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高中英语虚拟语气用法复习总结
虚拟语气的用法总结
语气
:语气是动词的一中形式,它表
示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
语气的种类:
(
1
)陈述语气
表示动作或状态是现实的,确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句,
疑问句和
某些感叹句。如
We are ready. What a fine day it
is!
(
2
)祈使语气
表示说话人的建议,请求,邀请,命令等。如
Open the door, Please.
应注意
以下几点:
1.
主语通常是第二人称
you
,但多不出现,动词用原形,否定用
do not
或者
don
'
t
加动词
原形(或
be
)
如
Be careful next
time. Don
'
t smoke here.
2.
有时为了强调,主语也可以出现,而且可以是第三人称,
谓语动词不加
-s
或
者
-es
如
You be quiet. He stand up.
3.
祈使语气可以用
do
加强语气
如
Do come to see
this Sunday.
4.
在
Let
'
的
s
祈使句后,疑问部分通常用
shall we
;在
Let us
后,疑问部分用
will you
如
Let
'
gso out for
a walk after supper
,
shall we? /Let us clean our classroom,
will you?
5.
祈使句与连词
and
连用时相当于一个条件句,而
and
之后则是表示结果。如
Think
hard
and you will have a good idea.
(
3
)虚拟语气
表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,
假设或推
测等。如
If I were you, I should study
English.
一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法
条件
句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,
也就是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。如
If it doesn
'
t
rain tomorrow, we will go
to the park.
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,
或将来不大可能发生的,
则是虚拟条
件句。如
If he had
seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about
i
在
t.
含有虚
拟条件句的复合句
中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气,列表如下:
从句(条件
句)
主句(结果句)
1 /
10
高中英语虚拟语气用法复习总结
1
)
动词过去式
Should
Would +
动词原形
Could
Might
与现在事实相反的假
设
2
)
Be
一
般
用
were
Should
与过去事实相反的假
设
Had +
分词
Would + have+
过去分
词
Could
Might
与将来事实相反的假
1
)
should+
动词原
设或实现的可能性很
形
小
2
)
were to+
动词原
Should
Would +
动词原形
Could
Might
形
例如:
If he were here, everything would be
all right.
If her mother
had taken the doctor
'
s
advice, she would/might have got well earlier.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the match
would be canceled.
有时候省略
if
,采用局部倒装语序。
把
had
/should/were
等动词(不包括行为动
词)移到
从句的句首
。例如:
Were it to
rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.
Had it not been for the storm, we would
have arrived in time.
Should the earth
stop running, what would happen?
二
.
错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,
这时需要根据意思采用表示
不同时间
的动词形式来进行调整。
If she had taken the doctor
'
s advice, she might still
be alive.
If I were you, I would have
accepted their terms.
2 / 10
高中英语虚拟语气用法复习总结
三.含蓄条件句
1.
有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来,而是通过介词短语来表示。
如
Without
air
(
If there were no
air
)
, there would be no
living things.
But for your help
(
If it hadn
'
t been for your
help
)
, I couldn
'
t have done it.
2.
假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。
I
would go abroad for further study but that I am
poor.
I was ill that day. Otherwise I
would have taken part in the party.
3.
表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。
(
1
)省去条件从句
You could have washed your clothes
yourself.
(你本可以自
己洗衣服
的。)省去了
If you had wanted
to
。(事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你
不想洗。)
(
2
)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)
If my grandmother were with me!
(
如果我的祖
母和我
在一起多好啊!
)
事实是:祖母已不在世。
四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
① “
wis
宾
h+
语从句
”表示不可能实现的愿望,
汉语可译为
“可惜
??
、悔不该
??
、
但愿
??
”。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;
表示将来不可能实现的愿
望用
“
would/could+
动词原形
”;
表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用
“<
/p>
had+
过去分词
”。
如:
I wish I were better-looking.
要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。
I
wish I had met the film star just now.
我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊!
I wish I would be a solider.
我想当一名军人。
【考例】
How I wish
every family
A. has
B. had
a large house with a beautiful garden!
上
(
海
2002
春
)
C.
will have D. had had
答案】
B
①
在表示建议、要求、愿望、命令、坚持、想法
(advise, command,
demand, decide, desire,
3 /
10
高中英语虚拟语气用法复习总结
insist, order, prefer, propose,
request, require,
suggest)
等动词后面的宾语从
句,或这些动词的
同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中,从句谓语用
“
should
动<
/p>
+
词原形”,其中在
美国英语中,
should
常省略。如:
The young man insisted that I (should)
go with his fellows.
这个年轻人坚持要我同
他的同伴们
一起去。
The doctor advised that he change his
job.
医
生建议他换工作。
【考例】
Teachers
recommend parents their children under 12 to ride
bicycles to school for
safety.
(
福建
2010)
A. not allow
B. do not allow
C. mustn
'
t allow
D. couldn
'
t allow
【答案】
A
。
①
在
would rather
后的宾
语从句中,谓语常常用过去时来表示现在或将来的情况,
用过去
完成时表示过去的情况。如:
—
Shall I open
the window?
我可以把窗户打开吗
?
—
I
'
d rather you didn
我觉得
'
还
t.
是不要。
【考例】
George is
going to talk about the geography of his country,
but I
on its culture.
(
江苏
2010)
A. focus
B. focused
more
'
d rather he
C. would focus D. had focused
【答案】
B
。
①
在
It is +
形容词
(important, necessary,
good, right, wrong, better, natural, proper,
funny,
strange, surprising)
+that
从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用
“
(should)+
动词原
形”的结构。
如:
It is natural that she (should) do so.
很自然她应该这样做。
【考例】
—
Don
'
t you think
it necessary that he to Miami but to New
York?
4 / 10
高中英语虚拟语气用法复习总结
—
I agree, but
the problem is
he has refused to.
江
(
苏
2005
)
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
D.
should not send; what
C. should not be
sent;
what
答案】
B
。
五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用
1.
if only
的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
if
only
与
I wish
一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所接虚拟语气的时
态与
wish
后所接时态的情况相同。如:
If
only the player had had more courage!
这位选手再多有一些勇气就好了。
If only Daisy would go with me!
黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了
!
考例】
Look at the
trouble I am in! If only I
A. followed
C. had followed
your advice.
(
上海
2003
春
)
B. would follow
D. should
follow
【答案】
C
。
2.
as if (as
though)
方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
as if (as though)
引导的方式状语从句可用
陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。
(1) as if
从句用陈述语气的情况。
当说话者所
述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在
的事实时。如:
It sounds as if it is raining.
听起来像是在下雨。
(2) as
if
从句用虚拟语气的情况。
当说
话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。
从句虚
拟语气动词时态的形式如下:
①
从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。如:
He
talks as if he knew where she was.
他说话的样子,好像他知道她在哪里似的。
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