浪漫诗集TED英语演讲：奇异而奇妙的发光世界

2021年1月8日发(作者：庞景仁)
TED英语演讲：奇异而奇妙的发光世界
80%-90%的深海生物都可以发光，我们对 它们如何发光以及为什
么发光却知之甚少。生物性光专家伊迪斯 维达 对这个绚丽神奇的世
界 进行了探索，并在此与我们分享深海的1绚丽多姿以及她对未知海
洋(及生物性光)的见解。下面是小编 为大家收集关于 TED英语演讲：
奇异而奇妙的发光世界，欢迎借鉴参考。
TED英语演讲：奇异而奇妙的发光世界
演讲者：Alexis Ohanian
The Kraken, a beast so terrifying it wassaid to devour men
and ships and whales, and so enormous it could be mistakenfor
an island. In assessing the merits of such tales, it's probably
wise tokeep in mind that old sailor's saw that the only
difference between a fairytaleand a sea story is a fairytale
begins, upon a time,and a seastory begins, ain't
no shit.
北海巨妖，一只恐怖的野兽，据说它吞食活人、船只和鲸鱼，并
且它是如此巨大以至于会被误认为是一座 小岛。在评估这样的故事的
真实性时，聪明的做法也许是谨记着老水手对童话和海洋传说的区别
的看法是童话往往这样开始：“很久以前……”而一个海洋传说会这
样开始：“这不是胡扯。”(笑)
Every fish that gets away grows with everytelling of the

1
tale. Nevertheless, there are giants in the ocean, and we
nowhave video proof, as those of you that saw the Discovery
Channel documentaryare no doubt aware.
每次讲一个关于跑掉的鱼的故事时，这条鱼都会随着故事讲的次
数而变大。然而大海中也有巨人，并且现在我们有了视频为证，如果
你们看过探索频道的纪录片，那肯 定知道这个。
I was one of the three scientists on thisexpedition that
took place last summer off Japan. I'm the short one. The
othertwo are Dr. Tsunemi Kubodera and Dr. Steve O'Shea.
我是参与探 索旅程的三位科学家之一，这次旅程于去年奇异而奇
妙的生物发光世界夏天在日本开展。我是照片里最矮 的那个。其他两
位是窪寺恒己博士和史蒂夫·欧谢伊博士。
I owe my participation in this now-historicevent to TED.
In 20xx, there was a TED event called Mission Blue held
aboardthe Lindblad Explorer in the Galapagos as part of the
fulfillment of SylviaEarle's TED wish. I spoke about a new way
of exploring the ocean, one thatfocuses on attracting animals
instead of scaring them away.
我能参与到这个历史性的事件中来这还要感谢TED。20xx年有一
场TE D活动叫做“蓝色使命”这场活动在停靠于加拉帕戈斯群岛的林
德布拉德探险者号上进行作为西尔维亚· 厄尔的“TED愿望”的一部
分。我讲了探索海洋的新途径，其中一个重点是要吸引动物而不是将

2
它们吓跑。
Mike deGruy was alsoinvited, and he spoke with great
passion about his love of the ocean, and healso talked to me
about applying my approach to something he's been involvedwith
for a very long time, which is the hunt for the giant squid.
It was Mikethat got me invited to the squid summit, a gathering
of squid experts at theDiscovery Channel that summer during
Shark Week. (Laughter)
麦克·德葛鲁也被邀请了，他很有激情的讲了他对大海的热爱并
且 他还讲到了应用我的方法到一些他参与很久的项目中来，那就是寻
找巨型乌贼。是迈克让我能受邀参加乌 贼研讨峰会，那是在那个夏天
的鲨鱼周中在探索频道开展的一次乌贼专家聚会。
I gave a talk on unobtrusive viewing andoptical luring of
deep sea squid in which I emphasized the importance of
usingquiet, unobtrusive platforms for exploration. This came
out of hundreds ofdives I have made, farting around in the dark
using these platforms, and myimpression that I saw more animals
working from the submersible than I did witheither of the
remote-operated vehicles. But that could just be because
thesubmersible has a wider field of view. But I also felt like
I saw more animalsworking with the Tiburon than the Ventana,
two vehicles with the same field ofview but different

