简称英文初中英语中考定语从句的用法(基础讲解)

2021年1月8日发(作者：凌德洪)
中考定语从句的用法

【小试牛刀】
1. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people ________
wanted to kill him.
A. whose B. which C. / D. who
2. — Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China (《 舌尖上的中国》)?
— Yeah! It’s the most funny one ________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
3. — Do you know the girl is talking with our teacher?
— Oh, she is my sister.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. where
4. Do you know the man _______ saved five people in the fire?
A. who B. it C. when D. whom
5. He likes low- carbon life. He lives in the house ________ he built himself out of trash.
A. where B. what C. which D. in which
6. People ______ overweight need more water than thin people.
A．who is B．which are C．that is D．who are
7. When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for some food.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
8. — Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua? — The man _______ T-shirt is red.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
9. — Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?
— I’m not sure. Is it in the hall ________ can hold 300 people?
A. where B. what C. that D. when
10. — What kind of movies do you like? — I like movies ________ scary monsters.
A. which has B. that have C. what has D. why have
11. The photo _______ taken by my brother last week is very nice.
A．which were B．that is C．that were D．which was
12. The stone bridge _______ was built in Song Dynasty was repaired last month．
A．that B．when C．where
13. —Why don’t you like fishing?
—Fishing is a hobby ___________ needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.
A. who B. that C. it D. what
14. — Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.
—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like.
A. that B. which C. who
15. Language learning isn’t hard itself．The attitude ________ you have decides if you can learn it
well at last.
A．what B．who C．which
16. — Lily, what kind of museums do you like? — I like museums ________ can provide visitors
with free WiFi.
A. what B. that C. who
17. Have you ever heard of the news _______ is about the Strawberry Concert?
A．who B．what C．which D．when

【答案与解析】
1. D。句意：在曼德拉1990获得自由后，他选择了与想杀他的人握手。先行词指人，所以选
who。
2. A。本句意为：——你看《舌尖上的中国》这部纪录片了吗？——它是我看过最有趣的一个
纪录片。先行词有最高级修饰，关系代词选that。
3. A。句意：—你知不知道跟我们老师谈话的那个女孩是谁？—哦，她是我的妹妹。本句中先
行词是the girl，且the girl做后面定语从句的主语，故选用主格who。
4. A。句意：你知道那个在大火中救了五个人的人吗？根据先行词是man，故选A who。
5. C。本题考查定语从句。限行词the house在定语从句中作built的宾语，所以选which。
6. D。句意：超重的人需要的水比瘦的人多。定语从句的先行词是people，且关系词在从句中
作主语，故答案为D项。
7. B。句意：当鲁滨逊到达岛上时，他做的第一件事就是寻找一 些食物。本题考查定语从句。
先行词指物且被序数词first修饰，故只能选用关系词that，因此 B项正确。
8. D。本句意为：——刘华，哪个是你的新邻居？定语从句的关系词whose 等于先行词的所有
格（即先行词's）；该题的先行词是the man，所以whose T-shirt = The man 's T-shirt，故答案选D。
9. C。句意：—— 学校英语口语比赛今晚将在哪里举行?——我不确定。是在能容纳300人的大
礼堂吗？where作为 定语从句的地点状语；when充当定语从句中时间状语；what充当名词性从句中
的主语、宾语和标 语。此处作为先行词the hall的定语从句，这个定语从句中缺少主语，故用代词that
来充当。故选C。
10. B。本题意为：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我喜欢那种有可怕的怪物的电影。movies
复数名 词后面接have，故答案选B。
11. D。句意为：我哥哥上周拍的那张照片很好。先行词“the photo”是单数，定语从句中的谓语动
词用单数形式；由定语从句中的时间状语“last week”可知，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，故
选D。
12. A。 “The stone bridge”是定语从句的先行词，指物，在从句中作主语，关系词应用that，故选
A。
13. B。句意：—你为什么不喜欢钓鱼？ —钓鱼是需要很大的耐心的一种爱好，但我根本没有耐< br>心。who谁；that那；it它；what什么。先行词a hobby在定语从句中作主语，可以用关系代词
that代替，所以选B。
14. A。本题考查定语从句，先行词前有最高级修饰，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，故选择A。
15. C。句意：语言学习本身并不难。你的态度决定了你最终能否学好它。先行词是“The attitude”，
指物，在从句中作have的宾语，使用关系代词that或which，故选C。
16. B。本题考查定语从句，先行词为museums，关系代词在从句中做主语，故选B。
17. C。the new是先行词，指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which，故选C。
【用法讲解】
考试要求：
定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容，大部分地 区的中考只要求理解定语从句，但是部分地
区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查 ，但是理解定语从句的结构对于准
确理解句子的意思相当重要。
1. 定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
这是他为我生日送的礼物。
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
你认识来宴会的每一位吗？
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。
2. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
（1） who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。
（2） whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？
你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？
Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
你要见的李先生已经来了。
（3）whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
我认识他父亲是教授的那个男孩。
（4）which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
字典是一本解释单词意思的书。
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
这是老师昨天提到的那本书。
（5） that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.
我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
正在那儿读报纸的人是谁？
（6）when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
就在我离开那天他到得北京。
（7）where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
This is the house where we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的那个房子。
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的东边。