about是什么意思最新自考《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

2021年1月20日发(作者：说英语)
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自考《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料


Lesson One China in the Market Place



一、术语：




manufactured goods
制成品




capital equipment
资本货物




balance of payments
国际收支




current account
经常项目




visible trade account
有形贸易项目




invisible trade account
无形贸易项目




trade surplus
贸易顺差




trade deficit
贸易逆差




barter
易货贸易




compensation trade
补偿贸易




counter-trade
反向贸易




assembly manufacturing
组装生产




industrial and commercial consolidated tax
工商统一税




joint venture
合资企业




deferred payment
延期付款




buyer credit
买方信贷




supplier credit
卖方信贷




soft loan
软贷款

（低息贷款）




MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment
最惠国待遇




PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations
永久性正常贸易关系




NI: National Income
国民收入




GNP: Gross National Product
国民生产总值




GDP: Gross Domestic Product
国内生产总值




IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
国际复兴和开发银行




IDA: International Development Association
国际开发协会




IFC: International Finance Corporation
国际金融公司




OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
经济合作和发展组织




BIS: Bank for International Settlement
国际清算银行




EEC: European Economic Community
欧洲经济共同体




EU: European Union
欧洲联盟




FDI: Foreign Direct Investment
外商直接投资




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二、词语释义：




exacerbate: deteriorate
恶化




disrupt: interrupt
中断




in the wake of: following
继┉之后




breakdown: analysis by classification
分类分析




buoyant: brisk
上扬的，增产的




run-down: reduction



mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions



insofar as: to the extent
在┉范围之内




bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress



三、句子翻译：




Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has
caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.



官方认为，外国技术 可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了
1978
年中国的进口增加了
50%以
上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。




The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China
introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising
substantial
sums
of
money
on
the
international
capital
markets.
…
The
authorities
do
not
consider
it
appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy,
such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints
许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心：通过外国直接投资 和优惠付款方式引进国
外技术，而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。……在经济中的许多 实际障碍―如运输
能力不足和能源缺乏―被克服之前，中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。< br>




《外刊经贸知识选读》的串讲资料（二）！！！





Lesson two The Curtain Goes up




一、术语：




The special Economic Zone
经济特区




a well-placed source
一位高层消息灵通人士




infrastructure
基础设施




capital stock
实际资本




consumer goods
消费品




preferential tax rate
优惠税率




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cooperative enterprise
合作（经营）企业




ETDZ
（

Economic &Technical Development Zone
）经济技术开发区




entrepreneurship
企业家精神




means of production
生产资料




stock-taking
评估




二、词语释义：




in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually
逐渐的




showpiece: a prime or outstanding example
典范




pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized
白日梦




from scratch: from the very beginning
从零开始，从最初开始




grassroots: basic level
基层




the dust settles: the confusion ends
尘埃落定




in the driver



三、句子翻译：




In
the
SEZs,
which
are
being
built
almost
from
scratch,
foreigners
can
invest
in
anything
which
the
state
deems
useful
for
the
country,
be
it,
for
example,
production
of
goods
for
export
or
construction
of
private-housing estates.




在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区，只要 中国政府认为对国家有益，外国人可对任何项目进行投资，例
如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发 。





So,
while
comprehensive
framework
for
the
country
modernization
has
been
provided
by
the
central
committee
settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way.




因此，虽然中央委员会
1984
年
10
月
21
日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现 代化提供了一个综合的
框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要 一段时间。





Lesson Three Beijing Rising



一、术语：




economic heavyweight
举足轻重的经济强国




commercial hub
商业活动中心




Per capita
人均




Gross National Product
国民生产总值




punitive import tariff
惩罚性进口关税




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securities
有价证券




real estate market
房地产市场




“

Greater China
”
trade bloc
“大中华”贸易集团




conglomerate
跨行业公司




consortium
国际财团




二、词语释义：




jockey: move



is bustling with: is filled with



giddy: dizzy; euphoric



farfetched: improbable; incredible



clear: earn a net profit
deal a hard blow to: strike heavily



rung: level



retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal



career out of control: run out of control



三、句子翻译：




With
the
U.S.
Congress
due
to
consider
the
renewal
of
China
most-favored
nation
trade
status
in
June,
officials
in
Beijing
fear
the
trade
imbalance
could
surpass
human
rights
as
a
source
of
U.S.
opposition
to
preferred status for China. Beijing has cut this year
keep the economy from careering out of control just as it was cut back in 1989 and 1990 when it overheated.



