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文学分为：
poetry
，
drama, prose,novel
Primitive
Literature
?
Anglo-Saxon Poetry:
Beowulf
《贝奥武甫》
: folk legend in
alliterative verse of over 3000 lines; depicting
the
primitive tribal Britain.
?
Feudal literature:
Literature
in Middle age: (about 5th C. to 1485)
?
The Romance:
adventures of
King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table
Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight
?
The
Ballads:
the Robin Hood
Ballads:
?
Features of
Romance
：
1. stories about the nobles (kings,
queens, landlords and knights)
2. adventures and romance
3. advocate
loyalty, courage, other merits
?
Features of
Ballads:
1. the most
important department of English
2. a story told in song, usually 4-line
stanzas
3. anonymously
composed oral literature which is chanted by
ballad-singers
?
Narrative poem: A poem that tells a
story.
one kind of
narrative poem is the
epic(
史诗
),
a long poem that sets forth the heroic
ideals
of a particular
society. Beowulf is an epic.
The ballad is another kind of narrative
poem.
?
Geoffrey Chaucer
:
(1343-1400)
father of English poetry,
the first great poet who writes in
Middle English,
good at the heroic couplet
masterpiece
—
The
Canterbury Tales
Heroic Couplet: an iambic
pentameter couplet. During the Restoration Period
and the eighteenth
century it was a
popular verse form. It is a couplet in which the
two lines form a complete unit of
thought
?
The Canterbury Tales:
1. 24 out of 124 stories
are finished;
2.
cover
practically
all
the
major
types
of
medieval
literature
(courtly
romance,
folk
tale,
beast fable, story of
travel and adventure, saint’s life, allegorical
tale, sermon, alchemical account,
etc.);
(to be
continued)
3. a miniature
of the English society: sketches of all classes of
feudal society except the royalty
and
the poorest peasant
(
knight,
squire,
prioress,
landed
proprietor,
wealthy
tradesman,
drunken
cook,
humble
ploughman, doctor, lawyer, monks, nuns,
priests, summoner, sailor, miller, carpenter,
yeoman and
oxford scholar
)
Renaissance Literature
Renaissance: (about late 15th C. to
early 17th C.) triggers by the introduction of
printing machine
to England by William
Caxton and it is also an age of flowering of
English literature.
Features:
①
a thirsting curiosity for
classical literature (Greek and Latin works)
②
the keen
interest in humanity (
人文科学）
Humanism: reflects the new outlook of
the
rising bourgeois class,
which saw the world
opening
before it. According to humanist,
both
man and world are hindered only by
external checks from infinite
improvement.
Man could mould the world
according to his
desire, and attain
happiness by removing all
External checks by the exercise of
reason
?
The
vigor of the renaissance:
poetry:
lyric
sonnet
(the first English) blank
verse (by
Henry
Howard,
Earl
of
Surrey)
?
The
intellectual energy of English Renaissance:
Francis Bacon:
?
The highest
glory of English Renaissance:
drama:
William Shakespeare
?
Edmund Spenser
(1552-1599):
the Poet’s poet
masterpiece: The Faerie Queen
(planned 12 books of which
6 had been finished)
?
Francis Bacon: (1561-1626)
the founder of English materialist
philosophy
modern science in England
Works:
Advancement of Learning
(
1605)
New
Instrument
(1620)
Essays
(1625)
The Inductive Method of Reasoning: to
collect and study the facts of this great world,
then
base your reasoning and conclusion
on those facts.
The
17
th
Century literature
?
The
17
th
Century: the period of
the English (bourgeois) Revolution: also called
the Puritan
Revolution.
?
The King, James
I (1603-1625)
?
The King, Charles I (1625-1649)
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