-
Enlightenment and Revolutionary period
(1750-1810)
Benjamin Franklin
Poor Richard’s
Almanac
《格言历书》
；
The Way to
Wealth
致富之道；
The
Autobiography
自传
He was the
symbol of America in the Age of Enlightenment
(Age of Reason).He brought the colonial
era to a close.
He helped found the Pennsylvania
Hospital. He founded an academy which led to the
University of Pennsylvania. And he
helped found the American Philosophical
Society. He was also remembered for volunteer fire
departments, effective street lighting, the
Franklin stove, bifocal glasses and efficient
heating devices. And for his
lightning-
rod, he was called “the new
Prometheus who had stolen fire from
heaven.”
He was the only American to
sign the four documents that created the
United States: The Declaration of
Independence,
The Treaty of
Alliance with France, The Treaty of Peace with
England,
The
Constitution
。
Romanticism (1800-1865)
Edgar Allan Poe
埃德加
·
爱伦
·
坡
1809-1849
（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人
-----
叶芝）
father of modern
short story
father of detective story
father of
psychoanalytic
criticism
Tales of the Grotesque and
Arabesque
怪诞奇异故事集
;
The Fall of the House of
Usher
厄舍古屋的倒塌
;
Ligeia
莱琪儿
;Annabel Lee
安娜贝尔
·
李
-----
歌
特风格；
“The Masque of
the Red Death”
《红色死亡的化妆舞会》
“MS. Found in a
Bottle”
《瓶子里发现的手稿》
;
“The Murders in the Rue
Morgue”
《毛格街杀人案》
首
开近代侦探小说先河，
又是法国象征主义运动的源头
. The
Raven
乌鸦
;
“The Cask of Amontillado”
《一桶酒的故事》
;Israfel
伊斯拉菲尔
;To
Hellen
致海伦
The
Poetic Principle
《诗歌原理》
The Philosophy of
Composition
《创作哲学》
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow<
/p>
亨利
·
沃兹沃思
·
朗费罗
1807-1882
Themes:
Alienation
（疏远）
；<
/p>
Initiation
；
（创始）
Problem of Guilt
；
Pride
；
Puritan New England
；
Italian
backgrou
nd
；
Allegory
（寓言）；
individual vs.
society
；
self-fulfillment vs.
frustration,
；
hypocrisy vs.
integrity
；
love
vs. hate,
exploitation
（利用，剥削）
vs.
hurting,
；
fate vs. free will.
Works:
Twice-Told
Tales
重述故事
Mosses from an Old
Manse
古宅青苔
The Scarlet
Letter
红字
T
he House of the Seven
Gables
《七个尖角阁的房子》
The Blithedale
Romance
《
福谷传奇》
The Marble Faun
《
大理石雕像》
Young
Goodman Brown”
《
好小伙儿布朗》
“The Minister?s Black Veil”
《
教长的黑面纱》
“Dr. Rappacini?s
Daughter”
《拉普齐尼博士的女儿》
The
Song of Hiawatha
海华沙之歌
----
美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗
Voices of the
Night
《夜籁集》
Ballads and other Poems
1841
《歌
谣及其他》
The Belfry of Bruges and other
Poems
《布鲁茨的钟楼及其他》
Evangeline: a Tale of Acadie
《伊凡吉林》
Tales of a
Wayside Inn
《路边酒肆的故事》
A Psalm
of
Life
人生颂
Ralf Waldo Emerson
拉尔夫
·
沃尔多
·
爱默生
1803-1882
Essays
散文集
:Nature
论
自然
-----
新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书
< br>;The American Scholar
论美国学者
;Divinity; The
Oversoul
论超灵
;Self-
reliance
论自立
;The Transcendent
alist
超验主义者
;Representative
Men
代表人物
;English
Traits
英国人的特征
;School
Address
神学院演说
Walt Whitman
沃尔特
·<
/p>
惠特曼
1819-1892
Leaves of
Grass
草叶集
:
Complete Prose Works
Democratic
Vistas
Franklin Evans; or,
The Inebriate
Memoranda
During the
War
;
November Boughs
;
O Captain, My Captain. Specimen Days and
Collect
(1881)
Emily Dickinson
埃米莉
·
迪金森
1830-1886
The Poems of Emily Dichenson
埃米莉
< br>·
迪金森诗集
-----
“Te
ll all the truth and tell it slant”
迂回曲折
的，
玄学的
.