Lesson four The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective



一、术语：




centrally-planned economy
中央计划经济






market economy
市场经济




disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies
反通货膨胀政策






deflation
通货紧缩




short-term dollar interest rates
短期美元利率






commodity market
商品市场




nominal (dollar) terms
名义（美元）价




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constant (dollar) terms
不变（美元）价




business cycle
商业周期






weighted average
加权平均数




hard currencies
硬通货






fiscal adjustment
财政调整




portfolio investment
有价证券投资






market diversification
市场多元化




tight credit policy
紧缩的信贷政策






exchange-rate devaluation
汇率贬值




accommodative monetary policy
融通性货币政策






yield curve
收益曲线




per capita GDP
人均国内生产总值




GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
关贸总协定




EMS: European Monetary System
欧洲货币体系




GDP deflator
消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（

GDP
平减指数）




CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
经互会




LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate
伦敦同业银行优惠利率




二、词语释义：




in a row: in succession





easing: slowing down; decrease



momentum: force of movement



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underlying: being at the basis of



slackening: slowing of speed





compound: worsen



moderate inflation: ease inflation





robust: strong and healthy



setbacks: frustrations





slump: depression



edge down: move slowly down





depreciation: devaluation



spike: abrupt increase





pick-up: recovery



rein in: control





bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again
（

止跌回升）




三、句子翻译：




Although the weakness
in demand in
the United States led to
a sharp decline in
short-term dollar interest
rates
—
a positive development for many developing countries
—
it also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent
in
nonoil
commodity
prices
and
to
a
slackening,
to
3
percent,
in
the
growth
of
world
trade.
Increasingly
buoyant
intraregional
trade
in
East
Asia
may
be
viewed
as
evidence
of
an
ongoing
process
of
“market
-
oriented”
regional
integration,
a
development
that
could
partially

offset
lackluster
progress
in
the
area of multilateral trade agreements.

Lesson Five U.S. is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen



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一、术语：




trade representative
贸易谈判代表






government procurement
政府采购




NAFTA
（

North America Free Trade Agreements
）北美自由贸易协定




trade sanctions
贸易制裁






trade hawks
贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物




二、词语释义：




tough: uncompromising
（不妥协的，强硬的）






discrimination: unfair treatment



sanctions: penalty





escalate: develop; intensify



frictions: conflicts





procurement: purchase



be bullied into doing: be forced to do





is awake to: is conscious of



amenable to: responsive to





a ragged start: a poor start



三、句子翻译：




Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full- fledged trade
war
that
would
shock
the
world
fragile
economies.
Thus,
the
administration
will
not
be
deterred
by
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complaints that it has moved to “protectionism.” In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following
the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last
year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small
gains for U.S. companies.




《外刊经贸知识选读》的串讲资料（三）！！！





Lesson four The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective



一、术语：




centrally-planned economy
中央计划经济




market economy
市场经济




disinflationary (anti- inflationary) policies
反通货膨胀政策




deflation
通货紧缩




short-term dollar interest rates
短期美元利率




commodity market
商品市场




nominal (dollar) terms
名义（美元）价






constant (dollar) terms
不变（美元）价




business cycle
商业周期




weighted average
加权平均数




hard currencies
硬通货




fiscal adjustment
财政调整




portfolio investment
有价证券投资




market diversification
市场多元化




tight credit policy
紧缩的信贷政策




exchange-rate devaluation
汇率贬值




accommodative monetary policy
融通性货币政策




yield curve
收益曲线




per capita GDP
人均国内生产总值




GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
关贸总协定




EMS: European Monetary System
欧洲货币体系




GDP deflator
消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数（

GDP
平减指数）




CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
经互会




LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate
伦敦同业银行优惠利率




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