-
单元名称：
Unit
Six
Attitudes to Life
教学目的与要求：
1. Understand the proper attitude
towards life.
2. Grasp the key words,
phrases and structures.
iate the writing technique employed by
the writer
主要教学内容与时间安排
:
6.1 Lead-in
6.2 Text Study
6.3 Word Choice in Writing
6.4 Further Development
6.5 Exercises
教学重点与难点
:
and expressions
skills of word choice in writing
itions (Noun + Preposition)
教学方法：
Hybrid teaching method
作业与练习：
test
rk
单元小结：
教学步骤：
-in
1. What is your motto in
life? Explain it.
2. Do you find life
sometimes paradoxical? If yes, please give one
example.
ound Information
2)
Quotes about fame and success.
mes the
best gain is to lose.
有时大得即大失。
2.
Riches either serve or govern the possessor.
财富可以侍候主人，也可以支配主人。
3. All the art of living lies in a fine
mingling of letting go and holding on.
—
Havelock Ellis, British
psychologist and essayist
生活的艺术在于对坚持与放弃的合理调配。
——
<
/p>
亨利
·
哈维洛克
·
艾利斯
英国心理学家、作家
4. Life
is like an onion; you peel off layer after layer
and then you find there is nothing in
it.
—
James Gibbons Huneker,
American essayist and critic
生活就象洋葱：你一层一层拨开就会发现里面什么也没有。
——
詹姆斯
·
吉本斯
·
亨内克
美国作家、评论家
5.
The value of life lies not in the length of days,
but in the use we make of them.
—
Michel de Montaigne,
French Writer
生活的价值不在于生命的长短，而在于我们是怎样度过的。
——
蒙田
法国作家
6 .Our
attitude toward life determines life's attitude
towards us.
—
Earl Nightingale, American
speaker and author
我们对生活的态度决定着生活对我们的态度。
——
厄尔
·
南丁格尔
美国演说家、作家
Analysis
Part I (
Para1-8):
Through one event during his
hospitalization, the author explains that
we often fail to see the beauty and
wonder of life when we should be holding on to it,
urges us to hold fast to the gifts of
life.
Part II ( Para9-11):
The author directs his discussion to the other
side of the paradox:
how to let go, and
points out why we must accept losses and learn how
to let go.
Part
III
(
Para12-16):
As
a
solution
to
the
paradox,
the
author
suggests
a
wider
perspective to view what is transient
and what is eternal, gives us his advice as to
what
we should
do in order
to make our lives meaningful and our deeds
“timeless”.
IV
.Words and Expressions
1) (Para 1) fast:
ad
.
become or be firmly fixed and unable to
move
*The boat was stuck fast in the
mud.
2) (Para 1) clench :
vt
.
close tightly
e.g
在被动手术时她咬紧了牙关。
(=She clenched
her teeth when she was operated on.)
3)
(Para 3) fade:
vi.
1. lose
colour and brightness
*Flowers soon fade when cut.
2. disappear gradually.e.g.
他的希望渐渐破灭
(= His hopes faded.)
4) (Para 3) wither:
v.
1. (cause sth
to) become dry, shrivelled or dead
e.g
这些花不放在水里就要枯死了
.(=The flowers
will wither if
you don't
put
them in
water.)
2. render
speechless or incapable of action; stun
e.g
她的一瞥使他无言以对。
(=She withered
him with a look.)
cf.
wither & fade
这两
个动词均含
“
凋谢
”
< br>之意。
wither
指因无活
力而丧失生命力。
fade
强调指渐渐失去色彩和光泽。
5) (Para 3) tender:
1.
v.
formally
offer or show something to someone
*As company secretary, you must tender
the proposal.
(=The seller has the
right to keep the goods until payment is tendered
to him.)
2.
a.
1)
(of meat) easy to chew; not tough
*Continue cooking until the meat is
tender.