I’m Nobody!
Success;
Our
Share Of Night TO Bear; He Ate And Drink THE
Precious Words; To Make A Prairy; Alter? When THE
Hills Do; The Mountains Grow Unnoticed; I Died For
Beauty.
Realism
(1865-1914)
Mark Twain
马克
·
吐温（
Samuel Longhorne
Clemens
）
---
美国文学的一
大里程碑
The Celebrated Jumping
Frog of Calaveras County, and Other Sketches
《卡拉维拉斯郡著名
的跳蛙和其它随笔》
;
The Innocent?s
Abroad
傻瓜出国记
;
The
Gilded Age: A Tale of Today
《镀金时代》
;The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer
汤姆
·
索耶历险记
;The Prince and the
Pauper
王子与贫儿
;The
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
哈克贝利
·
费恩历险记
;
A
Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
《在亚瑟王朝的康涅狄克州的美国佬》
;The
Tragedy
of Pudd?nhead
Wilson
傻瓜威尔逊
;Personal
Recollections of Joan of Arc
冉
·
达克
;The Man That Corrupted
Hadleyburg
败坏哈德莱堡的人
;New and Old Life on the Mississippi
《密
西西比河上的生活》
; The 1,000,000 Pound Bank-Note, and
Other New Stories .
Naturalism:
Stephen Crane
斯蒂芬
·
克莱恩
1871-1900
A Man Said TO THE Universe; Think As I
Think; I Saw A Man Pursuing The Horizon; A God In
Wrath; I Walked In A Desert; Black
Riders Came From The Sea; Supposing
That I Should Have The Courage; There Wear Many;
The Book Of Wisdom; Tell Brave Deeds; There Was A
Man With A Tongue Of Wood;
The
Wayfarer;
Maggie: A Girl of
the Streets
《街头女郎梅季》
;
The Red
Badge of Courage
《红色英勇勋章》
;
The Open Boat
《海上扁舟》
;
The Black
Riders
《黑骑者》
War is
Kind
《战争是仁慈的》
.
Theodore Dreiser
西奥多
·
德莱塞
1871-1945
Sister Carrie
嘉莉姐妹
;Jennie
Gerhardt
珍妮姑娘
;Trilogy of
Desire
欲望三部曲
(The
Financer
金融家
,The
Titan
巨人
,The Stoic);An
American Tragedy
美国的悲剧（被称为美国最
伟大的小说）
;Nigger
Jeff
黑人杰弗
;
Dreiser
Looks at Russia.
Jack London
杰克
·
伦敦
1876-1916
The Son of the
Wolf
狼之子
,The Call of the
Wild
野性的呼唤
; Love of
Life
热爱生命
;The Sea-
wolf
海狼
;White
Fang
白獠牙
;The People of the
Abyss
深渊中的人们
;The Iron
Heel
铁蹄
;Marti Eden
马丁
·
伊登
;
Modern Period
(1914-1945)
Robert Frost
罗伯特<
/p>
·
弗罗斯特
1874-1963
A Boys
Wish
少年心愿；
North of
Boston
波士顿之北
;Mending
Wall
修墙
;After Apple-
picking
摘苹果之后
; The Road Not
taken
没有
选择的道路
; The
Pasture;
Scott
Fitzgerald
弗朗西斯
·
菲茨
杰拉德
1896-1940(
迷惘的一代
)
The Side of
Paradise
人间天堂
; The Great
Gatsby
了不起的盖茨比
;Tender in the
Night
夜色温柔
; The Long Way
Out.
