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八年级英语上册unit4

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2021-03-03 23:23
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2021年3月3日发(作者:tetra)



























Unit4. He said I was hard- working





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Unit4. He said I was hard-working




学习目标




1.


掌握重点单词及词组



2.


理解并掌握直接引语变间接引语




重点难点




直接引语变间接引语




一.基础知识回顾






过去进行时




1


构成






①过去 进行时由“助动词


be


的过去式(


wa s/were



+


动词的现在分词”构 成,其中


was


用于第一、三人称单数,


were


用于第二人称单、复数和其他人称复数。






肯定句:


“主语


+was/ were +v.-ing.







否定句:


“主语


+was/were not +v.-ing







一般疑问句:



Was/ Were +


主语


+v.-ing





特殊疑问句:

“疑问词(组)


+was/ were +


主语


+v.-ing?



2.


时间状语






用于过去进行时的时间状语有:


this time yesterday


“昨天的这个时候”




at that time


“在


那时”等。






eg. They were reading English at seven yesterday morning.


昨天早上七点钟他们在读英语。




3.


基本用法




①表示过去某时刻正在进行或持续进行的动作。




eg. They were playing football at 8:30 last Sunday.


上个星期天的八点三十分他们在踢足球。






②表示过去某一时间段正在进行或持续的动作。






was watching TV from 7:00 to 8:30 last night.





昨晚七点到八点三十分她在看电视。



③表示一动作发生时,另一动作正在进行。






eg. She was reading a book when I knocked at the door.


当我敲她的门时,


她正在读一本书。



④表示两动作同时正在进行,用


while

连接,强调同时性。






eg. My mother was cooking, while my father was washing clothes yesterday morning.





昨天上午我父亲洗衣服时,我母亲正在做饭。



二.单词




1.


.


①很生气的;气氛的



eg. He got mad and walked out.


他大动肝火,愤然离去。



②对



狂热;着迷



eg. He is mad about music.


他对英语着了迷。



常用于


be mad about sth; be mad with/ at sb. for sth.


等结构中



eg. Bill was mad at her for cheating him.


比尔很生她的气,因为她欺骗了他。




2.


message. n.


消息;信息;口信



eg. Would you like to leave a massage for her?


你想要留一个口信给她吗?



leave a message


“留口信”



take a message for sb.


“替某人捎口信”




send / give a message to sb.


“捎个口信给某人”




3.


nervous. adj.


神经紧张的;不安的



eg. I felt very nervous when I went into his office.


当我走进他的办公室时,我感到很紧张。



扩展:


be/get/ feel nervous about/ at sth.


因为某事而心中忐忑不安




4.


true



adj.


符合事实的;真实的



eg. It is true that he went to Brazil.


他去了巴西是事实。



扩展:


truly. adv.


真正地;确切地



eg. That



s a truly wonderful plan.


那是一项真正绝妙的计划。



truth. n.


真相,经常与动词


tell, speak, say


等连用



eg. It is better to tell/ speak/ say/ the truth.


说实话为好。




5.


danger. n.


危险




其反义词为


safety.


eg. In the war, life is full of danger for everyone.


在战争中,每个人的生命都充满了危险。



in danger


指“自身处于危险之中”



out of danger.


指“脱离危险”



6


.suppose


是及物动词 ,


“猜想;以为;认为”


。常见用法:




suppose sb/ sth to be


“猜测”



eg. I suppose him to be a workman, but he was a thief in fact.





我以为他是个工人,其实他是个小偷。




suppose +that


意为“认为;猜想”



eg. Let



s suppose that he is telling the truth.


让我们假定他说的是实话。




be supposed to do sth.


认为



应该;认为


…< /p>


必要



eg. You



re not supposed to play football on Sundays.


你们不许在星期日踢足球。




7.


want. want


是及物动词,意为“想要;要”


,其常见用法以下:


①后接名词或代词作宾语。



eg. I want something to eat.


我想要些吃的东西。






I want a cup of tea.


我想要杯茶。






Do you want this one or that one?


你想要这一个还是那一个?



②后接动词不定式作宾语



eg. I want to buy some grapes.


我想买些葡萄。






Someone wants to see you, sir.