2) painful when touched;
sensitive
e.g
我的手指一碰就疼，因为昨天割破了。
(=My
finger
is
tender
because
I
cut
it
yesterday.)
3)
gentle and careful in a way that shows love
*Her voice was
tender and soft.
Collocations:
tender age
年幼而未成熟的
tender loving care
悉心、关切的照顾
a tender
heart
软心肠
a tender mother
慈母
6) (Para 4)
hospitalize:
vt
.
place in a hospital for treatment,
care, or observation.
*Roger was hospitalized after a severe
heart attack.
NB:
该词一般用于被动语态
7)
(Para 5) wheel:
1.
n
. one of the round things
under a car, bus, bicycle, etc. that turns when it
moves
*The car slid sideways, its rear
wheels spinning.
2.
v.
move someone or sth. that
is in or on sth. that has wheels
e.g
他把摩托车推到街上。
(=He
wheeled his motorcycle into the street.)
Collocations:
at the wheel
驾驶，掌舵
oil the wheels
使事情进行得顺利
on wheels
用车子
put
one
’
s shoulder to the wheel
（帮助他人）动手
wheels
within wheels
复杂的事情；复杂的原因
wheel
and deal (AmE.)
（在政界）独断专行
8) (Para 6) relish:
1.
n.
great
enjoyment of something
*I ate with
great relish, enjoying every bite.
2.
vt.
enjoy an experience or
the thought of something that is going to happen
e.g
我可不乐意这麽早就起床
.
(=I don't relish having to get up so
early.)
9) (Para 6)
indifferent:
a
.
not at all interested in someone or
sth.
e.g
我对他们的争论毫不关心。
(=I am
indifferent to their arguments.)
cf.
indifferent, unconcerned,
incurious, detached & uninterested
这些形容词均有
“
< br>不关心的、不感兴趣的
”
意思。
indifferent
运用得最广。它可以表示无偏向性，对事物这样或那样不关心
unconcerned
意指不仅不感兴趣，而且也不同情，不焦虑，不关心
incurious
强调缺乏理性的探询和本能的好奇心
detached
意指不参与，同时对此有客观的看法
uninterested
仅表示缺乏兴趣
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with
the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. The universe is not hostile, nor yet
is it friendly. It is simply
_____.
（
=
indifferent
）
2.
He was ______ in politics.
（
=
uninterested
）
3.
Many large companies seem totally ______ about the
environment.
（
=
unconcerned
）
4.
She described what had happened in a cold and
_____ manner.
（
=
detached
）
5. He
was _______of technical and textual science.
（
=
incurious
）
10)
(Para 6) preoccupy:
vt
.
engage (sb. or his mind,
thoughts, etc.) so that he cannot
think of other things
e.g
你昨天在公共汽车站上心不在焉
,
没有注意
到我。
(=You were too
preoccupied to notice me at the bus stop
yesterday.)
Pattern:
be preoccupied
with
全神贯注于
11)
(Para 6) petty:
a
.
1. of small importance; trivial
*We started having arguments over petty
little things.
2) unkind and caring too
much about small unimportant things
*How can she be so petty?
Collocations:
petty and
childish behaviour
小心眼和孩子气的行为
petty
about money
在金钱上很小气
petty
cash
零用现金
petty
larceny
小偷小摸
petty officer
海军士官
12) (Para 6)
mean:
a.
ignoble
*I never thought he was capable of
doing such a mean thing to his brother.
cf.
low, mean,
cheap & shabby
这些形容词均有
“
卑鄙的，卑贱的，卑下的
”
意思。
low
指行为卑鄙、可耻、下文明，可引申指庸俗。
mean
暗示狠毒、贪婪、缺乏尊严感等为人们所不耻的卑鄙、自私、
渺小的行为。
cheap
侧指人或物的品质低劣下贱。
shabby
指行为的不公和卑劣，往往使人感到不屑和轻蔑。
13) (Para 7) glean:
v
.