Ernest Hemingway
欧内斯特
·
海明威
1899-
1961
（
“
迷惘的一代
”
的代表人物）
In
Our Time
在我们的年代里
;The Torrents
of Spring
春潮
;The Sun Also
Rises
太阳照样升起
;Farewell to
Arms
永别了，武器
;For Whom the Bell
Tolls
丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：
Men Without
Women
没有女人的男人
;The Winners
Take Notheing
胜者无所获
;The Fifth
Column and First Forty-nine
Stories
第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：
To
Have
and Have
Not
贫与富
回忆录：
A Moveable
Feast
到处逍遥
Style:
Hemingway?s fiction usually focuses on
people living essential, dangerous
lives—
soldiers, fishermen, athletes,
bullfighters
—
who
meet the pain and difficulty of their existence
with stoic courage. His celebrated literary style,
influenced by Ezra
Pound
and
Gertrude Stein, is direct, terse, and
often monotonous, yet particularly
suited to his elemental subject
matter.
As or more important,
Hemingway?s style, with its consistent use of
short, concrete, direct prose and of scenes
consisting exclusively of dialogue,
gives his novels and short stories a distinctive
accessibility that is immediately identifiable
with the author.
William Faulkner
威廉
·
福克纳
1897-1
962 (The Prominent Representative of Southern
Writers)
The Marble
Faun
云石林神（诗集）
;
Imagism:
Ezra
Pound (1885 - 1972)
The Cantos;
In a
Station of the Metro;
A
Pact
合约
;
The 1930s
John Steinbeck
约翰
·
斯坦贝克
1902-1966
Cup of Gold
金杯
;Tortilla
Flat
煎饼房
;In Dubious
Battle
胜负未定
;Of Mice and
Men
鼠和人
;The Grapes of
Wrath
愤怒的葡萄
;The Moon is
Down
月亮下去了
;Cannery
Row
罐头
厂街
;The
Pearl
珍珠
短篇小说：
The Red
Pony
小红马
(The Gift,The Great
Mountains
大山
;The
Promise
许诺
,The Leader of the
People
人们的领袖
)
Harlem Renaissance
(Black American literature)
Hughes
Wright
Ellison
American Drama
Eugene O’Neil
尤金
·<
/p>
奥尼尔
1888-1953
独幕剧：
Bound East
to Cardiff
东航卡迪夫
;The Long
Voyage Home
归途迢迢
;The Moon of
the Carribbeans
加勒比人之月
多幕剧：
Beyond the H
orizon
天边外
（其成名作）
;A
nna
Christie
安娜
·
克里斯蒂
;The Emperor
Jones
琼斯皇
;The Hairy
Ape
毛猿
;All the God?s Children
Got Wings
上帝的儿女都有翅膀
The Great
God Brown
大神布朗
;The Strange
Interlude
奇异的插曲
;Mour
ning Becomes Electr
素娥怨
/
悲悼
a;The Iceman
Cometh
送冰的人来了
;The Long Days
Journey Into Night
进入黑夜的漫长旅程
/
日长路远夜常深沉
Arthur Miller
阿瑟
·<
/p>
米勒
1915-
Situation
Normal
情况正常
;The Man Who Had
All the Luck
吉星高照的人
;All My
Sons
都是我的儿子
;The Death of a
Salesman
推销员
;The Crucible
严峻的考验
/
萨姆勒的女巫
;A
View from the
Bridge
桥头眺望
;A Memory of Two
Mondays
两个星期一的回忆
;After the
Fall
堕落之后
;Incident at
Vichy
维希事件
;The
Price
代价
;The Creation of the
World and
Other
Business
创世及其他
;The
Archbishop?s
Ceiling
大主教的天花板
;The American
Clock
美国时钟
Transcendentalism
It also called
American
Renaissance
period from the 1830s roughly until the
end of the American Civil War in which American
literature, in the wake of the Romantic movement,
came of age as an expression of a
national spirit. 19th-century movement of writers
and philosophers in New England who were loosely
bound together by adherence to an idealistic
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