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高级英语答案
UNIT 1
Part 1
Text-processing
Teacher-
aided Work
Lead-in
Listen
to
the
recorder
and
take
notes.
Then
fill
in
each
gap
in
the
following
passage
with
ONE
word
according
to
what
you
have
heard.
Finish your work
within 10 minutes.
Tape script:
E. B. White was born in 1899 in Mount
Vernon, New York. He served in
the
army
before
going
to
Cornell
University.
There
he
wrote
for
the
college newspaper, the
Cornell Daily Sun. After he graduated, he worked
as
a
reporter
for
the
Seattle
Times
in
1922
and
1923.
As
he
put
it,
he
found that he was ill-
suited for daily journalism, and his city editor
had
already reached the same
conclusion, so they came to an amicable parting
of the ways.
In
1927
he
became
a
writer
for
The
New
Yorker
magazine,
where
he
became well
k
nown. He wrote columns for Harper’s
magazine from 1938
to
1943,
which
resulted
in
an
anthology
entitled
One
Man’s
Meat
and
published in 1942.
White’s
career had already brought him much fame, but he
was about to
try something
new. His nieces and nephews always asked him to
tell them
stories,
so
he
began
writing
his
own
tales
to
read
to
them.
In
1945
he
started publishing these
stories as books. All three, Stuart Little (1945),
Charlotte’s
Web
(1952)
and
The
Trumpet
of
the
Swan
(1970),
are
now
considered
cla
ssics of children’s
literature.
His best essays
appear in three collections: One Man’s Meat
(1944), The
Second
Tree
from
the
Corner
(1954)
and
The
Points
of
My
Compass
(1962).
In 1959, White edited and updated The
Elements of Style. This handbook
of
gramm
atical
and
stylistic
dos
and
don’ts
for
writers
of
American
English
had
been
written
and
published
in
1918
by
William
Strunk
Jr.,
one
of
White’s
professors
at
Cornell.
White’s
rework
of
the
book
was
extremely well received. The volume is
a standard tool for students and
writers, and remains required reading
in many composition classes.
In 1977 he
was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his lifetime’s
work.
White
died
on
October
1,
1985
at
his
farm
home
in
North
Brooklin,
Maine, after a long fight with
Alzheimer's Disease. He was cremated, and
his ashes were buried beside his wife
at the Brooklin Cemetery.
A leading
essayist and literary stylist of his time, White
is known for his
crisp, graceful,
relaxed style. To him, “style not only reveals the
man, it
reveals hi
s
identity, as surely as would his fingerprints.”
(The Elements of
Style)
The
subtlety,
the
sentiment,
the
facility
and
sensitivity
with
words
—
all mark
him out from his fellow essayists.
“
Once More to the Lake”,
selected from E. B. White’s One Man’s Meat,
is the story of a man returning to his
younger days by revisiting a lake
from
his
childhood.
Throughout
the
trip
he
hovered
between
being
an
older man and a younger boy and felt
that “the years were a mirage and
there
had been no years.” But throughout the
story, there are small hints
that are
just enough not to let him fall completely into
his dream and to
remind him that man is
mortal after all.
Passage for gap-
filling:
E. B. White, an American
writer, was born in 1899. After his graduation
from Cornell University in 1822, he
reported for a newspaper. In 1927 he
became a writer for The New Yorker
magazine. He wrote 1) columns for
Harper’s magazine from 1938 to 1943. In
1945 he started publishing 2)
tales
he
had
written
for
his
nieces
and
nephews
in
book
form.
White
wrote a large number of 3) essays, and
the best of them were published in
three collections. In 1959, he edited
and updated The Elements of Style, a
handbook by one of his professors at
Cornell. In 1977 he was awarded a
Pulitzer Prize for his
lif
etime’s work, and he died in
1985.
“
Once
More
to
the
Lake”,
selected
from
his
One
Man’s
Meat,
is
the
story of a man returning
to his younger days by coming back to a lake he
had visited when a boy. Throughout the
trip he felt that he had a 4) double
identi
ty
and
that
“there
had
been
no
years.”
But
throughout
the
story,
there are just enough hints to remind
him that time passes and man must 5)
die after all.
In-depth Comprehension
1.
Questions
1)
Para 1: What happened to
the author’s father when he was in
a
canoe?
Was it good or bad? How do you
know?
