对话框英文给水排水中英文对照外文翻译文献

2021年1月20日发(作者：黄淮地区)



中英文对照外文翻译文献


(
文档含英文原文和中文翻译
)

原文：


Optimum
combination
of
water
drainage,water
supply
and
eco- environment
protection in coal-accumulated basin of North
China

Abstract

The
conflict
among
water
drainage,water
supply
and
eco- environment
protection is getting more and more serious due to the irrational drainage and exploitation
of ground water resources in coal-accumulated basins of North ent solutions to
the
conflict
are
tomaintain
long-term
dynamic
balance
between
input
and
output
of
the
1


ground water basins,and to try to improve resourcification of the mine solutions
must
guarantee
the
eco-environment

paper
presents
a
new
idea
of
optimum
combination of water drainage
，
water supply and eco-environment protection so as to solve
theproblem
of
unstable
mine
water
supply,which
is
caused
by
the
changeable
water
drainage for the whole combination the management of hydraulic techniques
and
constraints
in
economy,society,ecology,environment,insustuial
structural
adjustments
and
sustainable
developments
have
been
taken
into

the
traditional
and
separate
management
of
different
departments
of
water
drainage,water
supply
and
eco- environment
protection
is
broken
up
these
departments
work
together
to
avoid
repeated
geological
survey
and
specific
evaluation
calculations
so
that
large
amount
of
national
investment
can
be
saved
and
precise
calculation
for
the
whole
system
can
be
the light
of the conflict
of water drainage,water supply and eco-environment
protection in a typical sector in Jiaozuo coal mine,a case study puts forward an optimum
combination
scheme,in
which
a
maximum
economic
benefit
objective
is
constrained
by
multiple

scheme
provides
a
very
important
scientific
base
for
finding
a
sustainable development strategy.

Keywords


combination system of water drainage,water supply and eco-environment
protection,optimal combination,resourcification of mine water.

1

Analyses of necessity for the combination





There
are
three
related
problems
in
the

is
well
known
that
the
major
mine-hydrogeological
characteristics
of
the
coal
accumulated
basin
in
North
China
display
a
stereo
water- filling
structure,which
is
formed
by
multi-layer
aquifers
connected
hydraulically
together
with
various
kinds
of
inner
or
outer

water
hazards
have
seriously
restricted
the
healthy
development of coal industry in China because of more water-filling sources and stronger water- filling
capacity
in
coal
mines
of
the

reserves
in
the
basin
are
threatened by
the
water

Fengfeng,Xingtai,Jiaozuo,Zibao,Huaibei
and
Huainan
coal
mine
districts,for
example,it
is
estimated
2


that coal reserves are threatened by the water hazards up to 52
％
,71.
％
40,
％
,60
％
,48
％
and 90
％
of total
prospecting reserves is obvious that un-mining phenomenon caused by the water hazards
is
-bursting
accidents
under
coal
layers
have
seriously
influenced
safe

statistical
data
show
that
there
were
17
water-bursting
accidents
with
over
1
m
3
/s
inflow
from

drainage
is
an
increasing
burden
on
coal
mines
threatened
by
water
hazards:high
cost
of
water drainage raises coal prices and reduces profits of the the other hand,it is more and
more difficult to meet the demand of water supply in coal mine districts in the reasons are not
only
arid
and
semi-arid
weather
conditions,but
also
a
large
amount
of
water
drainage
with
deep
drawdown in coal mines and irrational water exploitation.
The
deterioration
of
eco-environment
is
another
ena
of
land
surface
karst
collapse
can
be

famous
karst
springs,which
are
discharge
points
for
the
whole
karst
groundwater syatem,stop flowing or their discharge rates decrease on a large cremophytes
in large areas in west China die because of falling groundwater level.
These three problems are related and order to solve the problems while ensuring
safe
mining,meeting
water
resource
demands
and
slowing
down
the
pace
of
eco-environment
deterioration,it
is
necessary
to
study
the
optimum
combination
of
water
drainage,water
supply
and
eco-environment protection in the basin.
2

The state of the art of research and the problems
Although research into the combination of water drainage and water supply started much earlier in
some countries,their conception is simple and some shortcomings remain in their study on the theory
and pattern of combination.
China’s research history on the combination can be divided into three first stage is
the
utilization of mine water.A century ago mine water started to be used as water supply for the
utilization
scale
and
efficiency
were
quite
limited
at
that

second
stage
is
a
comprehensive
one:mine water was used while water hazards were progress was made both in theory
and practice of the example,the combination of water drainage and water supply not
only
means
the
utilization
of
mine
water,but
also
means
that
it
is
a
technique
of
preventing
water

is
unfortunate,however,that
the
combination
research
in
this
stage
offered
less
sense
of
3


eco-environment
m
combination
management
of
water
drainage,water
supply
and
eco- environment
protection
is
the
third

features
in
this
stage
are
to
widen
traditional
research,and
to
establish
an
economic-hydraulic
management
model,in
which
safe
mining,eco-environment
protection
and
sustainable
development
demands,
simultaneously
considered as constraint conditions.
3

