高中英语语法虚拟语气全总结

高中英语语法虚拟语气全总结

从句 主句
语
例句
+ If I had time, I would 与现在事实If + 主语+助动词的主
相反的假设 过去式（were, did, shouldwouldcouldmight+attend the meeting.
had） 动词原形 If I were you, I should
seize the opportunity to
go abroad.
与过去事实If +主语+had+过去主
相反的假设 分词
语If you had taken my
+shouldwouldcouldmight advice, you would not
+have+过去分词 have failed in the exam.
+ If you came tomorrow, we 与将来事实① If+主语+动词过主
相反的假设 去式
语
shouldwouldcouldmight+would have the meeting.
If it were to rain
tomorrow, we would put
语off the sports meeting.
If he should not come
tomorrow, we should put
off the meeting till
next Monday.
② If+主语+were 动词原形
to+动词原形
③ If+主
+should+动词原
形(注意不能是
would)


①错综时间条件句:
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被 称为错综时间
条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.

②if省略句
在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→Were I at school again, I would study harder.
如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.
→Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。



③用介词代替条件状语从句
常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：
What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
如果你有100万元，你会做什么？
We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we
hadn’t got your help)
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
= But for your help, …
= If it had not been for your help, …
= Had it not been for you help, …
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。

④含蓄条件句
有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。
如：
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
(副词)
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing
about it. (连词)
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从
句)
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output
quickly. (独立主格结构)



⑤even if, even though也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if 从句在虚拟语气中的形式
相同。



习题
1. If my lawyer＿＿＿here last Saturday, he＿＿＿me from going.
A. had been, would have prevented
B. had been, would prevent
C. were, would prevent
D. were, would have prevented

2. If it＿＿＿for the snow, we＿＿＿the mountain yesterday.

A. were not, could have climbed
B. were not, could climb
C. had not been, could have climbed
D. had not been, could climb

3. Without electricity(电) human life＿＿＿quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting, if she＿＿＿, she would have
met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it＿＿＿.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

6. He hesitated(犹豫) for a moment before kicking(踢) the ball. Otherwise he
＿＿＿a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

7. ＿＿＿right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A. Would she leave
B. If she leaves
C. Were she to leave
D. If she had left

8. Had he worked harder, he＿＿＿the exam.
A. must have got through
B. would have got through
C. would get through

D. could get through

9. He must have had an accident, or he＿＿＿then.
A. would have been here
B. had to be here
C. should be here
D. would be here

10. ＿＿＿for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
A. Not being
B. Had it not been
C. Without being
D. Not having been

11. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we＿＿＿him.
A. would have called
B. must have telephoned
C. would telephone
D. had telephoned



虚拟语气(1)复习题
＿＿＿ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give

2.＿＿＿ for your laziness(懒惰), you could have finished the
assignment(任务) by now.
A. Had it not been B. It were not C. weren’t it D. Had not it

been

I hadn’t stood under the ladder(梯子) to catch you when you fell,
you ＿＿＿ now.
A. wouldn’t be smiling B. couldn’t have smiled C. won’t smile
D. didn’t smile

it ＿＿＿ Professor Johnson’s recommendation(推荐), I wouldn’t
have been admitted to the graduate school(研究生学院).
A. were not for B. had not been for C. were not D. had it not
been

we do not develop a new kind of car, air pollution ＿＿＿ even
more dangerous.
A. should have become B. will become C. would have become D.
must have become

for the stormy weather, we ＿＿＿ earlier.
A. should arrive B. shall arrive C. should have arrived D. shall
have arrived

we ＿＿＿ their terms(条款，条件), we would go bankrupt(破产).
A. accept B. should accept C. had accepted D. are to accept

would never have gone to the hospital ＿＿＿ that Tom would be
there, too.
A. he did not know B. if had he known C. had he known D. he
would have known

he been more careful, he ＿＿＿ that accident.
A. would avoid B. would have avoided C. avoided D. should avoid

that he came to help me, I ＿＿＿ there earlier.
A. could not arrive B. could not have arrived C. did not arrive
D. can not arrive

could look more attractive(有魅力的，吸引人的) but she ＿＿＿
no attention to her clothes.
A. pays B. was paying C. paid D. had paid

