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人教版高二英语必修六语法点の虚拟语气
人教版高二英语必修六语法点の虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设
。该语法主要用于
if
条件状语从句。
一、
if
引导的条件状语从句的分类及
虚拟条件句的判断
1
、可以把条件句分为两类：
1).
真实条件句：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句
。例如：
(1)
、
If I have
time, I will help you with this work.
如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
(2)
、
If time
permits, we’ll
go fishing together. (
如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。
）
2).
虚拟条件句：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句
。例如：
⑴、
If I were
you, I would have attended the meeting.
如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。
⑵、
If he had come here
yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.
假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。
(3)
、
If it had
rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。
）
2
、
if
条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实
条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意<
/p>
思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件
不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况：
①
与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
3
、
“
后退一步法
”
后
退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，
按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句
谓语动词的时态。
即：
在非真实条件状
语从句中，
谓语动词按正常情况
“
后退
一步
”
。
也就是：
①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词
would, should,
could
等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：
(1)
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have
told you about it.
我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would
have met Mr. Li.
如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
(2)
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free, he would help us.
要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would
know you well.
如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3)
与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University,
he would make full use of his time.
如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell
us about it.
如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
例题分析：
1
、
—
If
he __________
，
he __________
that food.
—
Luckily he was
sent to the hospital immediately.
A.
was warned
，
would not take
C. would be
warned
，
had not taken
此题应选
B
。
该题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语
气：
此时条件从句的谓语用
had+
过去分词，
主句的谓语用
would(should
，
could
，
might)+have+
过去分词。
B. had been
warned
，
would not
have taken D. would have been
warned
，
had not taken
2
、
If
he was here
，
he __________ us
how to do it.
A. told
此题应选
B
。该题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语动词用过去式，
主句的谓语则要用
would (shoul
d
，
could
，
might)+
动词原形。
3
、
If
we __________ 200 years
old
，
we __________
everything.
A. were to
be
，
could change
C. were
，
would
have changed
此题
应选
A
。该题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，此时的主句谓语
通常用
would(should
，
c
ould
，
might)
＋动词原形<
/p>
1.
If she had worked harder
，
she
__________.
A. would succeed
C. should succeed
B. had succeeded D. would have
succeeded B. had
been
，
changed
D. should
be
，
changed
B. would tell C. had told
D. have told
2. If my lawyer ________
here last Saturday
，
he
_________ me from going.
A. had been;
would have prevented
B.
had been; would prevent
C.
were;
would
D.
were;
would
have
prevented
3.
I didn
’
t see your sister at
the meeting. If she
__________
，
she would have
met my brother.
A. has come
B.
did come
C.
came
D. had come
4. You didn
’
t let
me drive. If we ________ in
turn
，
you__________ so tired.
A. drove; didn
’
t
get
B. drove;
wouldn
’
t get
C.
were driving; wouldn
’
t get
D.
had driven; wouldn
’
t have
got
答案：
1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D
二、使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：
１．
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主
句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，
被称为：
错综时
间条件句
“
，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间
作出相应的调整．
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动
作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：
If I
had worked hard at school, I would be
an engineer, too.
如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not
come here now.
如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
If you had followed my advice , you
would be better now.
如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了。
If you had studied hard before, you
would be a college student now.
如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：
If he were free today, we would have
sent him to Beijing.
如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted
her.
要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，
而主句的动作与现在正在发生的
情况相反。
如：
If it
had not been raining too much, the
crops would be growing much better.
如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would
be working in the office now.
要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
2
、当虚
拟条件句的谓语动词含有
were, should, had
时，
if
可省略，而将
were,
should,
had
等
词置于句首。如：
Were I at school again, I would study
harder.
Had you come earlier, you would
have met him.
Should it rain tomorrow,
we would not go climbing.
Should he agree to go there, we would
send him there.
要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learned about computers, we
would have hired him to work here.
如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。
3
、有时
，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it.
他本该完成了。
You could
have passed this exam.
你应该会通过这次考试了。
②省略主句
If I were
at home now.
要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it.
要是我得到它了该多好啊。
三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1
．英语中，一个坚持
insist;
两个命令
order,
command
;
三条建议
suggest
,
advise,
propose;
六项要求
demand, request,
require, ask; urge, desire + (that) sb. (should)
do sth.
如：
The
teacher advised that we should make good use of
every minute here.
老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve
the people with our heart and soul.
党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
注意
:
当
i
nsist
的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；
suggest
的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，
宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。<
/p>
【
suggest
表暗示
,
表明时
insist
表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气】
如：
Tom insisted
that he hadn
’
t stolen the
watch.
汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had
succeeded in this exam.
他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
2. believe, expect, suspect, think, ima
gine
等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语
气。
其虚拟语气的结构为：
should +
原形动词。如：
Can you
believe that he should kill a tiger?
你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？
Can you imagine that he should take the
first place in the long jump contest?
你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？
3.
英
语中，
wish
之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可
能实现的愿望，常用虚拟
语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
例如：
I wish I learnt English well.
我希望我已学好了英语。
I
wish I had been there with them last week.
我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
He
wishes we could go and play games with him.
他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
I
wish it were spring here all the year round.
但愿这里四季如春。
I wish
I hadn
’
t wasted so much
time.
但愿当初不该浪费这么多时间就好了。
例题：
I
wish you __________ him my telephone
number
，
but you did.
A. didn
’
t give B.
hadn
’
t given C.
wouldn
’
t give
D. shouldn
’
t give
此题应选
B
。
I
wish
后接宾语从句时，谓语有三种可能：
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