Trinity system
The
trinity
system
combines
water
drainage,water
supply
and
eco-environment
quality

water-collecting
structures
of
the
system
consist
of
land
surface
pumping
wells
in
the
mines,shallow
land
surface
well
in
groundwater
recharge
areas
and
artificial
relief
wells
under
the

integration
and
coordination
for
the
trinity
system
are
distinguished
according
to
the
combination.




The integration for the system means to utilize drainage water under the mines and pump water
onto the land surface as water supply for different purposes without harming the eco- environmental

coal
mines
are
not
only
drainage
sites,but
also
water
supply

purpose
of
drilling
pumping
wells
on
the
land
surface
is
to
eliminate
special
influences
on
different
consumers,which are caused by terminating drainage processes under the mines due to unexpected
accidents in mining.


The
coordination
for
the
system
means
to
bulid
some
water
supply
sources
for
different
consumers
while
ensuring
eco-environmental
quality
in
groundwater
recharge
positions,where
pumping
groundwater
is
quite
effective
on
lowering
groundwater
heads
in
the
mine

4


intercepts
in
advance
the
recharging
groundwater
flow
towards
the
mines,which
may
not
only
provide consumers with good quality groundwater,achieve the goal of dropping down groundwater
heads in the mines,but also effectively reduce the high costs of drainage and water treatment,which
are needed by traditional dewatering measures with large drainage flow rates under the
coordination
changes
the
traditional
passive
pattern
of
preventing
and
controlling
groundwater
hazards under the mines into that of active surface very developed karst flow belts
and
accumulated
groundwater
recharge
ones
under
the
ground
are
relatively
ideal
interceptive
coordination positions in the system.


For the integration of the trinity system,artificial relief wells under the mines and the land surface
pumping wells mainly penetrate into direct thin bedded karst aquifers interbedded with the mining
coal layers,while for the coordination of the system,the shallow land surface wells mainly penetrate
into
very
thick
karst
ore,hydrogeological
conceptual
model
for
the
system
involves
the
multi-layer
aquifers
connected
hydraulically
by
different
inner
g
up
stereo
hydrogeological
conceptual
models
and
corresponding
mathematical
models
is
a
prerequisite
for
solving the managemental problems for the system.



Management of the trinity system not only considers the effects of lowering groundwater heads
and safe operation for water drainage subsystem,but also pays attention to the water demands for
water supply subsystem and quality changes for eco-environment protection play
the same important role in the whole combination controls the groundwater heads in each
aquifer to satisfy the conditions of safe mining with certain water head pressures in the mines,and to
guarantee
a
certain
amount
of
water
supply
for
the
mines
and
near
areas,but
the
maximum
drawdown of groundwater must not be ex ceded,which may result in lowering eco-environmental
quality.
4

Economic-hydraulic management model



In the trinity system management,groundwater resources in the mines and nearby areas,which
are assessed on the premise of eco-environment qualities and safe operation in the mines,may be
provided
as
water
supply
prices,drainage
costs,transportation
costs(including
pipeline
and
purchasing
the
land
costs)and
groundwater
quality
treatment
costs
for
the
three
different
water
5


consumers,the optimum management models may automatically allocate to each consumer a certain
amount of groundwater resources and a concrete water supply scenario based on comparisons of
each
consumer’s
economic
contribution
to
the

whole
system
in
objective
ore
the
management
studies
on
the
optimal
combination
among
water
drainage,water
supply
and
eco- environment protection involve both the management of groundwater hydraulic techniques and
the
economic
evaluations,eco-environment
quality
protection
and
industrial
structure

addition
to
realizing
an
economic
operation,they
also
guarantee
a
safe
operation
which
is
a
key
point for the combination of the whole system.
5



