pandaria(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档

2021年1月20日发(作者：couplet)






























英国文学史

I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages




贝奥武夫
:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons







Epic:
long
narrative
poems
that
record
the
adventures
or
heroic
deeds
of
a
hero
enacted
in
vast
landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.




Artistic features:


1.

Using alliteration


Definition
of
alliteration:
a
rhetorical
device,
meaning
some
words
in
a
sentence
begin
with
the
same
consonant sound
（头韵）


Some examples on P5


2.

Using metaphor and understatement


Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for
Englishmen to express their ideas



Geoffery Chaucer
杰弗里

·乔叟
1340~1400

(
首创“双韵体”
，英国文 学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（
John
Dryden
）称其为“英国 诗
歌之父”
。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》
。
)

The father of English poetry.







writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.

①


坎特伯雷故事集：


first time to use
‘
heroic couplet
’
(
双韵体
) by middle English

②

特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德


③


声誉之宫

Medieval Ages
’

popular Literary form: Romance(
传奇故事
)



Famous three
：
King Arthur
















Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
















Beowulf


II
The Renaissance Period


A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.

Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning
in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern
world.


Three historical events of the Renaissance
–
rebirth or revival:

1.


new discoveries in geography and astrology

2.


the religious reformation and economic expansion

3.


rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture




The most famous
dramatists
:


Christopher Marlowe

William Shakespeare

Ben Johnson.




1.


Edmund Spenser
埃德蒙·斯宾塞
1552~1599


（后人称之为
“诗人的诗人”
。
）

The poets
’

poet. The first to be buried in the Poet
’
s corner of Westerminster
Abbey




①



仙后
(for Queen Elizabeth)








T
he
theme
is
not
“Arms
and
the
man”,
but
something
more
romantic
“Fierce
wars
and
faithfull
loves”.


Artistic features:

1.





Using Spenserian Stanza




Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last
line in iambic hexameter.

②


牧人日历







The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.

③


爱情小唱
?




2.

Thomas? More
托马斯
?
莫尔
1478~1535








One of the greatest English humanists

①

乌托邦





3.

Francis? Bacon
弗兰西斯·培根
1561~1626


（哲学家、散文 家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学
的奠基人和近代实验 科学的先驱。
）


Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?

Writing
style:brevity,
compactness&powerfulness,
well-arranging
and
enriching
by
Biblical
allusions,
metaphors and p
hilosophy to man’s reason.


①

学术的推进


②

随笔
(famous quotas: )?

The theme of Of

Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue
studies.




4. Ben Jonson

①


②

狐狸





5.
Christopher? Marlowe
柯里斯托弗·马洛
1564~1595






“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama


（完善了无韵体诗。
）


Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.

①

浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）



②

帖木耳大帝
?



③

Malta>
马耳他的犹太人





6.

William Shakespeare
威廉·莎士比亚
1564~1616?



①

Historical plays: Henry VI Henry IV : Richard III Henry V
；
Richard II
；
Henry VIII

②
Four Comedies
四大喜剧
:









皆大欢喜
;




第十二夜
;


’
S Dream>
仲夏夜之梦
;

















威尼斯商人


③
Four Tragedies
四大悲剧
:



哈姆莱特
;



奥赛罗
;



李尔王
;



麦克白


④
Shakespeare Sonnet :
154



















Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg



















A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic
pentameter restricted to a
definition rhyme scheme.




III

The 17th Century



1.
John Milton
约翰·弥尔顿
1608~1674


（诗人、政论家
;
失明后写

《失乐园》
、
《复乐 园》
、
《力士参孙》
。
）


①
Epics:
失乐园




复乐园



②
Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>
力士参孙


③


论出版自由
?


为英国人民声辩


④


我的失明









This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.

Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.




2.

John Bunyan
约翰·班扬
1628~1688


（代表作《天路历程》
，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”
，是英国文学史上里 程碑式著
作。与但丁的《神曲》
、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。< br>）


Puritan poet(
清教徒派诗人
)

①
Religionary

Allegory:
’
s Progress>
天路历程



3
. John Donne


the Metaphysical poet(
玄学派诗人
).

Metaphysical Poetry(
玄学诗
)
：
（用语）
the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (
形式
)the form is
frequently an argument with the poet
’
s beloved, with god, or with himself.
（主题：
love, religious, thought
）


Artistic features:

1.





conceits or imagery
奇思妙喻


2.





syllogism
三段论






①

Meditations
沉思录


The Flea
虱子


②

Songs And Sonnets

Holy Sonnets

③
Valediction:



















IV The 18th Century


A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(
抑制情感
) and accuracy

The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th
centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)

小说崛起：


In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel
现实主义小说
)

Gothic novel(
哥特式小说
)
：
mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)




1.

