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高中英语学习材料
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鼎尚图文理制作
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直接引语和间接引语
不同句式的间接引语
引述某人的话一般采用两种形式:一种是直接引语
(
Direct Speech)
,
即原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内;另一种是间接引语
(
In direct Speech
)
,
即用自己的话加以转述,
被转述的内容不放 在引
号内。
直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数情况下都构成< br>一个
that
引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是
say, tell
等。主句
中如果有
say to sb.,
通常变为
tell sb.
与此同时,间接引语中
的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
The foreigner said to me,
“
I like Beijing very much
”
.
那老外告诉我:我很喜欢北京。
→
The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much.
那老外告诉我说他(她)很喜欢北京。
She said,
“
We are very fond of sports
”
.
她说:我们都喜欢体育运动。
→
She said that they were very fond of sports.
她说他(她)们都喜欢体运动。
“
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again
”
, he said.
他说:我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→
He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again.
他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。
(
that
可省略)
一
般
疑
问
句
和
反
意
疑
问
句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词
if
或
whether
,其主句动词常用
ask,
wonder,
want
to
know, didn't know
等。句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me,
“
Do you like American country music
”
我老师问我:你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗?
→
My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country
music.
我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
“
You haven't been to Beijing, have you?
”
asked he.
他问:你没去过北,是吗?
→
He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing.
他问我是否去过北京。
定义
直
接
引
语
变
间
接
引
语
直
接
引
语
为
陈
述
句
直
接
引
语
为
疑
问
句
否
定
一
般
疑
问
句
和
选
择
问
句
如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时,用
连接。
She said, Don't you know my telephone number
她说:你难
道不知道我的电话号码吗?
→
She
asked
me
whether
I
knew
her
telephone
number
or
not.
她问我是知道她的电话号码。
Do you like this one or that one Tom asked.
汤姆问:你是喜
欢这个还是那个?
→
Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one.
汤姆
问我是喜欢这个还是那个。
特
殊
疑
问
句
间接引语为特殊疑问句时 ,间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问
词作为连词引导宾语从句,注意从句必须用陈述语序,主
句谓语动 词常用
ask
。
He asked,
“
How do you like it?
”
.
他问:你觉得怎样?
→
He asked me how I liked it.
他问我觉得它怎样。
She asked me,
“
What's the matter with you?
”
她问我:你怎么啦?
→
She asked me what was the matter with me.
她问我我怎么啦。
英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问,而是表示 请求、劝告、
建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时,往往采用其他的形
式。
①.
suggest doing
“
Shall we all go to the film tonight
“
, said Michael.
迈克尔说:我们今晚都去看电影,好吗?
→
Michael suggested going to the film tonight.
迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。
“
What about having a drink?
”
he asked.
他问:喝杯怎么样?
He suggested having a drink.
他建议喝一杯。
其
②.
advise sb to do
它
“
Why don't you go hiking
”
, asked James.
詹姆士问:你为什么不徒步旅行?
James advised me to go hiking.
詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。
③
. offer to do
He said,
“
Would you like me to post the letter?
”
他说:你要我寄信吗?
He offered to post the letter.
他主动提出寄信。
④.
ask sb to do
“
Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow?
”
,
she said to me.
她对我说:劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗?
→
She asked me to take my reference book there the next day.
她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。
1
.
直接引语为祈使 句时,
间接引语往往用复合宾来表示,
其结构为主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语
(动词不定式)
。
引
述动词可根据口气 选用
tell, ask, order, command, request
等词,句中
please
去掉。
She said to me,
“
Please have a res
”
t.
她对我说:请休息一下。
→
She asked me to have a rest.
她要求我休息一下。
“
Don't all answer at once
”
, she said to the pupils.
她对学生说:大家不要齐声回答。
→
She told the pupils not to answer all at once.
她叫学生不要齐声回答。
2
.
带有
let的祈使句
(表示请求,
建议或命令)
,
可用
suggest
+ -ing
形式或
suggest +that
从句来表示其相应的意思。
“
Let's go for a walk
”
, said the girl.
那姑娘说,让我们去散散步吧。
→
The girl suggested going for a walk.
这女孩建议去散散步。
The teacher said,
“
Let Lily tidy the classroom
”
.
老师说:让莉莉整理教室。
→
The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the
classroom.
老师建议让莉莉整理教室。
1
.直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时,多采用 宾语从句
结构,既可用
what
或
how
引导,也可用
th at
引导。
“
What a clever boy you are!
”
, my teacher said to him.
老师对他说,你是个聪明的孩子啊!
→
My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.
老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。
He said,
“
How well you look!
”
.
他说:你看起来气色多好啊!
→
He said how well I looked.
他说我看起来是气色多好啊。
2
.有些感叹句可以根据原句的意 思,采用适当的动词变
为陈述句,不需用间接宾语来转述。
“
Help!
”
, he cried.
他喊到:救命啊!
→
He called for help.
他大声呼救。
“
What terrible weather it is!
”
, he said.
他说:多么糟糕的天气!
→
He complained about the terrible weather.
他抱怨这糟糕的天气。
“
Happy Christmas!
”
, he said.
他说:圣诞快乐!
He wished me a happy Christmas.
他祝我圣诞快乐。
直
接
引
语
为
祈
使
句
直
接
引
语
为
感
叹
句
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