His father’s canoe overturned and
he fell into the lake with all his clothes
on. That was something bad, for it is
mentioned together with another bad
thing
—
getting
ringworm,
and
is
excluded
from
what
made
the
visit
a
success.
2)
Para
1:
What
does
“a
saltwater
man”
mean?
Since
when
has
the
author
become a saltwater man? Give your reasons.
“
Saltwater”
here
refers
to
seawater,
which
is
salty.
“A
saltwater
man”
doesn’t mean a man who drinks
saltwater, but one who
bathes in the
sea,
because
the
intention
in
going
to
the
seaside
was
to
vacation
there.
(Attention:
One
should
be
careful
about
the
actual
relation
between
a
noun as modifier and the
noun modified) Most probably, the author has
gone to the seaside for vacation
instead of the lake in Maine since he got
married and had a family of his own.
3)
Para 2: What
does the author mean by saying his son “had never
had
any
freshwater
up
his
nose”
and
“had
seen
lily
pads
only
from
train
windows?”
He
means that the boy had always gone with him to the
seaside for his
holidays and never
bathed in a freshwater lake where you often find
lily
pads, that is, water lily with its
large, floating leaves. He had only seen
them from train windows. The author
here states the result (freshwater up
his nose) rather than the cause
(swimming in freshwater), which is a case
of metonymy.
4)
Para
2:
How
could
the
tarred
road,
which
had
no
life,
have
“found
out” the lake? What
is the author’s real meaning? Was it good or bad
in
the author’s o
pinion?
What is your reason for this conclusion?
The lifeless tarred road is here
personified (compared to a human being)
by the use of the verb “found out”. The
author’s real meaning is that the
tarred road must have extended to the
lake. He views it as a bad thing,
because he mentions it together with
“
other ways it (the lake)
would be
desolated.”
5)
Para 2: How can a
person’s mind move in grooves, which are physical?
How would the author have said it in
plain words?
A groove is a long narrow
hollow path or track in a surface, esp. to guide
the
movement
of
something.
Here
a
person’s
mind
is
compared
to
something that moves in grooves. In
plain words, the author would have
said
“Once you recall the past.”
6)
Para 2: What does “clear”
in “extend clear to” me
an? How would
the
author
have
probably
described
the
partitions
if
he
had
used
an
affirmative
sentence?
What
is
the
author’s
intention
in
describing
the
partitions?
Here
“clear”
means
“all
the
way”.
Using
an
affirmative
sentence,
the
author would probably
have said
“The partitions in
the camp
were thin
and there
were blanks between their tops and the top of the
rooms.” He
describes the partitions to
imply that they were not soundproof and that
that was the reason for his soft
actions.
7)
Para 2: Is it
possible that there is a cathedral on the shores
of the lake?
If not, what does
“cathedral” really refer to? And why does the
author call
it a cathedral?
A
cathedral
is
a
big
church
that
serves
as
the
official
seat
of
a
bishop,
which is usually located in a fairly
large town or city. So it is impossible
that there is a real cathedral by the
lake. The author here is comparing the
lake, which is holy to him, to a
cathedral.
8)
Para 3: What
is the author’s intention in saying “you would
live at the
shore and eat
yo
ur meals at the
farmhouse?”
He says this to
imply that the farmhouses were very near to the
shore of
the lake, which in turn
supports the idea that the lake had never been
what
you would call a wild lake.
9)
Para 5: What is a mirage?
What does the author m
ean by “the years
were a mirage and there had been no
years?”
A mirage
is an optical effect sometimes seen at sea or in a
desert caused
by bending or reflection
of light by a layer of heated air
(
海市蜃楼
). Here
it
refers
to
something
unreal,
illusory.
The
author
means
that
the
years
that
had
passed
appeared
to
be
unreal
because
nothing
of
consequence
had really
changed.
10)
Para 5: Does a
rowboat really have a chin? What does “chucking
the
rowboat under the chin”
mean?
Both
the
rowboat
and
the
lake
are
personified
by
the
use
of
the
words
“chuck”
and
“chin”.
“Chuck”,
here
meaning
“stroke
gently
with
the
hand”, refers actually to “beat very
lightly”, and “chin” here refers to that
part of the bow (the front part) which
protrudes over the water.
11)
Para
5:
Which
does
“catch”
in
“the
dried
blood
from
yesterday’s
catch” refer
to, an action
or things? What is your reason?