3
propulsion systems.
我发表了一个关于非介入观察和使用光诱饵吸引深海乌贼的演
讲。我强调了探索应采用无声、非介入的平 台。这个结论源自我几百
次的潜水活动，使用这些平台在黑暗中四处观察给我的印象是从潜水
器 中观察比我使用远程遥控潜艇能够看到更多的动物。但这可能只是
因为潜水器具有更广阔的视角。另外我 还发觉使用蒂伯龙潜艇比温塔
娜潜艇我观察到了更多的动物，两种潜艇的视野相同但采用了不同的
推进系统。
So my suspicion was that it might havesomething to do with
the amount of noise they make. So I set up a hydrophone onthe
bottom of the ocean, and I had each of these fly by at the same
speed anddistance and recorded the sound they made. The Johnson
Sea- Link -- (whirringnoise) -- which you can probably just
barely hear here, uses electric thrusters-- very, very quiet.
所以我怀疑这可能跟他们产生的 噪音大小有关。因此我在海底安
置了一个水听器，然后我让每一个潜艇以同样的速度和距离经过并记录它们发出的声音。约翰逊深海链接潜艇---(呼呼声噪音)的声音可
能只能被勉强听到，它使用 的是电动推进器---非常、非常安静。
The Tiburon also uses electric powered thrusters. It'salso
pretty quiet, but a bit noisier. (Louder whirring noise) But
mostdeep-diving ROVs these days use hydraulics and they sound
like the Ventana.(Loud beeping noise) I think that's got to be

4
scaring a lot of animals away.
蒂伯龙潜艇使用的也是电动推进器。它也相当安静，但是噪音要
稍大一点。(稍大的呼呼声 噪音)但目前能潜到最深的那些远程遥控潜
艇大多使用的是液压驱动系统它们的声音与温塔娜潜艇的一样 。(大
声蜂鸣音噪音)我认为它的声音会吓跑很多的动物。
So for the deep sea squid hunt, I proposedusing an optical
lure attached to a camera platform with no thrusters, nomotors,
just a battery-powered camera, and the only illumination coming
fromred light that's invisible to most deep- sea animals that
are adapted to seeprimarily blue. That's visible to our eye,
but it's the equivalent of infraredin the deep sea.
所以对于深 海乌贼的探索，我建议使用光诱饵，将光源安装到一
个没有推进器、没有发动机的相机平台上，只有一个 电池驱动的相机，
并且唯一的光源来自红光红光是大部分的深海生物无法看到的它们
适应了只能 主要看到蓝色光。这对我们是可见的，但它相当于深海中
的红外线。
So this camera platform, which we called the Medusa,
couldjust be thrown off the back of the ship, attached to a float
at the surfacewith over 2,000 feet of line, it would just float
around passively carried bythe currents, and the only light
visible to the animals in the deep would bethe blue light of
the optical lure, which we called the electronic jellyfish,or

5
e-jelly, because it was designed to imitate the bioluminescent
display ofthe common deep sea jellyfish Atolla.
所以这个我们称之为美杜沙的相机平台可以直接从 船后方扔到
水中，平台用长于610米的绳索连在船上，它会被动地由洋流驱使在
周围漂流，深 海中动物们唯一可看见的光是光诱饵所发出的蓝色光，
我们将其称之为电子水母，因为它的设计是模仿常 见的深海棕色水母
所发出的生物光。
Now, this pinwheel of light that the Atollaproduces is
known as a bioluminescent burglar alarm and is a form of
reason that the electronic jellyfish worked as a
lure is not because giantsquid eat jellyfish, but it's because
this jellyfish only resorts to producingthis light when it's
being chewed on by a predator and its only hope for escapemay
be to attract the attention of a larger predator that will
attack itsattacker and thereby afford it an opportunity for
escape. It's a scream forhelp, a last-ditch attempt for escape,
and a common form of defense in the deepsea.
棕色水母所发出的这种旋转光被认为是一种生物光报警和一种
防御形式 。电子水母能成为诱饵的原因不是因为巨型乌贼捕食水母，
而是因为这种水母只会在它被捕食者咀嚼的时 候发出这种光，水母唯
一可以逃生的希望是吸引到更大型捕食者的注意，这样它就会攻击水
母的 捕食者从而让水母有机会逃跑。这是呼唤帮助的尖叫，逃跑的最

6
后希望，也是深海中一种常见的防御形式。
The approach worked. Whereas all previousexpeditions had
failed to garner a single video glimpse of the giant, wemanaged
six, and the first triggered wild excitement.
这个方法是有效的。之前所有的探索活动都没能成功获得巨型乌
贼的影像资料，而我们成功录了六段视频，第一次拍到巨型乌贼的视
频时我们兴奋极了。
Edith Widder (on video): Oh my God. Oh myGod! Are you
kidding me?Other scientists: Oh ho ho! That's just hanging
there.
(视频中)伊迪丝·维达：哦 ，我的上帝。哦，我的上帝!你在跟
我开玩笑吗?其他科学家：哦呵呵!就在那里。
EW: It was like it was teasing us, doing akind of fan dance
-- now you see me, now you don't -- and we had four suchteasing
appearances, and then on the fifth, it came in and totally wowed
us.
就像它在戏弄我们，跳着一种有趣的舞蹈--- 现在你看到我，现
在你又看不到我了--- 我们先看到了四次这样的“戏弄”，然后第五次
时，它靠近了并完全震撼了我们。”
(Music) Narrator: (Speaking in Japanese)
(音乐)讲述人：(日语)
Scientists: Ooh. Bang! Oh my God! Whoa!

