清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案

清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案

清华大学博士考试英语试题及答案

Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)(略）Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)

Directions:

There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four

choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and

then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through

the

center.21.

The__________of

the

spring

water

attracts

a

lot

of

visitors

from

other

parts of the country.A. clash

B. clarify

C. clarity

D. clatter22. Business in this area has

been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperous

B. secretive

C. slack

D. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a

sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plight

B.

polarization

C. plague

D. pigment24. He added a__________to

his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidency

B.

prestige

C.

postscript

D.

preliminary25.

Some

linguists

believe

that the__________age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A.

optimistic

B.

optional

C.

optimal

D.

oppressed26.

It all started in

1950,

when people

began to build their houses on the__________of

their cities.A. paradises

B. omissions

C. orchards

D.

outskirts27.

The

meeting

was__________over

by

the

mayor

of

the

city.A.

presumed

B. proposed

C. presented

D. presided28. The

crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrew

B. overthrew

C. overpassed

D. overflew29. It was clear that the

storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retarded

B. retired

C. refrained

D. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first, for

it takes__________over all the other issues.A. precedence

B. prosperity

C. presumption

D. probability31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed

that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrent

B. transient

C. tensile

D. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with

this__________idea about the trip.A. weary

B. twilight

C.

unanimous

D. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly

without any protection.A. wink

B. withhold

C. wither

D. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start

next week according to their academic performance.A. segregation

B.

specification

C. spectrum

D. subscription35.

He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening. A. repealed

B. resented

C. relayed

D. reproached36. Any

earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a

__________event.A. cholesterol

B. charcoal

C.

catastrophic

D. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the

two__________to tie the box.A. segments

B. sediments

C. seizures

D. secretes38. All the music instruments in the

orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilized

B. chattered

C. chambered

D. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to

occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be__________.A. commenced

B.

compressed

C.

compromised

D.

compensated40.

She

made

two

copies

of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationally

B. simultaneously

C. strenuously

D. simplyPart Ⅲ

Reading

Comprehension (40%)

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each

passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them

there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice

and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer ons 41 to 45 are

based on the following passage:Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink

ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison.

Finding

safe

drinking

water

in

that

country

can

be

a

problem.

However,

International

Development

Enterprises has a low-cost

answer.

This non- governmental organization

has developed technology to harvest around the world have been

harvesting

rainwater

for

centuries.

It

is

a

safe,

dependable

source

of

drinking

water.

Unlike

ground

water,

rainwater

contains

no

minerals

or

salts

and

is

free

of

chemical

treatments. Best of all, it is rainwater harvesting system created by

International

Development

Enterprises

uses

pipes

to

collect

water

from

the

tops

of

buildings.

The

pipes

stretch

from

the

tops

of

buildings

to

a

two-meter

tall

storage

tank

made

of

metal.

At

the

top

of

the

tank

is

a

so-call

ed

-

flush”device

made

of

wire

screen.

This

barrier

prevents

dirt

and

leaves

in

the

water

from

falling

inside

the

tank.A

fitted

cover

sits

over

the

“first

-

flush”

device.

It

protects

the

water

inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from

laying eggs in the the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects

the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold

grains.

The

two

bags

are

supported

inside

the

metal

tank.

All

total,

the

water

storage

system can hold up to three-thousand- five-hundred liters of water. International

Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to

three

years.

However,

if

the

bags

are

not

damaged

by

sunlight,

they

could

last

even

ational Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system

should

be

built

on

a

raised

structure

to

prevent

insects

from

eating

into

it

at

the

bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty

dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop

over

time.

The

group

says

one

tank

can

provide

a

family

of

five

with

enough

rainwater

to survive a five- month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a

safe source of drinking water.A. ground water

B. rainwater

C.

drinking

water

D.

fresh

water42.

Which

of

the

following

contributes

to

the

low-cost

of

using

rainwater?

A.

Rainwater

is

free

of

chemical

treatments.B.

People

have

been

harvesting

rainwater

for

centuries.C.

The

water

harvesting

system

is

built

on

a

platform.D.

Rainwater

can

be

collected

using

pipes.43.

Which

of

the

following

actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?A. a barrier

B.

a

wire

screen

C.

a

first-flush

D.

a

storage

tank44.

The

bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insects

B. a fitted cover

C. a first-flush device

D. sunlight45. What should

be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the

bottom?A.

The

two

bags

holding

the

water

should

be

put

inside

the

metal

tank.B.

The

inner

bags

need

to

be

replaced

every

two

years.C.

The

water

harvesting

system

should

be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating

ons 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Where one stage of child

development

has

been

left

out,

or

not

sufficiently

experienced,

the

child

may

have

to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for

example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or

toy

railway

train

up

to

any

age

if

he

still

needs

to

do

so.

This

principle,

in

fact,

underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their

development,

and

is

the

basis

of

work

in

child

beginnings

of

discipline

are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for

food,

to

sleep

and

wake

at

regular

intervals

and

so

on.

If

the

child

feels

the

world

around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms

himself

to

conforming

to

its

demands.

Learning

to

wait

for

things,

particularly

for

food,

is

a

very

important

element

in

upbringing,

and

is

achieved

successfully

only

if

too

great

demands

are

not

made

before

the

child

can

understand

parent

watches

eagerly

the

child's

acquisition

of

each

new

skill―the

first

spoken

words,

the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often

tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up

dangerous feeling of

failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen

at any stage. A baby

might be forced

to use a toilet

too

early, a young

child might

be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads.

On

the

other

hand,

though,

if

a

child

is

left

alone

too

much,

or

without

any

learning

opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new

things for ng together is a fruit source of relationship between

children

and

parents.

By

playing

together,

parents

learn

more

about

their

children

and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and

children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation.

Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good s vary

greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some

may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming

home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the

controls

imposed

represent

the

needs

of

the

parents

and

the

values

of

the

community

as much as the child's own happiness and well- being.46. The principle underlying

all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.

A. is to send

them

to

clinicsB.

offers

recapture

of

earlier

experiencesC.

is

in

the

provision

of

clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently

experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for

foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the

rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and

friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can

never

be

taken

too

farB.

should

be

left

to

school

teachersC.

will

always

assist

their

developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles

are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not

very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for

parent-child cooperation50.

Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be

avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed

to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following

passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who

aren't

Jewish.

Nearly

480,

000

American

children

under

the

age

of

ten

have

one

Jewish

and

one

non-Jewish

parent.

And,

if

a

survey

compiled

by

researchers

at

the

University

of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of

these

children

will

not

identify

themselves

as

“Jewish”

when

they

get

survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and

their

parents'

religious

identities.

Ninety-three

percent

of

those

with

two

Jewish

parents

said

they

thought

of

themselves

as

Jewish.

But

when

the

father

wasn't

Jewish,

the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent

of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just

how

low

the

Jewish

identification

was

in

these

mixed

marriage

families.”

Linda

Sax

is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted

over the course of more

than a decade and

wasn't actually about religious identity