有人想见你,先生。



③后接复合宾语。



eg. He wants me to go with him.


他想让我和他一起去。






They want her to sing a song.


他们想让他唱首歌。



三.短语




1.


do well in


“在



方面做得好”相当于

< br>be good at,


其后接名词、代词或动名词。







eg. He does well in writing. =He is good at writing.


他擅长写作




2.


in good health


“身体健康”



in bad health


“身体不健康”







eg. He is in good health.


他身体健康。







be in good health = be healthy



3.


be better at







be better at



be good at


的比较级,


at


是介词,其后一般接名词或动名词。







eg. I



m better at math than English


和英语相比,我更擅长数学










Alice is better at listening than reading. Alice


的听力比阅读好。




4.


have a favor





帮个忙 ”



favor


是名词,



“恩惠;


善行”


的意思,


其形容词为



favorite




意思为“最喜欢的”


do sb. a favor


“帮个忙”







eg. I have a favor to ask you.


我想求你帮个忙。










I have some favors to ask you.


我有一些事请你帮忙。




5.


work on.






①从事(某项工作、活动)


;忙于



.


此时,


on


是介词,后接名词。






eg. Bill is working on a maths problem.





②继续工作。此时,


on


是副词,意为“继续”







eg. The farmer worked on till sunset.


那位农民一直干到日落。



短语归纳:


watch soap operas


看肥皂剧






have a surprise party


举办一个令人惊喜的晚会



be/ get mad at




恼火;生气









not anymore/ any more


不再



first of all


首先;起初






pass on this message to sb.


把这个消息传递给某人



work on a homework project


做家庭作业




be supposed to do sth.


被期望或被要求做




be good at



擅长做









do well in





.


方面做得好



be sorry to do sth


很抱歉做某事










have a cold


感冒





have a bad cold


重感冒



be in good health


身体健康






end-of-year exams


期末考试




get/be nervous


神经紧张的



get my report card


收到成绩单






forget doing sth.


忘了做过某事



forget to do sth.


忘记去做某事






start a bad/ good habit


养成坏


/


好习 惯



get over


克服






change one



s life


改变某人的生活






sound like


听起来像



in a poor mountain village


在一个贫穷的山村







at first


起初






open up


打开



make sb. feel sick


使某人感到不舒服






three times a day


一天三次




agree with /


同意



care for


照顾,关心,照管















both



and



两者都;既





wild animals in danger


濒危野生动物








三.近义词辨析




1.


look, see, watch



read







look


为不及物动词,强调看的动作,其后接宾语时,一定要加介 词


at.





eg. Look! The little boy is looking at a tiger.


瞧!那个小男孩正在看一只老虎。







see


为及物动词,强调看的结果,后直接跟宾语。






eg. I looked but saw nothing.


我看了,但是什么也没看到。






固定短语:


see the doctor


看医生






see a film


看电影







watch


为及物动词,


“看电视,看比赛”习惯上用这个词。






eg. They are going to watch a football match.


他们打算去看一场足球赛


.






rea d.


表示“看书、看报、看信、看杂志”






eg. I



m going to go to bed and read.


我要上床看书去。




2.


hope



wish






hop e


的用法有两种:


hope to do sth.



hope+


宾语从句,不能用“


hope sb. to do sth.




表达。






eg. I hope to finish my homework in an hour.


我希望在一小时内写完家庭作业。







wis h


后面接不定式或


“宾语


+

< p>
不定式”都可以,


其意义相当于


“想要”


“希望”



=would

like



want


< p>


Wish



that< /p>


从句时一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的


“愿望”




hope


表示的是可以实 现或能达到的“希望”







eg. I wish to place an order right now.


我想马上订购。









I wish him to make progress.


我希望他取得进步。









I wish I could fly like a bird.


但愿我能像鸟儿一样飞翔。


(该句为虚拟语气,从句中的


could


表示动作不可能实现 ,这里不能用


can.








wish


可以表示良好的“祝愿”


,后面接 “宾语


+


宾补(形容词或名词)



,而


hope


不能


这样用。






eg. I wish you happy.

< p>
祝你幸福。


(不能用


hope



We wish you a safe journey.