Alexander? Pope
亚历山大·蒲柏
1688~1744

（
18
世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”
/
“

heroic
couplets
”
。词句工整、精练、富有
哲理性。
）


One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.

①

批评论









Artistic features:









“heroic couplets”


②


卷发遇劫记


③


道德论




人论



愚人记





2.

Samuel

Johnson
塞缪尔约翰逊
1709~1784









①
Dictionary =
英语大词典





3.

Jonathan Swift
乔纳森·斯威夫特
1667~1745


（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家
a master satirist
。
）



①

’
s Travels>
格列佛游记
(fictional work)




Four parts:













Lilliput

小人国














Brobdingnag

大人国














Flying Island

飞岛














Houyhnhnm

马岛



一个小小的建议


②


书战


③


木桶的故事


④

’
s Letters>
一个麻布商的书信





4.

Daniel Defoe
丹尼尔·笛福
1660~1731


小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。


He
is
the
first
writer
study
of
the
lower-class
people,hislanguage
is
smooth,
easy,
colloquial
and
mostly
vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.

①


Crusoe>
鲁宾逊漂流记


It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.


Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in
his eventful life.


It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely
island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.

②



③



④







5.

Henry Fielding
亨利·菲尔丁
1707~1754


（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”

。
）



He is called
“
Father of English novel
”
. He was the first to write a
“
Comic epic in prose
”
(
散文体史诗
), and
the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.

①

novels:


弃婴汤姆·琼斯



约瑟夫·安德鲁



大诗人江奈生·威尔德



爱米利亚


②

plays:


一七三六年历史记事



堂吉柯德在英国





6.


Oliver Goldsmith
奥利弗·格尔德斯密斯
1730~1774


①

poems:



旅游人




荒村


②

novel:



威克菲尔德牧师传




7.


Richard Brinsley Sheridan
理查德·布林斯利·施莱登
1751~1816


①


情敌


②


for Scandal>
造谣学校



8.
William Blake
威廉·布莱克
1757~1827


①


天真之歌










A happy and innocent world from children’s eye.


②


经验之歌










A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.

Include:









Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity



Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence

③



天堂与地狱的婚姻



9.


Robert Burns
罗伯特·彭斯
1759~1796






The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.

Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect
主要用苏格兰方言写的诗


①


约翰·安德生，我的爱人


②


一朵红红的玫瑰


③


往昔时光


④

’
s a Man for A
’
That>
不管那一套


⑤

’
s in the

Highlands>
我的心在那高原上


⑥



⑦






V The Romantic Period




The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s , and
end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death.





Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual
’
s mind.(
人应该是独立自由的个体
)






In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to
the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.

Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).

“
The Lake Poets
”湖畔诗人
，
who lived in the lake district.






William Wordsworth;

Samuel Taylor Coleridge;

Robert Southey




1.

William Wordsworth
威廉·华兹华斯
1770~1850

（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。

The Lake Poets
）


①


抒情歌谣集
(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)

②







Theme: embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give
him “strength
and knowledge fullof peace”











is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.




Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature,
the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(
水仙
) and poet
’
s philosophical ideas and
mystical thoughts.

③

Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey

④

The Solitary Reaper
孤独的割麦女


②


序曲





2.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge
塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔律治
1772~1834









The Lake Poets

①


古舟子颂


②


柯里斯塔贝尔


③


忽必烈汗


Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination,

a strange territory

④


半夜冰霜


⑤


忧郁颂


⑥


抒情歌谣集
(with William Wordsworth)




3.

George Gordon Byron
乔治·戈登·拜伦
1788~1824


（拜伦式英雄
Byronic heroes
孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。 内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑
视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”
。
）






“Byronic
hero”
is
a
proud,
mysterious
rebel
figure
of
noble
origin,
against
tyrannical
rules
or
moral
principles.

①


唐·璜


’
s Pilgrimage>
恰尔德·哈罗德尔游记



该隐







②


当初我们俩分别







4.


Persy Bysshe Shelley
波西
?
比希
?
雪莱
1792~1822


①

Poetic Drama
：

解放了的普罗米修斯









Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyr
anny and oppression

②


麦布女王



伊斯兰的反叛



钦契一家



诗辩



无神论的必要性