钢锅-观众的英文
.
名词复数变化规则和读音:
1
.一般在名词的词尾加“
s
”
,
清辅音后读
/s/
浊辅音和元音后读
/z/
例如:
books, pens, classrooms
,
map- maps
,
boy-boys
,
girl- girls
,
pen-pens
等等。
cats
猫
rooms
房
间
horses
马
trees
树
roses
玫瑰
2
.以
s, x, sh, ch
结尾的名词在词尾加“
es
”
,
读
/iz/
例如:
classes, boxes, brushes, dishes, watches, buses
,
classes
,
foxes
,
lashes
鞭子,
pushes
推力,
branches
树枝、分支,
matches
火柴、比赛,
coaches
教练,
gases
气体,
asses
驴子
但也有例外,如:
stomach
—
stomachs
等等。
3
.以辅音字母加“
y
”结尾的名 词应改“
y
”为“
i
”
,再加“
es
”
,
读
/z/
例如:
cities, universities)
,
factories
,
baby--- babies
,
city-cities
,
country- countries
,
families
家庭,
ponies
小马
但以
y
结尾的专有名词,或元音字母
+y
结尾的名词变复数时,直接加
s
变复数。
例如:
two Marys
,
the Henrys
,
monkey--- monkeys
,
holiday---holidays
,
boys, toys
4
.以“
f
”和“
fe
”结尾的名词应改“
f
”和“
fe
”为“
ves
”
例如:
shelf
—
shelves
架子
,
knife
—
knives
,
leaf--- leaves
叶
,
wolf--- wolves
狼
,
wife---wives
妻子
life---lives
,
thief---thieves
小偷,
calf---calves
小牛,
half--- halves
一半
但也有例外
如:
roof
—
roofs
屋顶
,
cliff
—
cliffs
(悬崖)
,
hoof
—
hoofs
(马蹄)
,
belief
—
beliefs
(信仰)
,
chief
—
chiefs
(
首领)
,
proof
—
proofs(
证明
)
,
safe
—
safes(
保险箱
)
,
reef
—
reefs(
礁
)
,
gulf---gulfs
海湾
还有一些该类名词的复数形式有两种变化形式的
例如:
scar f
—
scarfs/scarves
(头巾)
, dwarf
—
dwarfs/dwarves
(矮子)
, wharf
—
wharfs/wharves(
码
头
), hand kerchief
—
handkerchiefs/handkerchieves(
手帕
)
等等。
5
.以“o
”结尾的名词的复数形式一般在词尾加“
es
”
例如:
hero
—
heroes
英语
, echo
—
echoes(
回音
)
,
potato
—
pot atoes
马铃薯
,
tomato
—
tomatoes
西红
柿
,
mango---mangoes
芒果,
volcano---volcanoes
火山,
negro--- negroes
黑人,
cargo---cargoes
货物,
buffalo---buffaloes
水牛,
mosquito ---mosquitoes
蚊子
但以字母
o
结尾的外来词或缩写词的复数形式是只加
S
,
例如:
zoo
—
zoos, radio
—
radios, piano
—
pianos
钢琴
, photo
—
photos, memo
—
memos(
备忘录
), solo
—
solos(
独唱、独奏
), kilo
—
ki los(
公斤
)
,
kimono
—
kimonos
(和服)
,
bamboo---bamboos
竹
子,
kangaroo---kangaroos
袋鼠,
mulatto---mulattos
白黑混血儿
,
6.
如果名词结尾是一个元音
(
即
a,e,i,o,u)
加
y
,那只则在单数词后加一个
s
就行了。
play
plays
戏剧
way
ways
小路
valley
valleys
山谷
donkey
donkeys
驴
整理文档
.
toy
toys
玩具
boy
boys
男孩
guy
guys
伙计
7
、
下列名词的复数形式,也很特殊:
analysis
analyses
分析
basis
bases
基础
parenthesis
parentheses
圆括号
datum
data
数据
medium
media/mediums
媒介
formula
formulae/formulas
公式
memorandum memoranda/memorandums
备忘录
phenomenon
phenomena
现象
goose
geese
鹅
tooth
teeth
牙齿
foot
feet
脚,尺
man
men
男人
woman
women
mouse
mice
老鼠
louse
lice
虱子
radius
radii
半径
8
、一些名词虽分单数、复数,但出现次数多的总是单数形式:
abscence
缺席
clothing
服装
film
胶片
help
帮助
furniture
家具
machinery
机械
news
新闻
scenery
风景
sugar
糖
traffic
交通
9
、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多:
bellows
风箱
clothes
衣物
shorts
短裤
trousers
长裤
spectacles
眼镜
scissors
剪刀
shears
大剪刀
police
警察
(
通称
)
整理文档
.