The management model for the trinity system can reach water supply goals with drainage water
under the mines and the land surface pumping water on the premise of ensuring eco-environmental

it
can
make
use
of
one
model
to
lay
down
comprehensively
optimum
management
scenarios
for
each
subsystem
by
means
of
selecting
proper
constraints
and
maximum
economic
benefit
objective
produced
by
multiple
water

model
can
raise
the
security
and
reliability of operation for the whole trinity system,and the drainage water can be forecast for the
mines and the management of water supply resource and the evaluation of eco- environment quality
can be performed at the same time so as to respectively stop the separate or closed management,of
departments of drainage water,water supply and eco-environment protection from geological survey
stage
to
management
,in
economic
aspect,can
not
only
avoid
much
geological
survery and special assessment work which are often repeated by the three departments,and save a
lot
of
funds,but
also
,in
technical
aspect,make
use
of
one
model
to
simultaneously
consider
interference and influence on each other for different groundwater seepage fields so as to guarantee
calculating
precision
of
the
forecast,the
management
and
the
evaluation

economic-hydraulic management model can be expressed as follows.

6

A case study




A typical sector is is located in the east of Jiaozuo coal mine,Henan Province,
consists of three mines:Hanwang Mine,Yanmazhuang Mine and Jiulishan land surface is
flat,and
the
whole
area
is
about
30
km
2
.An
intermittent
river
Shanmen
flows
through
the
sector
from
the
north
to
the
e
annual
precipitation
in
the
sector
is
about

6


precipitation mainly concentrates inJune,July,August and September each year.


Strata in the sector consist of very thick limestone in Middle Ordovician,coal-bearing rock series
in Permo Carboniferous and loose deposits in Quaternary.
There are four groups of faulted first is in northeast-southwest direction such as F
3
and F
1.
.The second is in the northwest-southeast direction such as Fangzhuang third is in
the east-west direction such as Fenghuangling last is almost in faults
are all found to be normal faults with a high degree of dip angle.





Four
major
aquifers
have
been
found
in
the

top
one
is
a
semi-confined
porous

next
one
is
a
very
thin
bedded
limeston

third
is
a
thin
bedded
limestone
last one at the bottom is a very thick limestone aquifer.
7





Objective
function
of
the
management
model
is
designed
to
be
maximum
economic
benefit
produced
by
domestic,industrial
and
agricultural
water

making
variables
of
the
model are considered as the domestic,industrial and agricultural groundwater supply rates in every
management time step,and they are supplied by artificial relief flow wells under the mines,the land
surface
pumping
wells
in
the
mines
and
the
shallow
land
surface
wells
in
the
groundwater
recharge the 135 policy making variables are chosen in the model,27 for drainage wells
under the mines in aquifer,27 for the land surface pumping wells in the mine districts in aquifer 27
in aquifer 27 in aquifer O
2

27 for the shallow land surface wells in aquifer O
2




Based on the problems,the following constraint conditions should be considered:
(1)

Safe mining constraint with groundwater pressure in aquifer L
8
.There are altogether three coal
mines
in
the
typical
sector,g
Mine,Yanmazhuang
Mine
and
Jiulishan
ions of mining level for these mines are different because it is about 88-150 m in
the
second
mining
level
for
Hanwang
Mine,and
-200m
in
the
second
mining
level
for
Yanmazhuang
Mine,and-225
m
in
the
first
mining
level
for
Jiulishan
ing
to
mining experiences,pressure-loaded heights for groundwater heads in safe mining state are
considered
as
about
ore,the
groundwater
level
drawdowns
in
the
three
management time steps for aquifer L
8
at three mines have to be equivalent to safe drawdown
values at least in order to pervert groundwater hazards under the mines and to guarantee their
safe operation.
(2)

Geological eco-environment quality order to prevernt groundwater leakage from
upper
contaminater
porous
aquifer
into
bottom
one
and
then
to
seepage
further
down
to
contaminate
the
thin
bedded
limestone
aquifer
in
the
position
of
buried
outcrop,the
groundwater
heads
in
the
bottom
porous
aquifer
must
keep
a
certain
height,
groundwater drawdowns in it are not allowed to exceed maximum values.
(3)

Groundwater head constraint at the shallow land surface wells in aquifer O
2
,The shallow land
surface
wells
should
penetrate
in
aquifer
O
2
in
order
to
avoid
geological
environment
hazards,such as karst collapse and deep karst groundwater water head
drawdowns in aquifer O
2
for the shallow land surface wells are not allowed to exceed critical
8


values.
(4)

Industrial
water
supply
constraint
for
the
groundwater
source
in
aquifer
O
2
.The
rate
of
industrial water supply needed by the planned thermal power plant in the north of the sector
is
designed
to
be
1.5
m
3
/s
according
to
the
comprehensive
design
of
the
system
in
the

order
to
meet
the
demands
of
water,the
rate
industrial
water
supply
for
the
groundwater source in aquifer O
2
in every management time step must be equivalent at least
to 1.5 m
3
/s.
(5)

