wu直接引语和间接引语的相互转换

2021年1月24日发(作者：hidi)
直接引语和间接引语的相互转换

引述或转述别人的话称为
“
引语< br>”
。
直接引用别人的原话，
两边用引号
“ ”
标出，
叫做直接引语；
用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，
实际上间接引语大都 是宾语从
句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语
和地点状 语等都要有变化，如何变化呢
?






1
、人称的转变







1
）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：







He said
，
“I am very sorry.” ——
>He said that he was very sorry.






2
）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：







“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——
>






My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.






3
）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：







She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——
>






She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.






4
）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：







He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to
meet a friend of mine this
afternoon?” ——
>






He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that
afternoon.






总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。







2
、时态的转换







直接引语改为间接引语时，
主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，
从句
（即间接引语部分）
的谓语动词在时态方面要作 相应的变化，
变成过去时范畴的各种时态
（实际也是宾语从句的
时态要求），变化如下 ：







直接引语

间接引语







一般现在时

一般过去时







一般过去时

过去完成时







现在进行时

过去进行时






现在完成时

过去完成时







过去完成时

过去完成时







过去进行时

过去进行时







一般将来时

过去将来时







例如：







“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——
>






She said she was very glad to visit our school.






Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——
>






Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.






Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ——
>






Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.






He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——
>






He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.






“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. ——
>

10
楼






The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.






Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?”
——
>






Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.






Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” ——
>






Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.






He said
，
“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” ——
>






He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.






3
、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况







1
）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：







He always says, “I am tired out.” ——
>He always says that he is tired out.






2
）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：







He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.” ——
>He will say that he will try his best to
help me.






3
）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：







He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——
>He told us that he went to college in 1994.






4
）当直接引语中有以
when, while
引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：







He said
，
“When I was a child, I usually played

football after school.” ——
>






He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.






5
）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：







Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——
>






Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.






6
）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：







He said
，
“Practice makes perfect.” ——
>He said that practice makes perfect.






7
）当直接引语中有情态动词
should, would, could, had better, would rather, might,
must, ought to, used to, need
时，如：






例如：







The doctor said,
“You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——
>






The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.






He said, “She must be a teacher.”——
> He said that she must be a teacher.






He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”——
>






He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.






The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”——
>






The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.






She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”——
> She asked if she had to take the
medicine.






〔注〕：此处用
had to
代替
must
更好