1. gather
grain left in a field by harvest workers
*Boys are asked to glean the grain
every morning.
2. find out information
slowly and with difficulty
e.g
我从别人的话中总算弄清楚他不来了。
(=From what people said, I managed to
glean that he wasn't coming.)
Pattern:
glean sth. from sb./sth.
从
……
中搜集
14) (Para 7) commonplace:
1.
a
. ordinary; not interesting
*He's not at all exciting, in fact he's
really rather
commonplace.(=
他毫不出奇
,
实际上
平庸得很。
)
15) (Para 8) dawn:
vi
.
1. begin to
become light in the morning.
*The
morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm.
2. begin to be perceived or understood
e.g
很快我们就意识到了危险的存在。
(=Realization of the danger soon dawned
on us.)
Pattern:
It dawns on sb. that...
渐渐明白，开始被察觉或理解
16)
(Para 8) embrace:
v.
1. put your arms around someone and
hold them in a friendly or loving way
e.g
她在离开前拥抱儿子。
(=She embraced her son before leaving.)
2. eagerly accept a new
idea, opinion, religion, etc.
*We hope
these regions will embrace democratic reforms.
3. include sth. as part of a subject,
discussion, etc.
*This course embraces
several different aspects of psychology.
Collocations:
embrace
Christianity
信奉基督教
embrace an
offer, opportunity
欣然接受提议、把握机会
embrace a social cause
乐意地从事一项社会活动
17)
(Para 9) paradox:
n
.
1. statement that seems to
be absurd or contradictory but is or may be true
*Paradox and irony are characteristics
of her style.
2. person, thing or
situation displaying contradictory features
*It's a curious paradox that drinking a
lot of water can often make you feel thirsty.
18) (Para 10) passion:
n
.
1. a very
strong feeling of sexual love
*His
passion for her made him blind to everything else.
(=
他强烈地爱着她
,
对其他一切都视而不见。
)
2. a
very strong belief or feeling about sth.
e.g
她争论时情绪很激动。
(= She
argued with great passion. )
3. a very
strong liking for sth.
e.g
赛马是她最喜爱的运动。
(=Horse-racing is her passion.)
cf.
emotion,
feeling, passion, affection & sentiment
这些名词的共同含义是
“
感情
”
或
“
情感
”
之意。
emotion
普通用
词，
词义中性。
泛指因外界刺激而引起思想情感从细微变化到最
强烈的发作。
feeling
普通用词，
含义广。
多指具体的或内心的感受，
或表露出来的强烈情感。
passion
指极强烈的感情，尤指愤怒、爱好等。也常指两性间的爱情。
affection
指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情。
sentiment
一般指由一种思想激起的感情，含较大的理智因素。
(Directions:) Fill in the
blanks with the words above. Change the form where
necessary.
1. He's considerate of other
people's ____.
（
=
feelings
）
2. Kim
received the news without showing any visible sign
of ____.
（
=
emotion
）
3. All
the _____ in their marriage has died.
（
=
passion
）
4. Their
father never showed them much _____
.
（
=
affection
）
5.
There
’
s no place for ____ in
business!
（
=
sentiment
）
19)
(Para 10) confront :
vt.
make sb. face or consider sb./sth. unpleasant,
difficult, etc.
* When confronted with
the evidence of her guilt, she confessed.
(=
她面对罪证供认不讳。
)
Pattern:be confronted with
面对
20) (Para 11)
sustain:
vt.
1.
suffer damage, an injury, or loss of money
*Two of the fire-fighters
sustained serious injuries.
2. make sth. continue to exist or
happen for a period of time
* He was
incapable of sustaining close relationships with
women.
cf.
undergo, experience, sustain & suffer <
/p>
这些动词均有
“
经历，经受，遭受
”
之意。
undergo
多指经受艰难、痛苦、不愉快或危险的事。
experience
指亲身经受或体验某事。
sustain
指遭受痛苦或承受负担。
suffer
常可与
sustain
通用，尤指受到损害或伤害。
21) (Para 12) reconcile:
vt
.
