初中英语定语从句1关系代词引导定语从句讲解 练习及答案!9

初中英语定语从句1关系代词引导定语从句讲解 练习及答
案!9
定语从句1——关系代词引导的定语从句 一、 考点、热点回顾
【词汇辨析】
day & everyday
every day“每天”，作时间状语。everyday是形容词，“每天的，日常
的”。
eg: She learns some everyday English every day. 她每天学一些日常英
语。
He goes to bed late every day. 他每天睡觉很晚。
2. between & among
between 常用于表示两者之间，或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之
间
among一般指在三者或三者以上众多事物之中。
eg: Tom is between Ann and Mary. 汤姆在安和玛丽之间。
They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们一边等着一边互相
谈话
【固定搭配】to do doing
在英语中，有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词做宾语，
但意思不同 to do 忘记做某事 I’m sorry I forgot to post the
letter.
forget doing 做过某事忘了 I forgot telling him the news the other
day.

2. stop to do 停下来做某事 He stopped to talk to me when he saw me
in the street yesterday.
stop doing 停止做某事 Please stop talking loudly in the library.
to do 尽力做某事 I’ll try to get there before sunset. 我将尽
量在日落前赶到那里。
try doing 试着做某事 Why not try knocking at the back door? 为什么不
试一试敲后门, to do 遗憾地将做某事 I regret to say that I
can’t go with you.
regret doing 后悔做过某事 I regret missing such a good chance of
practising my spoken English.
【关系代词引导的定语从句】
(一)、定义:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句 中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从
句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格
whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用:1、引导
定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 (二)、关系代词引导的
定语从句
指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
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(2) The man whowhom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中
做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做
宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The people thatwho come to visit the city are all here. (在句子
中做主语)
(2) Where is the man thatwhom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book is yellow?
【总结】:
一、 关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如:

代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 who which that
宾语 whom,who which that
定语 whose(,of whom) whose(,of which)
is the doctor who came from London.
book which,that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.
3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
4. This is the room that,which Shakespeare was born in.
二、使用关系代词时应注意以下几点:
1(如果先行词是all， anything， something， nothing， everything，
little， none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如:All that are present burst into tears.
2(如果先行词被形容词最高级以 及first，last，any，only，few，much，
no，some，very等词修饰 ，关系代词常用that， 不用which。
例如:The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
2 3(which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句
所表示的整体概 念
或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数
情况下意 思与and this相
似。
例如:He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very
happy.
4(先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用that。

例如:The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
5(“介词，关系代词”可以引导限制性定语 从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从
句。此结构中的介词
可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，关系代
词常常只可用whom或which，不可用
that。
例如:The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， take care of
等固定短语动词，在定语从句
中一般不将介词与动词分开。
例如:This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二、 典型例题
( )1、 -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father,
-Yes， he‘s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
( )2、The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was
C. who; is D. who; was
( )3、Have you seen the film Titanic ___actors are very famous?
A who B whose C that D whom ( )4、Ann asked the policeman ___he
worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A with him B with whom C who D whom ( )5、A child ____parents are
dead is called an orphan.

A which B his C whose D with ( )6、This is the reason ______ he told
me.
A、that B、why C、on which D、for that
( )7、Do you know the scientist _______ gave us a talk just now?
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose ( )8、This is the dictionary
_______ Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom ( )9、Shaolin Temple ________ lies
in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and
abroad.
A. where B. which C. who D. what
( )10、—Do you know the girl _______ is standing under the tree?
—She is my little sister.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
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三、课后练习
( )1. Beijing is the 29th city _______ holds the Olympic Games.
A. where B. that C. which D. what ( )2. Have you read the book
_______ I gave you yesterday?
A. that B. when C. where
( )3. The man _______ came to our party with a present is my old
friend.
A. when B. which C. who
( )4. I like writers _______ write short stories.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who

( )5. This is the question _______ we are talking about now.
A. that B. who C. where D. when
( )6. —What are you looking for?
—I am looking for the book _______ I bought yesterday.
A. who B. which C. whose
( )7. Jack, there is someone in the office _______ would like to
speak with you.
A. who B. which C. whom
( )8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to
someone _______ works hard.
A. which B. C. whom D. who
( )9. Many young people prefer the songs _______ have great lyrics.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
( )10. Even teachers can’t understand some expressions _______
their students use in daily life.
A. whose B. who C. that D. whom ( )11. The bridge ____ a big ship
can go has been built.
A. under which B. under that
C. in which D. on which
( )12. The book ____ is torn is mine.
A. the cover of which B. the cover of that
C. which the cover D. whose cover of
( )13. He talked about the classmates and the school ____ he had
visited.