“
Catch” here does not mean
the action of catching, but what is caught,
referring
specifically
to
fish that
had
been
caught,
because
“yesterday’s
catch” could shed blood.
12)
Para
5:
Was
it
really
the
author’s
hands
that
held
his
son’s
rod,
his
eyes that were watching?
If not, what does he mean?
“
It was my hands that held
his rod, my eyes watching” simply repeats
what
is
meant
by
“I
began
to
sustain
the
illusion
that
he
was
I”
in
Paragraph 4.
13) Para 6:
Which is usually bigger and stronger, a bass or a
mackerel?
Give your
reasons.
A bass is usually bigger and
stronger than a mackerel, because the angler
usually has to use a landing net when
pulling in a bass, while he does not
have to do so when landing a mackerel.
14) Para 6: Can a lake move to another
place? If not, why does the author
say
“the lake was exactly where we had left
it?”
Here “the lake” refers
to the level of the body of water. If the level
rises,
it will cover a wider area, and
will seem to have moved.
15)
Para
6:
What
does
“attendance”
mean?
How
is
the
attendance
doubled?
“
Attendance”
usually
means
the
number
of
people
present
on
a
particular occasion, but here refers to
the number of minnows swimming
in the
water. The attendance was doubled by their
shadows.
16)
Para 6: What
does “cultist” mean? Whom does “this cultist”
refer to
in this context?
“
Cultist” means “a follower
of a particular custom”, here referring to the
person always washing himself with a
cake of soap.
2.
Multiple-choice Questions
1)
The author would like it better
_______A________.
A.
if the lake were completely wild
B.
if there were more
farmhouses near the lake
C.
if the lake were more easily accessible
by car
D.
if
they could eat right in their camp
Explanation:
The
phrase
“wish
for
the
placidity
of
a
lake
in
the
woods”
and
the
sentence
“I
was
sure
the
tarred
road
would
have
found
it
out
and
I
wondered in what other ways it would be
desolated” show that the author
likes a
wild lake which is not spoilt by human activity.
2)
The
arrival
of
the
author
and
his
family
at
the
lake
is
described
in
Paragraph _______C_______.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Explanation:
Paragraph 4 begins with “I was right
about the tar: it led to within half a
mile
of
the
shore”
and
that
indicates
that
the
a
uthor
is
beginning
to
describe
what
he
actually
saw
of
the
lake
area
on
this
trip,
while
the
previous paragraphs only tell about his
recollections and guesses.
3)
What is common to
Paragraphs 4, 5, and 6 is _______D_______.
A.
that they are
about the same length
B.
that they are of the same degree of
difficulty
C.
that they tell
about the experiences of the same people
D.
that
they
describe
the
illusion
of
the
exact
repetition
of
the
same
scenes
Explanation:
“
It
was going to be pretty much the same as it
had been before” in Para
4, “everything was as it always had
been” in Para 5, “there had been no
years” in Para 6 and the frequent
repetitions of the word “same” in these
paragraphs show that the answer is D.
4)
Which of the
following is false?
_______A_______
A.
Paragraph 3 describes the lake as the
author sees it when he visits it
this
time.
B.
Paragraph 4 tells
about the resemblance of the father and son of the
present to those of the past.
C.
Paragraph
5
focuses
on
the
sameness
of
the
scenes
of
fishing
at
different times.
D.
Paragraph 6 emphasizes
the unchangeableness of the lake.
Explanation:
“
That’s
what
our
family
did”
and
“there
were
places
in
it
which,
to
a
child at least, seemed infinitely
remote and primeval” hint that the author
is describing his impressions of the
lake when he came as a child with his
father, not as a father on this trip.
5)
From this excerpt we can
see that the author ________B________.
A.
is a conservative
B.
is a nostalgic nature-
lover
C.
is a muddle-headed
person who cannot tell the present from the past.
D.
lives a double life.
Explanation:
The
author
loves
the
wild
lake,
and
hates
it’s
being
spoilt
by
human
activity. He indulges
in recollections of the past and often feels as if
there
had been no years. So we say that
he is a nostalgic nature-lover.
Extension from the Text
1.
Speaking
Based
on
clues
in
the
text
alone,
say
something
about
the
author
(his
nationality, the approximate date of
his birth, his age when he wrote this
essay, his family, etc.) and give
reasons for what you say.