wages
工资
三、不规则变化主要有下面几种:
1
.变元音
例如:
man
—
men,
woman
—
women,
foot
—
feet,
tooth
—
teeth,
mouse
—
mice(
老鼠
),
louse
—
lice
(跳蚤)
child---children
注意:⑴、与
man
和
woman
构成的合成词,其复数形式也是
-men
和
-women
。
⑵、
German
不是合成词,故复数形式为
Germans
;
⑶、
Bowman
是姓,其复数是
the Bowmans
。
2
.加
(r)en
例如:
ox
—
oxen, child
—
children
,
brother
——
brethren
兄弟
3
.单、复数同形
例如:
sheep, fish, deer, carp(
鲤鱼
), Chinese, Japanese, aircraft(
飞机
), means(
方法
),
deer
鹿
cannon
大炮,
salmon
鲑鱼,
trout
鳟鱼
注意:
除人民币元、
角、
分外,
美元、英镑、
法郎等都有复数形式。
如
:a dollar, two dollars;
a meter, two meters
4
.外来词
例如:
crisis-- crises(
危机
),
basis--bases(
基础
),
analysis
—
analyses(
分析
)
,< br>phenomenon
—
phenomena(
现象
)
四、特殊的复数形式
1
.一些不可数名词,如
waters
、
teas
等的复数形式可表种类,译:
各种各样的……,例如:
I have many teas at home.
我家有许多种茶。
2
.具体化的名词, 如
cloth
、
paper
等的复数形式,可用来表示某种特殊用途的东西< br>
例如:
Please pass me a (table) cloth
(桌布、台布)
so that I can clean the table.
I can see many sweet papers
(糖果纸)
on the ground after the party.
3
.
一些抽象名词,如
thanks; wishes; congratulations; regards
;
greetings
和
cheers
等用在英语
句子里面时必须固定地使用复数形式
例如:
Best wishes to you!
Please give my best regards/greetings to your parents.
4
.一些数字,如
1920
’
s
或
1920s
的,表示
20
世纪
20
年代
例如:
In the 1920s, he went to a European country.
He was born in the 1960
’
s.
5
.整十的数字的复数形式,如
thirties, eighties
可表示“几十岁”
例如:
He joined the Party in his thirties.
他三十几岁时入党。
6
.英文字母,如
b
’
s
、
f
’
s
、
s
’
(
后面的“
s
”可以被省略
)
, 的复数形式
例如:
In the word
“
differ
”
, there are two f
’
s.
We must pay much attention to the s
’
at the end of the words.
7
.人名,如
Mary
、
John
等可以表示“几个……的人”
例如:
There are two Johns in our class, but in the whole school, there are six.
8
.姓氏,如
Black, Green
等可以表示一家人或者夫妻
例如:
After dinner, the Blacks are usually watching TV at home.
五、复合名词的复数形式,一般可以分为以下几种:
1
.一般在最后一个名词的词尾加
-s
或
-es
整理文档
.
例如:
film- goers(
常看电影的人
)
、
tooth-brushes
(牙刷)
、
greenhouses
(
温室、
暖房)
、< br>go-betweens
(中间人)
、
grown- ups
(成年人)
,
maid-servant--maid- servan
女仆,
step-son--step-sons
继子
2
.在主体名词末加
-s
例如:
lookers-on
(旁观者)
、
passers- by
(过路人)
、
sons-in- law
(女婿)
、
daughters-in- law
(媳
妇)
、
gentlemen-at- arms
(侍卫官)
、
ladies-in- waiting
(侍女、
宫女)
,
coat-of-mail-- coats-of-mail
甲胄,
father-in-law--fathers-in- law
岳父,
man-of-war--men-of-war
兵舰
3
.两个成分都加变复数,一般是与
man
构成的复合词
例如:
men-doctors
(男医生)
、
women work ers
(女工人)
,但
German
不是合成词,故复数形
式为Germans
;
Bowman
是姓,其复数是
the Bowmans
。
但英、美国家的人不用
lady
来搭配复数,因为它带有轻视的语气。而含
boy
或
girl
的复合名
词中,
boy
和
girl
都不用复数,
例如:< br>boy-students
(男学生)
、
girl nurses
(女护士)
、
boy friends
(男朋友)
、
girl monitors
女班长
六、特殊形式
1
.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
例如:
people
police
cattle
等本身就是复数,不能说
a people
,
a police
,
a cattle
,但可以说
a person
,
a policeman
,
a head of cattle.