A. who B. that
C. which D. about which
( )14. You have seen the girl ____ sister is a Chinese teacher.
A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which ( )15. We should do all ____
is useful to people.
A. B. that C. it D. which ( )16. We came to a place ____ they had
never paid a visit before.
A. which B. in which
C. on which D. to which
( )17. Those ____ finished doing it put up your hands.
A. who have B. who has
C. which have D. have
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( )19. The man ____ was a friend of mine.
A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him
C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to ( )20. I
went to the school ____ my father once worked.
A. that B. which
C. where D. on which
( )21. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived in the
country with the farmers, _________has a
great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which
C. which; that D. when; who

( )22. The weather turned out to be very good, _______was more than
we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
( )23. Carol said the work would be done by October, ___ personally
I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which ( )24. Dorothy was always speaking
highly of her role in the play, ___ , of course, made the others
unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what ( )25. Have you seen the film

A. its B. it's C. whose D. which
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典型例题1B2C3b4b5c6a 7a8a9b10a 课后练习1B2A3D4D 5-9ABADA 10C
11解析:考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。基本常识:定语从句随意性 关系引导
词由搭配介词+whichwhom构成，先行词指人用前者，先行词指事物用后者。定
语从句引导词的判断方法为将先行词想方设法放入从句，使从句成为一个完整且有
先行词成分的陈述句 。 此句中，先行词为the bridge; 从句为a big ship can
go, 二者构成的完整句为 A big ship can go under the bridge.
因此， 答案为A
12 解析:考查定语从句随意性关系引导词以及所属关系引导词。 此句中先行
词为the book, 从句应为cover is torn, 二者构成的完整句为the cover of
the book is torn. 因此随意性关系引导词结构为the cover of which或所属关
系引导词结构whose cover. 因此，答案为A

13解析:考查先行词即指人又指物的定语从句相同 意思引导词。定语从句相同
意思引导词基本要点，无论限定性还是非限定性定语从句的主宾表引导词均为 相同
意思引导词。
先行词指事物的情况，用引导词which.此句中，先行词为the classmates
and the school， 从句为he had visited, 二者构成的完整句为He had visited
the classmates and the school. 所以不难发现先行词在限定性定语从句中作
visited的宾语使用，先行词既指人又指物。 因此，答案为B
14解析:考查定语从句所属关系引导词。此句先行词为the girl，定语从句为
sister is a Chinese teacher，二者构成的完整句为The girl's sister is a
Chinese teacher. 先行词的's所有格构成的所属关系结构在从句中作定语。因
此， 答案只能为C.
定语从 句固定关系引导词相关要点:先行词在定语从句中除作从句主宾表成分
以外的成分，均为相关意思引导词 ，其中包括固定关系引导词和随意性关系引导
词。固定关系引导词只有when(时间关系)，wher e(地点关系)，why(先行词为the
reason,原因关系)whose(所属关系，包括's所有格关系和of 所有格关系，由
whose修饰的名词成分前不能用冠词成分，whose应为名词的前置性定语成分);随
意性关系 引导词为相关搭配介词+whichwhom构成的引导词结构充当。
15解析:考查限定性定语从句中先行词为不定代词的相同意思引导词。 此句中
先行词all为不定代词，从句为is useful to people，从句缺主语， 二者构成
的完整句为All is useful to people.为了便于理解，All =All the things
everything.所以从句的完整句还可以写成Everything is useful to people; 或
All the things are useful to people. 因此，答案为B
16解析:考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。此句先行词为a place, 从句为
they had never paid a visit before, 二者构成的完整句为They had never

paid a visit to the place before. 因此，答案为D。此句的可转换概念进行相
同意思引导词的考查，题干为We came to a place _____ they had never
visited before. 其答案可以为whichthat省略引导词。
17解析:考查为指示代词在从句中作主语的指代分 析以及引导词的数量。此句
中，those为定语从句的先行词，相当于those studentsclerks, finished
diong it为定语从句成分，从句缺主语以及谓语动词的完成时态助动词。主语指
人，用一般引导词who, 引导词数量与先行词一致为复数。 因此， 答案为A
19解析:考查完整的定语从句。此句中先行 词在从句中作介词宾语，先行词相
同意思用引导词充当， 先行词指人。因此，答案为A
20解析:考查定语从句相关意思引导词。此句先行词the school, 定语从句my
father once worked,二者构成的完整句o为My father once worked in the
school. in the school可以用固定关系引导词中的地点关系引导词where表示,
也可以用随意性关系引导词 in which表示。 因此，答案为C
21 解析:前一空考查定语从句相关意思引导词;后一 空考查定语从句整句先行
词相同意思引导词。前一定语从句的完整句为I lived in the country with the
farmers those years. 先行词在从句中作 非主宾表成分，先行词与时间相关。后
一定语从句的完整句在理解基础上的意思转换为The experience has a great
effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the
farmers those
years。所以为整句先行词在从句中作主语。 因此，答案为B
22解析:考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定语从句在意思理解基础上的完整句为This natural phenomenan was more than we could
expect. This natural phenomenan= The weather turned out to be very good.

因此，答案为B 23 解析:考查定语从句整句先行词在从句中作宾语。 非限定性定
语从句的完整句为Personly I doubt that the work would be done
by October very much. 因此， 答案为D
24解析:考查非限定性定语从句整句先行词在从句中作主语。非限定性定语从
句完整句为It made the others unhappy that
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play.
It=Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play. 在从句中
构成形式主语与真实主语关系。因此，答案为B
25 解析:非限定性定语从句引导词考点， 先行词the film，放入从句为The
leading actor of the film is world famous, 先行词放入从句为of所有格作后
置性定语，用相关意思引导词中的所属关系引导词。 答案为C
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