-
1.
Geoffrey
Chaucer:
the
greatest poet
of
Middle
English period,
the
father of English
poetry
, the foundation of modern
English language.
The Book
of the Duchess /The Romaunt of the Rose /The House
of Fame
/Troylus
and
Criseyde
/Legend
of
Good
Women
/The
Canterbury
Tales
/The
Mon
k
Tale.
2.
Thomas More:
a greet humanistic leader
of early 16th century. /Utopia
3.
The
first
anthology
of English lyric poems-----
The Songs and Sonnets
by Wyatt and
Surrey:
4.
John
Lyly:
one
of
the
first
of
those
who
sought
consciously
for
an
artistic
style and whose chief desire was to say a thing
well.
Euphues /the Anatomy of Wit
5.
Sir
Philip
Sidney:
Arcadia
/Astrophel
and
Stella
/Apology
for
Portry
—
an
eloquent plea for literature.
6. Edmund
Spencer:
the greatest non-dramatic poet
of the Elizabethan
Age, the
first master of English verse, has been called
“
poets
’
po
et
”
Faerie Queene
/The Shepherd
’
s Calender
/The Amoretti
7.
Ralph Roister Doister by
Nicholas Udall
8.
The
first English
comedies
-----Gammar
Gurton
’
s Needle by Mr.S
9.
The
first regular English
tragedy
-----Gorboduc or Ferrex and
Porrex
by Thomas Sackvill and Thomas
Norton
10.
Christopher
Marlowe:
the
most
original
and
most
gifted.
The
greatest predecessor of
Shakespeare and the greatest pioneer
of English
drama.
He
first
made
blank
verse
the
principle
instrument
of
English
drama. Created the
Renaissance hero for the English drama.
Tamburlaine /
s
/The Jew of Malta
11. Ben Jonson:
the greatest
writer of comedy after Shakespeare.
V
olpone /The Alchemist
/Everyman in His Humour /Sejanus
12.
William Shakespeare:
the greatest
English poet and dramatist
Henry
/Richard /Hamlet /The Tempest
13.
The
first English
essayist
-----Francis Bacon
14. John
Donne
-----
the father of
Metaphysical
Song and Sonnet /Devotion
Upon Emergent Occasions
Militon:
combine Renaissance and the
Reformations.
Paradise Regained and
Samson Agonists
16. John
Bunyan:
the
Pilgrim’s
Progress
17. John Dryden:
the most important poet the Restoration
period and the
poet Laureate.
The Medal /Absalom and Achitophel
der Pope:
Essay on Criticism
/Moral Essay /An Essay on Man
/The Rape
of the Rock /An Heroi-Comical Poem
an
Swift:
Gulliver
’
s
Travels
/The
Examiner
/The
Battle
of
Books
/A Tale of a Tub
Johnson:
a poet ,essayist ,literary ,and a
lexicographer.
Was
called”
the
great champion of
literature
”
The Vanity of Human Wished and London
/The Lives of Great Poet
Goldmith:
one
of
the
original
members
of
the
famous
“
Literature
Club
”
The Citizen
of the World /The Deserted Village /She Stoops to
Conquer
22.
The
first
English
novel-----
Pamela
or
Virtue
Rewarded
by
Samuel
Richardson
23.
Henry
Fielding:
the second but more important
novelist of the 18th
The History of the
Adventures of Joseph Andrew
/The History of
Jonathan
Wild the Great
/The History
of Tom Jones, a Foundling
24.
Richard
Brinsley Sheridan:
The School of
Scandal
25. Tobias Smollett
-----father of the nautical novel
26.
Lawrenence Steren-----
a representative
of the sentimental school
27.
Edmund
Burke:
“A
Philosophical
Enquiry
into
the
Origin
of
Our
Ideas of
the Sublime and the Beautiful”
the sublime /the beautiful. Sublimity
28. Thomas
Paine:
“The Rights of Man”
29. Thomas Gray:
the most scholarly and well-balanced of
all the early
romantic poets and the
most outstanding of the minor poets of the mid-18
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
30. Robert Burns:
The Tree
of Liberty /Scots Wha Hae /The Twa Dogs
31. William
Blake:
Songs of Innocence /Songs of
Experience /Marriage
of Heaven and Hell
32. William
Wordsworth:
the representative poet of
the first generation
of Romantics and
the chief spokesman of Romantic poetry
Lyrical Ballads /Tintern Abbey
/Prelude
33.
Samuel Taylor
Coleridge:
The Rime of the Ancient
Mariner
/Kubla Khan
/Christalbel
/Biographia Literaria
34.
George Gordon
Byron:
Childe Harold /Don Juan
35
. Percy Bysshe
Shelley: the most beloved of the Romantic poets
Has been called
“
the
poet
’
s
poet
”
Ode to the
West Wind /To a Skylark /Prometheus Unbound /A
Defense
of Poetry
36. John
Keats:
Ode to a Nightingale /Ode to an
Grecian Urn /Isabella
37. William
Hazlitt:
a master of the familiar essay
Character of
Shakspear
’
s Play /On going
on a journey
38. Tomas De
Quincey:
Confession of an English
Opium-Eater
39
.
