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英国文学史
I. Old
English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
贝奥武夫
:the
national epic of the Anglo-Saxons
Epic:
long
narrative
poems
that
record
the
adventures
or
heroic
deeds
of
a
hero
enacted
in
vast
landscapes. The style of epic is grand
and elevated.
Artistic features:
1.
Using alliteration
Definition
of
alliteration:
a
rhetorical
device,
meaning
some
words
in
a
sentence
begin
with
the
same
consonant
sound
（头韵）
Some examples on P5
2.
Using metaphor and understatement
Definition of
understatement: expressing something in a
controlled way Understatement is a typical way for
Englishmen to express their ideas
Geoffery Chaucer
杰弗里
·乔叟
1340~1400
(
首创“双韵体”
，英国文学史上首先用伦敦
方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（
John
Dryden
）称其为“英国诗
歌之父”
。代表作《坎特伯雷故
事集》
。
)
The father of English poetry.
writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
①
坎特伯雷故事集：
first time to use
‘
heroic couplet
’<
/p>
(
双韵体
) by middle
English
②
特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③
声誉之宫
Medieval Ages
’
popular Literary form:
Romance(
传奇故事
)
Famous
three
：
King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
II
The Renaissance
Period
A period
of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the
real mainstream of the English Renaissance.
Renaissance: the activity,
spirit, or time of the great revival of art,
literature, and learning in Europe beginning
in the 14th century and extending to
the 17th century, marking the transition from the
medieval to the modern
world.
Three
historical events of the Renaissance
–
rebirth or revival:
1.
new discoveries in geography and
astrology
2.
the religious reformation
and economic expansion
3.
rediscovery of
ancient Roman and Greek culture
The
most famous
dramatists
:
Christopher
Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
1.
Edmund Spenser<
/p>
埃德蒙·斯宾塞
1552~1599
（后人称之为
“诗人的诗人”
。
）
The
poets
’
poet. The
first to be buried in the
Poet
’
s corner of
Westerminster
Abbey
①
仙后
(for Queen
Elizabeth)
T
he
theme
is
not
“Arms
and
the
man”,
but
something
more
romantic
“Fierce
wars
and
faithfull
loves”.
Artistic features:
1.
Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a
stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in
iambic pentameter, and last
line in
iambic hexameter.
②
牧人日历
The theme is to lament over
the loss of Rosalind.
③
爱情小唱
?
2.
Thomas? More<
/p>
托马斯
?
莫尔
1
478~1535
One of the greatest English
humanists
①
乌托邦
3.
Francis? Bacon
弗兰
西斯·培根
1561~1626
<
/p>
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物
主义哲学
的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
）
< br>
Philosopher, scientist,
lay the foundation for modern science. The first
English essayist.?
Writing
style:brevity,
compactness&powerfulness,
well-arranging
and
enriching
by
Biblical
allusions,
metaphors and p
hilosophy to
man’s reason.
①
学术的推进
<
/p>
②
随笔
(famous quotas:
The theme of Of
Studies: uses and benefits of study and
different ways adopted by different people to
pursue
studies.
4. Ben Jonson
①
②
狐狸
5.
Christopher?
Marlowe
柯里斯托弗·马洛
1564~1595
“University
Wits”, the pioneer of English drama
（完善了无韵体诗。
）
Blank verse: written in
unrhymed iambic pentameter.
①
浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）
②
帖木耳大帝
?
③
Malta>
马耳他的犹太人
6.
William Shake
speare
威廉·莎士比亚
1564~1616?
①
Historical
plays: Henry VI Henry IV : Richard III Henry V
；
Richard
II
；
Henry VIII
②
Four
Comedies
四大喜剧
:
皆大欢喜
;
第十二夜
;
<
br>
<
br>couplets <
br>1707~1754
’
S
Dream>
仲夏夜之梦
;
威尼斯商人
③
Four
Tragedies
四大悲剧
:
哈姆莱特
;
奥赛罗
;
李尔王
;
麦克白
④
Shakespeare
Sonnet :
154
Three quatrain
and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a
lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic
pentameter restricted to a
definition rhyme scheme.
III
The 17th Century
1.
John Milton
约翰·
弥尔顿
1608~1674
（诗人、政论家
;
失明后写
《失乐园》
、
《复乐园》
、
《力士参孙》
。
）
①
Epics:
失乐园
复乐园
②
Dramatic poem:
< Samson Agonistes>
力士参孙
③
论出版自由
?