我们祝你一路顺风



注意:在简略句中,如要表示希望某事不会发生,应该说


I hope not,


而不说


I don



t hope so.



3.


above. on. over.



up







above


表示“高于;在



之上”


,表示一物处于另一物体更高的位置 ,但不一定在正


上方。








eg. We were flying above the clouds.


我们飞行在云层之上。








over


表示“在



的正上方”


,但不接触,与


under


相对。








eg. Mike held a large umbrella over my head. Mike


在我头上撑起了一把大伞。








on


表示“在



上 面”


,指一个物体在另一个物体的表面上,即相互接触,与


be neath


相对。








eg. There are many books on the desk.


书桌上有很多书








up


作介词用时,


表示动作的方向,


意思是


“沿



往上;


沿



向上”



它的反义词是


down.







eg. Look! The boy is running up the tree.










看!那个男孩正往树上爬。




4.


hope



wish







hope


用作动词时,后面可接不定式或


t hat


从句,但不能接“宾语


+


不定式 ”








eg. We hope to see you again. (We hope we can see you again)


我希望能再次见到你。








wish


后面接不定式或


“宾语

< p>
+


不定式”


都可以,


其意 义相当于


“想要”


“希望”



=would


like


< br>want



.wish



that


从句时一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”


,而


hope


表示的是可以实现或能达到的“希 望”









eg. I wish to place an order right now.


我想马上订购。











I wish him to make progress.


我希望他取得进步。











I wish I could fly like a bird.


但愿我能像鸟儿一样飞翔。


(该句为虚拟语气,从句中



could


表示动作不可能实现,这里不能用


can












I hope he can do that.


我希望他能干那件事。

< br>(本句表示有可能实现的一种希望,


can


不能用


could


代替)









wish


可以表示良好的“祝愿”


,后面接“宾语


+


宾补(形容词或名词)



,而


hope


不 能


这样用。







eg. I wish you happy.


祝你幸福。


(不用


hope








④在简略句中,如要表示希望某事不会发生,应该说


I hope not,


而不说


I don



t hope so.


< /p>



5.


bring



take







bri ng


“带来,拿来,取来”


,指从别处把某人或某物带到或拿到 说话者所在的地点。








eg. Next time don



t forget to bring me a copy of your work.











下次不要忘了带一份您的作品给我。







tak e


“带去;


拿走”


< br>和


bring


相反,


指从说话者 所在的地方把某人或某物带去或拿走。








eg. Remember to take the umbrella with you because it is raining outside.











记得带上伞,因为外面正在下雨。




6.


say



speak







speak


作及物动词时,意为“说某种语言;说某人好、坏话”


;作不及物动词时,意为


“发表讲话;对某人说话”








eg. The students speak English very fluently.


这些学生英语说得非常流利。







speak


的习惯用语


:








generally speaking


一般而言










frankly speaking


坦白地说







strictly speaking


严格地说












not to speak of


且不说,更不用说







eg. Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.










一般而言,男人比女人强壮。








say


是及物动词,

指说某句话或某件事,


强调说话的内容,


后接直接引语或宾 语从句,



say


与从句之间不能直接 接人称代词或名词。







eg. She said




I love you.


”她说:


“我爱你”










My watch says 10:00


我的表是


10


点整。




8.

< p>
first,



first of all








first


“首先;第一;第一次;第一个”


,多用于说明顺序,可作定语、状语、表语或


宾语。







eg. It



s the first time for me to go abroad.


这是我第一次出国。







first of all



fir st


作状语的强调说法,意为“首先,第一”








first of all


(首先) →


then


(然后)→


finally


(最后)等,用来表示事物发生的先后顺


序,也可以使文章上下 衔接自然。







eg. First of all, I must finish my work.


首先,我必须完成我的工作。




9.


pass



p ass on







pass


这个动作可以跟双宾语。


pass sth. to sb.=pass sb. sth.


“将某物传给某人”








eg. He passed a book to me =He passed me a book.


他递给我一本书。








pass on the passage


“把消息传过去”









pass on


“把



传给另一个;转移”







eg. Please pass the book on one by one.


请大家传阅这本书。



四.句子解析




1.


You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it



.