注意:
the Chinese
,
the Japanese
,
the Swiss
等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
如:
The Chinese are industries and brave.
中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
2
.以
s
结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths
,
politics
,
physics
等 学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。
b. news
为不可数名词。
c. the United States
,
the United Nations
应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945.
联合国是
1945
年组建起来的。
d.
以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
例如:
《一千零一夜》是一本非常有
趣的故事书。
3
.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,
例如:
goods
货物,
waters
水域,
fishes
(各种)鱼。< br>
the keys:
1
.
D
2
.
D
3
.
C
4
.
C
5
.
A
6
.
C
7
.
A
8
.
D
9
.
C
10
.
D
11
.
C
12
.
A
13
.
D
14
.
B
15
.
B
16
.
B
17
.
B
18
.
C
19
.
C
20
.
B
21
.
C
22
.
A
23
.
D
24
.
C
25
.
A
26
.
A
27
.
C
28
.
C
29
.
D
30
.
B
31
.
C
32
.
C
33
.
B
34
.
C
35
.
A
36
.
C
37
.
C
38
.
B
39
.
B
40
.
C
41
.
D
42
.
A
43
.
D
44
.
B
45
.
A
46
.
B
47
.
D
48
.
B
49
.
C
50
.
B
51
.
C
52
.
A
53
.
D
54
.
C
55
.
A
56
.
D
57
.
A
58
.
C
59
.
D
60
.
B
61
.
C
62
.
B 63
.
B
64
.
D
65
.
B
66
.
C
67
.
C
68
.
D
69
.
D
70
.
A
整理文档
.
七、习题:
was
eager
to
make
some
extra
money,
since
during
these
years
he
could
hardly
live
on
his_______.
a
.
little wage
b. few wage
c. wage
d. wages
of the houses in the village were burnt to ______ during the war.
a.
an ash
b. the ash
c. ash
d. ashes
students at colleges or universities are making ______ for the coming New Year.
a.
many preparations
b. much preparation
c. preparations
d. preparation
ng in _____ is one of their spare-time activities.
a.
oil
b. an oil
c. oils
d. the oil
the view of the foreign experts, there wasn
’
t ____ oil here.
a.
much
b. lots of
c. a great deal of
d. many
large houses are being painted, but ______.
a.
of great expense
b. at a great expense
c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense
room was small and contained far too ______.
new furniture
c. much new furnitures
new furniture
d. many new furnitures
was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.
a. rooms number
b. room number
c. room
’
s numbers
d. room numbers
ers can do ______ work in a short time, but a man can not do ______ by himself.
a great many
…
many
c. much
…
a great deal
b. a great deal of
…
much
d. many
…
a great many
didn
’
t know _____ he had been given.
a.
how many information
c. how many informations
b.
the number of information
d. how much information
invited all of his ______ to join his wedding party.
a.
comrade-in-arms
c. comrades-in-arm
b.
comrades-in-arms
d. comrade- in-arm
the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.
a.
women doctors
c. woman doctors
b.
women doctor
d. woman doctor
ten years, all these youngsters became_____.
a.
growns-ups
c. growns- up
b.
grown-up
d. grown-ups
police investigated those _____ about the accident.
a.
stander-by
c. standers- by
b.
stander-bys
d. standers-bys
Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camp.
er-of- wars
c. prisoners-of-war
ers-of-wars
d. prisoner-of- war
manager was greatly appreciate that _____ made by Linda lately.
a.
new reel
b. news reel
c. new- reels
d. news reels
’
s dress is similar in appearance to her ______.
a. elder sister
b. elder sister
’
s
c. elder sisters
d. elder sisters dress
整理文档
钢锅-观众的英文
钢锅-观众的英文
钢锅-观众的英文
钢锅-观众的英文
钢锅-观众的英文
钢锅-观众的英文
钢锅-观众的英文
钢锅-观众的英文
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