I ＿＿＿ in his place, I would do that, too.
A. was B. were C. am D. had been


虚拟语气(2)——虚拟语气在名词从句中
1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command,
propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引 出的名词从句中，
名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主
句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should
可以省去。 （特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）
常见的这类动词有: ask要求, Our teacher suggested that we
advise, beg, suggest建议, command(should) not leave the classroom.
命令, demand要求，request请求, 老师建议我们不要离开教室。
insist, require要求, order下令, He insisted that she do it right
propose, advice, recommend, now. 他坚持她马上就做。
intend, prefer宁愿, permit,
persuade, expect, decide决定,
instruct, object, determine,

urge, appoint等等
It is suggested by the doctor that
在It iswas +上述动词的-ed形式I should give up smoking. 医生建
+that从句中 议我戒烟。
当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且My suggestion is that we (should)
被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者set out tomorrow morning. 我建议
同位语从句时 我们明早动身。
The suggestion that the sports
meeting (should) put off
2.
在It is was necessary, importantIt is necessary that you should
等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形attend the meeting. 你有必要参加
容词有:necessary, important, 会议。
essential,
urgent,
vital, advisable, It is imperative that you arrive
natural, there in time. 你必须按时到达那
儿。

在It is a pity (a shame, no It is a pity that you fail the
wonder)+that从句中 exam.
It is no wonder he be late for
class.

练习题
1.I insist that a doctor ＿＿＿ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent
for

manager of the hotel requests(要求) that their guests(客人们) ＿
＿＿ after 11:00 p.m..
desirable,
strange, imperative等

A. not to play loud music B. shouldn’t play loud music C. don’t
play loud music D. couldn’t play loud music

’s uncle insists ＿＿＿ in this hotel.
A. staying not B. not to stay C. that he would not stay D. that
he not stay

was essential(重要的) that the application forms(申请表) ＿＿＿
back before the headline(截止日期).
A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent

is necessary ＿＿＿ the dictionary immediately.
A. that he will return B. that he returned C. that he return D.
that he has to return

is proposed(建议) that the matter(事情，事件) ＿＿＿ discussed at
the next meeting.
A. will be B. was C. would be D. be

is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios ＿＿＿
after 11 o’clock at night.
A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not
play

are all for your proposal that the discussion ＿＿＿.
A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off

9.I don’t think it advisable(明智的，可取的，适当的) that Tom ＿＿＿
to the job since he has no experience.

A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been
assigned

is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from
the library ＿＿＿ back before the deadline(截止日期).
A. be sent B. would be sent C. were sent D. must be sent

insisted that his father ＿＿＿ with them.
A. go B. will go C. will be going D. went

workers demanded() that their wages() ＿＿＿ by 20 percent.
A. raised B. raise C. should have been raised D. be raised

the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new
bridge ＿＿＿ over the river.
A. be built B. must be built C. was to be built D. had to be
built

虚拟语气(3)——虚拟语气的其他用法




对现在的虚拟，从句的谓I wish I were a little
语动词用过去时 younger.我希望我能够
年轻一点。
对过去的虚拟，从句的谓I wish I had been
在wish后面的宾语从句
语动词用过去完成时there. 我真希望我当时
中
(had done)或在那里。
“wouldcould+现在完I wish I had not
成时” attended that party.
我真希望我当时没参加
那个聚会。

对将来的虚拟，从句的谓I wish he
what
could
he 语用“wouldcould+动词explain
原形”