为英国人民声辩
④
我的失明
This sonnet is written in iambic
pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of
Italian sonnet.
Its theme
is that people use their talent for God, and they
serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.
2.
John Bunyan
约翰·班扬
1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》
，宗教寓言，
被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”
，是英国文学史上里程碑式著
作。与但丁的《神曲》
、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。<
/p>
）
Puritan
poet(
清教徒派诗人
)
①
Religionary
Allegory:
’
s
Progress>
天路历程
3
. John Donne
the
Metaphysical poet(
玄学派诗人
).
Metaphysical Poetry(
玄学诗
)
：
（用语）
the diction is simple, the imagery is from
the actual, (
形式
)the form is
frequently an argument with the
poet
’
s beloved, with god, or
with himself.
（主题：
love,
religious, thought
）
Artistic features:
1.
conceits or
imagery
奇思妙喻
2.
syllogism
三段论
①
Meditations
沉思录
The Flea
虱子
②
Songs And
Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③
Valediction:
IV The 18th Century
A revival of interest in
the old classical works, order, logic, restrained
emotion(
抑制情感
) and accuracy
The Age of
Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a
furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and
16th
centries, a progressive
intellectual movement, reason(rationality),
equality&science(the 18th century)
小说崛起：
In the mid-century, the newly literary
form, modern English novel rised(realistic
novel
现实主义小说
)
Gothic novel(
哥特式小说
)
：
mystery, horror,
castles(from middle part to the end of century)
1.
Alexander?
Pope
亚历山大·蒲柏
1688~1744
（
18
世纪
英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”
/
“
heroic
”
。词句工整、精练、富有
哲理性。
）
One of the first to introduce
rationalism to England.
①
批评论
Artistic features:
“heroic couplets”
②
卷发遇劫记
③
道德论
人论
愚人记
2.
Samuel
Johnson
塞缪尔约翰逊
1709~1784
①
英语大词典
3.
Jonathan Swif
t
乔纳森·斯威夫特
1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家
a master
satirist
。
）
①
’
s
Travels>
格列佛游记
(fictional
work)
Four parts:
Lilliput
小人国
Brobdingnag
大人国
Flying Island
飞岛
Houyhnhnm
马岛
一个小小的建议
②
书战
③
木桶的故事
④
’
s
Letters>
一个麻布商的书信
4.
Daniel Defoe
丹尼尔·
笛福
1660~1731
小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
He
is
the
first
writer
study
of
the
lower-class
people,hislanguage
is
smooth,
easy,
colloquial
and
mostly
vernacular, and he is
the founder of realistic novel.
①
Crusoe>
鲁宾逊漂流记
It praise the fortitude of
the human labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive
and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened
man,tempered by numerous trials in
his
eventful life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson,
narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and
marooned on a lonely
island, struggles
to live for 24-years there and finally gets
relieved and returns to England.
②
③
④
5.
Henry Fielding
亨利·菲尔丁
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”
。
）
He is called
“
Father of English
novel
”
. He was the first to
write a
“
Comic epic in prose
”
(
散文体史诗
), and
the first to give the modern
novel its structure and style.
①
novels:
弃婴汤姆·琼斯
约瑟夫·安德鲁
大诗人江奈生·威尔德
爱米利亚
②
plays:
一七三六年历史记事
堂吉柯德在英国
6.
Oliver Goldsmith
奥利弗·格尔德斯密斯
1730~1774
①
poems:
旅游人
荒村
②
novel:
威克菲尔德牧师传
7.
Richard
Brinsley Sheridan
理查德·布林斯利·施莱登
1751~1816
①
情敌
②
for
Scandal>
造谣学校
8.
William Blake
威廉·布莱克
1757~1827
①
天真之歌
A happy and innocent world from
children’s eye.
②
经验之歌
A word of misery, poverty, disease, war
and repression with a melancholy tone from men
eyes.
Include:
Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③
天堂与地狱的婚姻
9.
Robert Burns
罗伯特·彭斯
1759~1796
The
greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the
Scottish Dialect
主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①
约翰·安德生，我的爱人
②
一朵红红的玫瑰
③
往昔时光
④
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