7
科学家们：“哦，砰!哦，我的上帝!哇噻!”
EW: The full monty.
完全的震撼。
What really wowed me about that was the wayit came in up
over the e-jelly and then attacked the enormous thing next to
it,which I think it mistook for the predator on the e-jelly.
让我真 正震撼的是它来到电子水母上来的方式然后攻击电子水
母旁边的巨大东西，我认为它误认为电子水母上面 的是水母的捕食者。
But even more incredible was the footageshot from the
Triton submersible. What was not mentioned in the
Discoverydocumentary was that the bait squid that Dr. Kubodera
used, a one-meter longdiamondback squid had a light attached
to it, a squid jig of the type thatlongline fishermen use, and
I think it was this light that brought the giantin.
但更令人难以置 信的是从特里顿潜水器里拍摄的镜头。探索频道
纪录片里没有提到的是窪寺恒己博士使用的诱饵乌贼：一 只一米长的
菱鳍乌贼用延绳捕鱼的渔夫使用的乌贼挂钩将光源附到它身上，我认
为正是这个光吸 引到了巨型乌贼。
Now, what you're seeing is the intensifiedcamera's view
under red light, and that's all Dr. Kubodera could see when
thegiant comes in here. And then he got so excited, he turned
on his flashlightbecause he wanted to see better, and the giant

8
didn't run away, so he riskedturning on the white lights on the
submersible, bringing a creature of legendfrom the misty
history into high-resolution video. It was
absolutelybreathtaking, and had this animal had its feeding
tentacles intact and fullyextended, it would have been as tall
as a two-story house.
现在你们看到的是高敏感相机使用红色光录下的影像，这是窪 寺
恒己博士在巨型乌贼出现在这里时所看到的全部。然后他变得如此兴
奋他打开了他的手电想看 的更清楚些，并且巨型乌贼没有逃跑，因此
他冒着风险打开了潜水器上的所有白色光，把一种传说中的生 物从朦
胧的历史变成了高清晰视频。它是如此的惊人，如果这个生物将它的
捕食触手完全伸展开 的话，它会有两层楼那样高。
How could something that big live in ourocean and yet remain
unfilmed until now? We've only explored about five percentof
our ocean. There are great discoveries yet to be made down there,
fantasticcreatures representing millions of years of evolution
and possibly bioactivecompounds that could benefit us in ways
that we can't even yet imagine.
为什么如此巨大的东西生活在我们的海洋但直到现在才被拍摄
到呢?我 们目前只探索了海洋的大约5%。很多伟大的发现将会出现在
水下，代表数百万年的进化过程的伟大生物 们和很可能发现的生物活
性化合物这些发现可能会带给我们无法想象的好处。

9
Yet wehave spent only a tiny fraction of the money on ocean
exploration that we'vespent on space exploration. We need a
NASA-like organization for oceanexploration, because we need
to be exploring and protecting our life support systemshere on
Earth.
然而相较于宇宙探索我 们只花了一小部分钱用于海洋探索。我们
需要一个类似美国国家航空航天局的组织来探索海洋，因为我们 需要
探索和保护地球上的我们的生命支持系统。
We need — thank you. (Applause)
我们需要---谢谢。(掌声)
Exploration is the engine that drivesinnovation.
Innovation drives economic growth. So let's all go exploring,
butlet's do it in a way that doesn't scare the animals away,
or, as Mike deGruyonce said,
all and see something you'venever seen, or have an excellent
chance of seeing something that no one's everseen, get in a
sub.
him. (Applause)
探索是推动创新的引擎。创新驱 动着经济增长。所以让我们一起
去探索吧，但是让我们要用一种不会吓跑动物们的方式，或者如麦
克·德葛鲁曾经说过的：“如果你想要摆脱一切并且看到一些你从未
见过的东西，或有绝佳的机会看到 一些前所未见的东西，那么下到潜

10
水艇里吧。“他本应和我们一起进行这次冒险。我们缅怀他。

---来源网络整理，仅供参考

11