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区分一般过去时和现在完成时
一.相同点:
1.
这两中时态中的动作都发生在过去
2.
倘若这个动词的过去时是加
ed
构成,那么这个动词的过去分词和过去时相同
例如:
I cleaned(
过去时
) the room yesterday.
I have already cleaned
(过去分词)
the room.
二.不同点
1.
一般过去时表示过去某个 时间发生的事、
存在的状态或经常发生的动作
,
说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去
的事情
,
与现在没有关系。如果你只是要陈述你做了什么,陈述的东西和目前状况没有太大影 响,就用一般
过去时;
现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作
,
到 现在为止这个动作可能结束也可能继续下去。
它不与表示过去的时间状语连用
.
例如:
(1.) I washed the plate.
“我洗盘子了”
(那么洗盘子这个话题基本到此打住,基本没有下文)
(1.) I have washed the plate.
“我已经洗好盘子了。
”
(强调做过,完成了。还有可能意思是,既然我已 经
洗好盘子了,我就该干什么什么了,或者你就应该履行什么承诺之类的。
)
(2.)I saw the film yesterday.
强调看电影的时间是昨天。
(2.) I have seen the flim.
我已经看过这部电影了(我现在知道电影的内容
/
我不想在看这电影了,我们选其
他的吧。
)
(3.) I taught here for eight years
我在这教过八年书(只陈述过去的事实,现在可能不在这教书了)
(3.) I have taught here for eight years
我在这教书八年了(现在还在教,还可能继续教下去)
(4.) I leanrt English for six years
我学过六年英语(以前学过,现在可能不学了)
(4.) I have learnt English for six years
我学英语已经学了六年了(现在还在学,可能还要学下去)
2.
常连用的时间状语不同
(
1
)常与一般过去时连用的时间状语
yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening)
:昨天(早上,下午,晚上)
the day before yesterday
前天
last+
时间名词:上一个
…
如:
last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century
世纪)
时间段
+ ago
:在
…
之前
如:
three days ago:
三天前
a moment ago
刚才
this morning/afternoon
今天早上
/
今天下午
when+
过去时的句子:当
…
的时候
when I got up
just now
刚刚
before
以前
或
before+
时间点
at the age of 10
(过去年龄段)
:在
10
岁的时候
in the old days
在古时候
at that time/ moment
在那时候
(
2
)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
for +
时间段
:
持续了一段时间
I have lived here for 8 years.
He has done his homework for two hours.
since +
过去时间点
/
过去时句子:自从…开始
since +
时间段
+ ago
:自从…开始
I have lived here since 2008
He has done his homework since 8:00 p.m.
/
He has done his homework since two hours ago.
just
:刚刚
I have just called you
ever:
曾今、
从来
Have you even been to Beijing?
Has he ever made such a mistake?
never:
从未
从来没有
I have never been there before.
already
已经
I have already finished my homework.
yet:
还(否定句)已经(疑问句)
I haven
’
t finished my homework yet.
Have you finshed your homework yet
?
before:
以前
Have you eaten seafood before?
I haven
’
t seen him before.
so far
到目前为止
I have finished 50% of the work.
In the past +
时间段
In the past 20 years, China has develped rapidly.
副词
含义
常用句型
常见位置
Just
刚刚
陈述
/
疑问句
谓语动词前
Ever
曾今
从来
Never
从不
Already
已经
肯定句
Yet
Before
否定句:还
以前
疑问句:
已经
否定句
疑问句
多种句型
句末
多用于疑问句
否定句
也用于肯定
/
否定句
谓语动词前
谓语动词前
谓语动词前
句末
句末
用
just
ever
never
already
yet
before
填空
他刚从学校回来
He has __ come back from school
你以前去过广州吗?
Have you been to Guangzhou __?
我以前从没去过广州。
I have ___ been to Guangzhou ___.
我从未吃过披萨
I have ___eaten pizza
我已经看过这电影了
I have____ seen the film / I have seen the film ___
你(曾今)坐过飞机吗?
Have you ___taken a plane?
你
(
已经
)
吃过晚饭了吗?
Have you had your dinner____?
我还没吃晚饭
I haven
’
t had the dinner ____.
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