asdfghjkl大学英语专业四级阅读难句(二)

2021年1月8日发(作者：朱光亚)
大学英语专业四级阅读难句（二）
Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about
an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (09.6 Passage
2)
主干：Todd Park, a local detective, said...
1. said 之后的内容是个省略引导词that的宾语从句。 skeleton...是个定语
从句，修饰an...woman。
译文：当地的一名侦探Todd Park说，这个方法帮他了解到有关一位身份不明的女性死
者的更多 信息，其尸骨是在大盐湖附近被发现的。



Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything
about his smoker’s cough for a year. (08.12 Passage 1)
主干：Gullotta saw a man...
1. who 引导的定语从句修饰a...man。
2.本句是肯定陈述句，却用了doing anything而不是doing something,语义上有所强
调。
译文：两个月以前格洛塔为一位50岁的男士看 病，这名男士吸烟咳嗽已有一年，但期
间他没有采取任何措施，以至于延误了治疗。


The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers
to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. (08.6 Passage 2)
主干：The crumbs make it easy to reconstruce...
you leave everywhere 是定语从句，省略了关系代词that，修饰crumbs; make it easy
for...to do...结构中，it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式 to r econstruct...。easy
是宾语补语，for引导出不定式的逻辑主语stranger s。句末who, where和what引导的三
个名词性从句都是reconstruct的宾语。
译文：你处处留下的“数字面包碎屑”很容易让陌生人推想出你是谁，你在哪里，你对
什么感兴趣。


The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who
is merely and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to
the body’s special needs. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：The field has not distinguished (between...and...)
主句的谓语用了distinguished between...and...的结构，and 连接的两个someone
都用了who引导的定语从句予以修饰。
译文：传统上，医学 并没有区分一个仅仅是“没有生病”的人和一个健康状况很好并且
注意自己身体特殊需要的人。这两种类 型都被称作“健康”。


In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms
and only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve
their health. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：some health specialists have begun to apply...
主句部分，不定式to apply...用作 begun的宾语。apply...to...表示“把......应
用于......”，句中表 示“把well和wellness这样的词只用来指那些人”。who引导的定
语从句修饰those 。
译文：然而，近些年来，一些健康专家开始把“健康”和“健康状况良好”这样的字眼
只使用到那些积极努力去保持并改善自身健康状况的人身上。

And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness
can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily
life. (06.12 Passage 2)
主干：the concept...can have a (beneficial impact)
句首by引导的介词短语表示“方法、手段”。have a (beneficial impact) on...“对......
有有益的影响”。in which引导定语从句修饰the ways。
译文：通过关注健康的生活方式，“健康”的历 年就能对人们面对日常生活的挑战的方
法产生有利的影响。


In it (the communications diary) they noted the number of conversations or email
exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how may lies they
told. (06.6 Passage 1)
主干：they noted the number..., and confessed to how...
主句用了两个并列的谓语动词：noted 和confessed。or连接两个名词conversations
和email exchanges构成并列结构，后面有定语从句they had和现在分词短语lasting more
then 10 minutes修饰。
译文：在交流日记中，他们把长达10分钟以上 的谈话或者电子邮件交流的次数记录下
来，并且承认了他们说谎的次数。



Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies
of scale with which local brands cannot compete, and second, consumers in the 21st
century are drawn to
主干：Its strategy rests (on...)
主句用了rest on短语。冒号后的first...and second...用以解释说明冒号前的two
beliefs，可以看做是该名词短语的同位成分。with which引导定语从句修饰economies of
scale(规模经济)。句末的be drawn to表示“为...所吸引”，as a concept介词短语作
global的后置定语，“作为概念的全球化”，或“全球化概念”。
译文：公司的策略基于两个信念：首先，全球性的产品能够提供地方品牌无法与之竞争
的规 模经济；其次，21世纪的消费者认可“全球”这个概念。


Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so
is to say ’m sorry you’re upset
for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. (06.1 Passage
2)
主干：Another method...is to say...; this suggests that...
本句是由分号间隔的两个分句构成的并列句。前一分句中，by which引导定语从句，
修饰主语another method，不定式to say作表语，引号 里的直接引语作say的宾语。后一
分句中，that引导的从句作suggests的宾语。
译文：另外一种表面上看似乎是在道歉，而实际上并没有道歉的做法是说“你感到委屈，
我 很抱歉”，这表明，如果因为别人所做的事情而让你自己感到委屈的话，那么你多多少少
是有过错的。

Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity
of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which
the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (06.1 Passage 2)
主干：there is the apology
这句话用的是there be句型，主干部分容易理解。主语apology带了多个修饰语，包
括前置修饰语general和all covering，后置修饰语是一个which引导的非限制 性定语从
句。在该定语从句中，介词of+动名词短语identifying...作定语，修饰th e necessity；
identifying的宾语a specific act后面带了两个 定语从句，一个是由that引导，另一个
是由which引导，这两个定语从句用and并列链接。w hich引导的定语从句中，主语the person
也另外带有一个who引导的定语从句。
译文：然后还有一种泛泛的无所不包的道歉，这种道歉避免了指明特别让人伤心、特别
令人 委屈，道歉者应该保证不会再犯的具体行为。


I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’
s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet
enough. (05.6 Passage 1)
主干：I recall an incident...
句子的宾语an accident后面有两个修饰语，一个是介词词组in a handball game，
一个是 when引导的定语从句（不是时间状语从句！）。when引导的定语从句中，有一个because
引导的原因状语从句：注意从句的宾语when是指gloves。
译文：我回想起在一次手球比 赛中发生的事情，一个球员曾一度要求到场外更换手套，
但是裁判员认为他的手套没有湿到必须更换的程 度，所以拒绝了他。


In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former
Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her
previous job she had overseen (监督) “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial
position.” (09.12 Passage 2)
主干：the university stressed that...
1. when引导时间状语从句，修饰谓语动词stressed, “剑桥任 命Alison的时候公开
强调说...”。有人认为when引导定语从句修饰2003，不妥，因为 “任命”是瞬间动作动
词，而In 2003是延续性时间。