Jane
Austen:
the
greatest
and
best
loved
of
the
most
important pioneers in the English
realistic novel.
Pride and Prejudice
/Sense and Sensibility /Northanger Abbey
/Mansfield
Park /Emma /Persuasion
40. Walter
Scott
：
Minister of the
Scottish Border/Waverley
41.
Three
greatest
tragic
dramatists
----
-
Aeshylus:Prometheus
Bound
,Aagamemnon
/
Sophocles:Oedipus
the
King
,Antigone
/
Euripides:Media,Trojan Woman
?
Epic:
a long narrative poem
telling about the deeds of a great hero
and
reflecting
the
value
of
the
society.
Many
epics
were
drawn
from an oral tradition and were
transmitted by song and recitation
before they were written down.
?
Romance:
a
type
of
literature
which
was
popular
in
the
Middle
Ages, a tale in verse or in prose,
embodying the life and adventures
of
Knights,
involving
a
large
amount
of
fighting
as
well
as
a
number of miscellaneous adventures and
romantic love, reflecting
the spirit of
chivalry.
?
The
Middle
Ages:
An
age
from
the
fall
of
the
Western
Roman
Empire in the 5th century to the spread
of the Renaissance around
Europe
in
the
15th
century,
so
called
because
it
is
a
transitional
period between ancient times and modern
times. The Middle Ages’
civilization
was
founded
on
cultural
heritages
of
ancient
Greece
and Rome; traditions of Christianity;
Germanic and Scandinavian
social modes.
?
The
Renaissance:
a
great
cultural
and
intellectual
movement
against feudalism
and hierarchy which began in the 14th century in
Italy and then swept the
whole Europe, a movement with one key
note--- humanism and two striking
features--- the revival of classic
culture of
ancient
Greece
and Rome;
the reform
in
church
which
stressed humanity instead of divinity.
?
Tragedy:
a
general
term
for
a
literary
work
in
which
the
protagonist
meets
an
unhappy
or
disastrous
end.
Unlike
comedy,
tragedy
depicts
the
actions
a
central
character
that
is
usually
dignified or heroic. Through a series
of events, the main character
or
tragic
hero
fell
down.
The
causes
of
a
tragic
hero’s
downfall
vary.
In
traditional
dramas,
the
cause
can
be
hate,
a
flaw
in
character,
or
an
error
in
judgment.
In
modern
dramas,
where
the
tragic
hero is often an ordinary individual, the causes
range from
moral or psychological
weakness to the evils of society.
?
Sonnet:
a poem consisting of 14 lines usually
in iambic pentameter
with various rhyme
schemes, including Patrician Sonnet or Italian
Sonnet consisting an octave in which
the theme and a problem is
put forward
with a rhyming scheme abba, abba, and a sestet
with
an answer to the theme rhymed cde,
cde; Shakespearean Sonnet /
English
Sonnet
consisting
of
three
quatrains:
with
a
rhyming
scheme abab, cdcd,
efef, and a couplet rhyming gg, with a surprise
conclusion or a shift of
idea.
?
Tragicomedy:
a
play
in
which
there
is
a
mixture
of
tragic
and
comic
scenes.
Usually
it
is
a
play
with
a
human
conflict
and
hopeful ending.
?
Romanticism:
a
movement
or
tendency
in
literature,
philosophy,
music and art in Western Europe during
most of the 19th century,
beginning
as
a
revolt
against
classicism.
It
is
associated
with
vitality, powerful
emotion, limitless and dreamlike ideas.
?
Ode
（颂歌）
:
A complex
and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a
dignified
formal
style
on
some
lofty
or
serious
subject.
Odes
are
often written for a
special occasion, to honor a person or a season
or to commemorate an event. Two famous
odes are Percy Bysshe
Shelley’s
“Ode
to
the
West
Wild”
and
John
Keats’s
“Ode
on
a
Grecian
Um.”
?
Alliteration
（头韵）
:
a form of initial rhyme, or
“
head rhyme
”
the repetition
of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of
two
or
more
words
that
are
next
to
or
close
to
each
other;
one
dominating
device
for
rhyming
in
old
English
poetry
for
rhythm
and
onomatopoeia.
?
Heroic
Couplet
（英雄
双行体
/
英雄双韵体）
:
a
pair
of
rhyming
iambic pentameter
lines with a measure of poetry consisting of one
weak / short beat and one strong / long
beat, invented by Geoffrey
Chaucer and
perfected by Alexander Pope in Neo-classic
Age.
?
Ballad
（歌谣）
: a
lyric poem generally of three eight-line stanzas
with
a
concluding
stanza
of
four
lines.
The
lines
of
a
ballad
are