你应该今天 早上在公共汽车站见面并把它还了




return


为动词,①意为“归还”


,相当于


give back,


常用短语


return sth. to sb.



②动词,


“回来”的意思。


return


to


someplace


“返回某地”相当于


go/


come


back


to


someplace.


eg. Please return the pen to Tom.


请把这支钢笔还给汤姆。






Can you return again? =Can you come back again?


你能再回来吗?



注意:


return=go/ come/give back ,


因而


return


不与


back


连用。




2.


I finished my end-of-year exams last week and got my report card today.






上周我结束了年终考试,今天我得到了我的成绩单。





finish


后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。



eg. He finished (doing) the hard job.


他完成了那项艰难的工作。




report card


成绩单




3.


I


had


a


really


hard


time


with


science


this


semester,


and


I


wasn



t


surprised


to


find


that


my


worst report was from my science teacher.


这学期 我的科学课学的确实很吃力,所以我不


吃惊来自科学老师的成绩报告最糟糕。

< p>







have a hard time


(做某事)费劲


/


吃力,其 后接


with


短语或动名词短语。







eg. I had a hard time passing the English exam.


我通过英语考试很吃力。








be surprised to


“对



感到惊讶”







eg. They were surprised to hear the surprising news.


他们听到那令人惊讶的消息感到吃惊。




4.


The Peking University graduate first went there as a volunteer on a one-year educational aid


programme.


这位北京大学毕业生首先是作为一个一年期教育援助计划的志愿 者去那里


的。句中的


as


是介词,意为 “作为”









as


作连词,引导时间状语从句,强调两个动作同时发生或某事一发 生另一件事立即


发生,作“当



.


时;一面



一面”解。









eg. I read the letter as I walked along the river.


我一面沿河散步,一面看信。





用作连词,引导原因状语从句,证 据不如


because


强,多用于句首,作“因为;由


于”解。



eg. As all the seats were full, he stood up and made room for the old man.






由于座位都坐满了,他起身给那位老人让位置。





作连词,引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句,作“如;像”解。



eg. He isn



t as old as he looks.


他不像看上去那样老。



注意:这句话中的第一个


as


是副词, 意为“同样地”


;第二个是连词,引导比较状语从句。







eg. You must do everything as I do.


你们必须按照我做的那样做每件事。


(方式状语从句)





作关系代词,引导定语从句,指主句所表达的整个内容,作“正像



那样”解。



eg. As we know, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.





正如我 们知道的那样,海洋覆盖地球表面


70%


以上。



另外,在


the same as



as follows


这类结构中 ,


as


也作关系代词。





as


作介词,意为“如;像;充当;作为”



eg. They got united as one man.


他们团结的像一个人一样。



注意:< /p>


as


后面跟名词,构成介词短语,作用就和


like


的介词短语一样,意思也相近,不过


他们俩还是有区 别的。


as


有“作为”的意思;


lik e


作“如;像”解。







eg. Let me speak to you as a teacher.


让我像老师那样跟你谈话。










Let me speak to you like your father.


让我像你父亲那样同你谈话。







在一些 习惯搭配中常用


as,


而不用


like .






eg. She was well-known as a painter.


作为画家,她是很有名望的。










Perhaps I can act as the guide.


或许我能担任向导。




5....


at first the thin air made her feel sick.



起初,稀薄的空气使他感到难受。






make sb. do sth.


使某人做某事,


make


后接动词原形。






eg. The noise made the baby cry.


噪音让那个婴儿哭了起来。



扩展:


make +sth.+n./ adj.


意为“使某物








eg. Can you make the room clean?


你能让这个房间变得干净吗?



五.重要语法



1.


含义:


①直接引语



Direct Speech



是指原封不动的 引用原话,


把它放在引号内,


例如:



Mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can go out and play with your


friends.”



They said, “We want to have a rest.”



②间接引语(


Reported Speech


,又叫


Indirect Speech


)即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话


不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成 间接引语应该是:



Mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my


friends.


They said they wanted to have a rest. < /p>



2.


直接引语变间接引语的“三要素” 和“二注意”



①要素一:连接词的判断



a.



直接引语为陈述句,连接词用< /p>


that,


在口语中可省略。


-


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