1.
reestablish a close relationship between
* Jonah and his youngest son were, on
the surface at least, reconciled.
2.
bring (a quarrel, disagreement, etc.) to an end;
settle
e.g
他们无法调和彼此的分歧。
(=
They can't reconcile their differences. )
Pattern:
reconcile sb. to
sth.
（使某人）无可奈何地接受某事物
Collocations:
reconcile two
ideas
调和两种看法
reconcile
differences
调和分歧
reconcile
the evidence with the facts
使证据符合事实
became
reconciled to
接受
22) (Para 12)
fashion:
vt
shape or make
sth.
*He fashioned a box from a few old
pieces of wood.
Patterns:
Fashion…from...
用
……
制成
…
…
Fashion...into...
把
……
制成
……
23) (Para 13) perspective:
n
. a way of thinking about
something
*His
father
’
s death gave him a
whole new perspective on life.
Collocations:
view/put/see
sth. in (its true/its proper) perspective
从实际的（恰当的）角度观察（处
置
/
看待）某事物
in historical perspective
用历史的观点看待这些事件
get
things badly out of perspective
处事极为失当
wider/broader perspective
更宽阔的视角
24) (Para
13) eternity :
n
. a very
long time that seems endless
*It seemed
an eternity before the police arrived.
25) (Para 13) finite:
a
. having an end or a limit
e.g
人类的认识是有限的。
(=Human knowledge
is finite. )
NB:
注意该词的反义词为
infinite
。
26) (Para 14) endure:
1.
vt
. suffer or undergo (sth.
painful or uncomfortable) patiently
*It
seemed impossible that anyone could endure such
pain.
2.
vi
. remain alive or continue
to exist for a long time
*Their
friendship has endured over many years.
27) (Para 15) pursue:
vt
. continue doing an
activity or trying to achieve sth. over a long
period of time
e.g
她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。
( =She decided to pursue her studies
after obtaining her first degree. )
Collocations:
pursue a
goal/aim/objective
追求目标
pursue pleasure
寻乐
pursued the study of
继续深造
pursue
interests and avoid risks
趋利避害
pursue one's
academic interest/professional career
追
求学习
/
职业
28) (Para 16) vision:
n.
1. ability to
see
e.g
他头部受击后损害了视力。
(=The blow on the head impaired/damaged
his vision.)
2. thing seen vividly in
the imagination
e.g He had a vision of
himself as a rich businessman.
(=
他想象自己是一个富有的商人。
)
我想象我们正进行罢工。
(= I
had visions of us going on strike. )
Collocations:
a person of
vision
有远见的人
have
visions of sth.
想象
catch the vision of
看见
expand our
vision
扩大我们的视野
the
romantic visions of youth
青年人浪漫的幻想
V
. Difficult Sentences
1) (Para1) A man comes to this world
with his fist clenched, but when he dies, his hand
is
open. Q: Translate this sentence
into Chinese.
2) (Para2) We know that
this is so, but all too often we recognize this
truth only in our
backward glance when
we remember what it was and then suddenly realize
that it is no
more.
Q: What
does “so” refer to here?
(=It refers to what was mentioned in
the preceding sentence: life is wonderful and full
of
beauty.)
Q:
What does “only in our backward glance”
mean?
(=It means “only as we
examine our life in retrospect.”)
3) (Para 3) But we remember with far
greater pain that we did not see that beauty when
it
flowered, that we failed to respond
with love when it was tendered.
Q: What can we infer from this
sentence?
(=From this sentence, we can
infer that one should
hold
fast
to
beauty
and love
at
the
right time when they are full of
sweetness and being offered.)
4)
(Par
a6)
I
looked
to
see
whether
anyone
else
relished
the
sun’s
golden
glow,
but
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