Maximum
amount
constraint
of
groundwater
resource
available
for

order
to
maintain the balance of the groundwater system in the sector for a long time and to avoid any
harmful
results
caused
by
continuous
falling
of
groundwater
head,the
sum
of
groundwater
abstraction in each management time step is not allowed to exceed the maximum amount of
groundwater resource available for abstraction.
Since there is not only water drainage in the mines,but also water supply in the whole combination
system,management period for the model is selected from June 1,1978 to May 31,1979,in which annual
average
rate
of
precipitation
is
about
50
％
.Management
time
steps
for
the
period
are
divided
into
first one is from June to September,the second from October to next January,and the last one
from next February to May.
According
to
comprehensive
information
about
actual
economic
ability,economic
development
program and industrial structure adjustment in the sector at present and in the near future,and different
association forms of water collecting structures among the land surface pumping wells,the shallow land
surface
wells
and
artificial
relief
flow
wells
under
the
mines,this
paper
designs
12
management
scenarious,all of which take the safe operation in the trinity system as the most important condition.
After making comparisons of optimum calculation results for the 12 scenarious,this paper comes to
a conclusion that scenarios is the most ideal and applicable one for the typical scenario not
only considers the effective dewatering advantage of the artificial relief flow wells under the mines and
safe
stable
water
supply
advantage
of
the
land
surface
pumping
wells,but
also
pays
attention
to
the
disadvantage of low safe guaranty rate for the relief flow wells under the mines for water supply and of
large drilling investment in the land surface pumping ile,eh shallow land surface wells in
9


aquifer
O
2

in
this
scenario
would
not
only
provide
water
supply
for
the
thermal
power
plant
as
planned,but also play an important role in dewatering the bottom aquifer,which is major recharge source
of
groundwater
for
the

the
drainage
subsystem
under
the
mines
runs
normally,this
scenario
could fully offer the effective dewatering functions of the artificial relief flow wells under the mines,and
makes the trinity system operate if the drainage subsystem has to stop suddenly because of
unexpected
accidents,the
scenario
could
still
fully
utilize
the
land
surface
pumping
wells
and
the
shallow land surface wells,and increae their pumping rates in order to make up for temporary shortage
of
water
supply
for
the
trinity
system
and
to
make
its
economic
losses
reduced
to
a
minimum
sing groundwater abstraction rate for the land surface pumping wells and the shallow land
surface
wells,in
fact,is
very
favorable
for
harnessing
the
water-accidents
under
the
mines
and
for
recovery production of the mines.






10


To sum up,this scenario sets up a new pattern for the combination of water drainage,water supply
and eco-environment solves quite well the conflicts between the low safe guaranty rate and
the effective dewatering result for the artificial relief flow wells under the makes full use of
beneficial aspect of the conflicts,and meanwhile compensates for the unbeneficial one by arranging the
land surface pumping wells in the coal mine ore,this scenario should be comprehensive
and feasible.
In this scenario,Hanwan Mine,Yanmazhuang Mine and Jiulishan Mine are distributed optimally for
certain amount of domestic and industrial water supply,but not for much agricultural water
land surface pumping wells are also distributed for different purposes of water water supply
for
the
thermal
power
plant
(1.5
m
3
/s)
is
provided
by
the
shallow
land
surface
hensive
effects,produced
by
the
above
three
kinds
of
water
collecting
structures,completely
satisfy
all
of
the
constraint conditions in the management model,and achieve an extremely good economic objective of
16.520551million
RMB
yuan
per

order
to
examine
the
uncertainty
of
the
management
model,12management scenarios are all tested with sensitive analysis.
7

Conclusion
(1)

The optimum combination research among water drainage,water supply and eco-environment
protection is of great theoretical significance and application value in the basin of North China
for solving unbalanced relation between water supply and demands,developing new potential
water supply sources and protecting weak eco-environment.
(2)

The combination research is concerned not only with hydraulic technique management but also
with
constraints
of
economic
benefits,society,ecology,environment
quality,safe
mining
and
sustainable development in the coal mines.
(3)

The
combination
model,for
the
first
time,breaks
up
the
closed
situation
existing
for
a
long
time,under
which
the
government
departments
of
drainage
water,water
supply
and
eco- environment
protection
from
geological
survey
stage
to
management
evaluation
work
ically,it
can
spare
the
repeated
geological
survey
and
special
assessment
work done by the three departments and save a lot of funds;technically,one model is made use
of to cover the interference and influence each other for different groundwater seepage fields so
11