在if only感叹句中
means.
表示“但愿”，“要是……If only the rain would
就好了”用法和wish基stop. (对将来的虚拟)
本相同，只是比wish具但愿雨能停。
有更强烈的感情色彩。 If only I were taller.
(对现在的虚拟)我的个
子要是能高一点就好了。
If only I had followed
your advice! (对过去
的虚拟)要是我听从了你
的建议就好了！







在as ifas though引
导的从句中
表示与现在事实相反或I really don’t like
对现在情况有所怀疑，谓the
语用过去时
way you are
speaking to me. It
seems as if you were
my father. 我真的非常
讨厌你和我说话的方式。
你听起来就好像是我爸
爸。
表示与过去事实相反，谓He kept telling us
语用过去完成时 what had happened as
if he had been there
himself. 他不停地和我
们讲发生的事情，好像他
当时在场一样。
有时也用陈述语气，这时It is becoming dark.
表示较大的真实性或可It looks as if it’s

能性 going to rain. 天变黑
了，似乎就要下雨了。
It seems as if he had
been to America. 他好
像去过美国。







would rather do sth. I would rather go
表示将来或现在的事件，there tomorrow. 我想
“主语宁愿自己做某事” 明天去那里。
He would rather not
stay at home tonight.
他今晚不想在家呆着。
would rather have done She would rather not
在would rather结构中
sth. 表示过去的事件，have gone to the
“主语宁愿自己过去做party. 她觉得真是不该
了某事，但实际上没有去参加那个晚会。
做”
would rather sb. Did Don’t come tomorrow.
表示的是将来或现在的I’d rather you came
事件，“主语宁愿让另外next weekend. 明天就
一个人做某事” 别来了，我希望你下周末
过来。
would rather sb. had I would rather you had
done 表示过去的事件，returned the book
“主语宁愿别人过去做yesterday. 我真希望你
了某事，但实际上没有昨天把这本书还了。
做”
在 It is (about, 从句中用过去时，表示早It is high time that
high) time+(that)从句该做而未做的事，并含有we began to work. 咱
中 建议的意味。 们应该开始干活了。

练习题
1.I wish I ＿＿＿ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see

only he ＿＿＿ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn’t
suffer(忍受痛苦) so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. shouldn’t lie

I wish every family ＿＿＿ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had

at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ＿＿＿ your advice.
A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed

didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he ＿＿＿ there.
A. had been B. has been C. would have been D. would be

6.I wish I ＿＿＿ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to
class.
A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept

wishes that he ＿＿＿ business instead of history when he was
in university.
A. had studied B. study C. studied D. had been studying

’s already five o’clock now. Do you think it’s about time ＿＿
＿ ?

A. we are going home B. we go home C. we went home D. we can go
home

9.“You are very selfish（自私）. It ‘s high time you ＿＿＿ that you
are not the most important person in the world,” Jim said to his boss
angrily.
A. realized B. have realized C. realize D. should realize

don’t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ＿＿＿ on
business first.
A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone

11.I’d rather you ＿＿＿ make any comment(评论) on the issue(问题)
for the time being(目前)
A. don’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. shouldn’t

’t you rather your children ＿＿＿ to bed early.
A. go B. went C. would go D. does

manager(经理) would rather his daughter ＿＿＿ in the same
office.
A. had not worked B. not to work C. dose not work D. did not
work

only the committee(委员会) ＿＿＿ the regulations(章程，规则，条
例) and put them into effect(使生效) as soon as possible.
A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve

15.I am sure she would rather you ＿＿＿ the bad news and ＿＿＿ your

sorrow(痛苦 with her.
A. will tell; share B. tell; share C. has told; shared D. had
told; shared

is high time that you ＿＿＿ a bath(洗澡，沐浴).
A. will take B. took C. had taken D. would take

said that she would rather not ＿＿＿ the problem in the
presence(在场) of so many strangers(陌生人).
A. to discuss B. discuss C. discussing D. discussion

18.I would rather you ＿＿＿ those important documents(文件) with you.
A. do not take B. did not take C. will not take D. not take