，供
GM
全球采购和供应链 的质量部门审查。根
据本章节的顺序，编制试验报告。每一页应编号，每一页的标题应使用适当的段落编 号，标题使用
3.7.1
到
3.7.7
。报告应包含数据汇总表格、相关的显 微镜照片、镀层厚度测试和弯曲试验结果，并可考虑将其作
为
PPAP
文件的一部分。



4 Manufacturing Process

4
制造工艺


4.1 Heat Treatment/Ovens.
Suppliers shall develop control plans for the maintenance of proper oven
temperature, part soak times and furnace dew point as required to meet the quality needs of the material
and
part
being
processed.
For
uncoated
materials,
the
furnace
atmosphere
may
need
regulation
to
minimize
oxide
formation.
Transfer
time
from
furnace
to
die
shall
be
consistent
with
manufacturer’s
guidelines and established process control plans such that all specification and part requirements are
met.



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4.1
热处理
/
加热炉。
供 应商应制定控制计划，以保持合理的加热炉温度、零件加热时间、加热炉露点，以
满足材料和零件的工艺 质量要求。
对于无镀层材料，
需要调节加热炉保护气体来尽可能减少氧化物的生成。
从 加热炉到模具的传输时间应与制造商的指导书以及工艺控制计划一致，以保证满足所有的规范和零件要
求 。


4.1.1
Manufacturers shall measure and record the temperature of parts prior to die closing and upon die
opening with “on
-
line” infrared gauges or preferably, thermal imaging equipment. The process shall be
run
within
pre-established
temperature
ranges.
Parts
produced
during
periods
outside
of
established
control
requirements
shall
be
either
discarded
or
quarantined
until
they
can
be
evaluated
to
ensure
conformance to all requirements of GMW14400

4.1.1
制造 商应在合模前和开模后使用在线红外测量仪（热成像仪更佳）测量和记录零件温度。冲压过程
应在预先制 定的温度范围内进行，温度范围以外生产的零件必须报废，或者隔离并进行评估以保证符合
GMW144 00
的所有要求。


4.1.2
For coated steels, the ovens shall be operated such that the total coating weight and thickness of
alloy layer(s) in the finished part are within specification requirements as shown in GMW14400 and any
requirements on the engineering drawing/math release

4.1.2
对于镀层钢材，加热炉 应当操作合理，以使最终零件的镀层重量和合金层厚度符合
GMW14400
标准
及工 程图
/
数模的要求。


4.1.3
The supplier shall develop control plans for minimum and maximum times that parts can remain in
the oven and provide proof that their process will guarantee that any excursions from these requirements
are identified, corrected and that those parts will be disposed of and prevented from entering the supply
stream.

4.1.3
供应商应制定控制计划，确保零件在炉内加热的时间满足控制计划范围，任何不满 足控制计划要求
的零件应及时发现并纠正。有问题的零件必须报废，确保不流入供应物流。


4.1.4
As is appropriate for the
material and
coating
being
processed, suppliers shall maintain
proper
controls of furnace atmosphere and soak times such that surface oxides are minimized and the base
metal is not rendered sensitive to post process cracking or environmental cracking during its service life.
Suppliers shall maintain their processes such that cracks within the coating are minimized. Break-offs or
burn-offs of the coating caused by the stamping
process are not allowed. Cracks within
the
coatings
must be minimized by the supplier as much as possible. If cracks occur in zinc based coatings, crack
width
shall
be
less
than
the
coating
thickness
and
shall
not
affect
corrosion
protection.
Examples
of
these coating defects are shown in Figures A2 thru A4 in Appendix A.

4.1.4
对于进行冲压生产 的镀层材料，供应商应当保持合适的保护气氛和加热时间，尽可能减小表面氧化
物生成、基体材料在使用 周期内不容易开裂。供应商应对热成形工艺进行控制，最大程度地减少镀层开裂
的风险。在冲压过程中镀 层剥落或灼伤都是不允许的。如果锌基镀层发生裂纹，裂纹宽度应小于镀层厚度
且不得影响防腐蚀性能。 镀层缺陷的实例见附录
A
中图
2
到图
4
。


4.2 Hot Stamping.
The hot stamper shall be responsible to either develop their own dies or to work with
reputable, experienced and established die sources to produce dies that have sufficient cooling capacity
to produce parts with the required microstructure, hardness, coating thickness, mechanical properties
and part performance as required by GM.

4.2 < br>热冲压。
热成形零件供应商可以自己开发模具，或者与有经验的模具供应商合作，制造具有足够的 冷


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