The
author
was
American
because
when
he
was
still
a
boy
his
family
often
visited a lake in Maine, which is a state of the
US. In the year 1904,
he was still a
teenager, so he was probably born around 1890.
When he
wrote this essay he had a son
about the same age as he had been when he
went with his father to the lake, so he
was now about forty. Most probably,
he
had a family of three, because he had only one son
and must have had
a wife though he
never mentions her.
2.
Cloze
Up to the farmhouse to dinner through
the teeming, dusty field, the road
under
our
sneakers
was
only
a
two-track
road.
The
middle
track
was
missing,
the
1)
one
with
the
marks
of
the
hooves
and
the
splotches
of
dried,
flaky
manure.
There
had
always
been
2)
three
tracks
to
choose
from in choosing
which track to walk in; now the 3) choice was
narrowed
down to two. For a
moment I 4) missed terribly the middle
alternative.
But the way led past the
tennis 5) court, and something about the way it
lay
there
in
the
sun
reassured
me;
the
tape
had
loosened
along
the
backline, the alleys were green with
plantains and other 6) weeds, and the
net (installed in June and removed in
September) sagged in the dry noon,
and
the
whole
place
steamed
with
midday
7)
heat
and
hunger
and
emptiness. There was a choice of pie
for dessert, and one was blueberry
and
one
was
apple,
and
the
8)
waitresses
were
the
same
country
girls,
there
having
been
no
9)
passage
of
time,
only
the
illusion
of
it
as
in
a
dropped
curtain
—
the
waitresses
were
still
fifteen;
their
hair
had
been
washed, that was the
only 10) difference
—
they had
been to the movies
and seen the pretty
girls with the clean hair.
Explanations:
1)
“The
. . .” is in
apposition to “the middle track” and refers to it.
“One” is used to avoid the repetition
of “track”.
2)
“A
two
-
track
road”
and
“the
middle
track
was
missing”
tell
us
that
there had been three
tracks before.
3)
“Three
tracks to choose from” and “. . . was narrowed
down to two”
show that the blank must
refer to “the number of things to choose from”,
which is the meaning of
“choice”.
4)
As
the middle track was missing, the relation between
the author and
the
track
can
only
be
mental,
and
the
word
“terribly”
shows
that
it
is
emotional
—regretting the
absence of something one loved. So “missed”
is the right word.
5)
“The way led past . . .”
and “it lay there” indicate that “the tennis . .
.”
refers to a location related to the
game of tennis, so it must be the tennis
“court”. This is further proved by the
description of the “tape”, “alleys”
and
“net”.
6)
“Plantain” is a weed, “other . . .”
must be “other weeds”.
7)
“June”,
“September”,
“noon”,
“steamed”
and
“midday”
all
connote
high temperature. In
“steamed with . . . “, the blank states the reason
for
“steaming”, which can only be
“heat”.
8)
The
subject of “. . . were the same country girls”
must refer to females.
These females
must be related to the supply of such foods as
blueberry
pie and apple pie. So they
were either cooks or waitresses. But “the whole
place”
was
not
the
author’s
home,
so
the
females
were
not
cooks,
but
waitresses, who are further described
later in the passage.
9)
In
“no . . .
of
time”,
the
blank
must
refer
to
a
phenomenon
with
“time”, which is either “passage” (a
noun derived from the verb “pass”)
or
“stopping”, or “waste” or “saving”. “No passage of
time” is reasonable
because “the
waitresses were the same country
girls.”
10) The waitresses
were the same as those of the past in
age
—
still fifteen.
But they had washed their hair because
they had been to the movies and
seen
the pretty girls with the clean hair, whereas the
waitresses of the past
had
had no chance of seeing movies, which did not
appear until 1911. So
the clean hair
was a “difference.”
3.
Translating
Translate the
underlined part of the following passage into
Chinese.
Summertime,
oh
summertime,
pattern
of
life
indelible,
the
fade-proof
lake,
the
woods
unshatterable,
the
pasture
with
the
sweet
fern
and
the
juniper forever and
ever, summer without end; this was the background,
and
the
life
along
the
shore
was
the
design,
the
cottagers
with
their
innocent and
tranquil
design, their
tiny
docks
with the
flagpole
and
the
American flag floating against the
white clouds in the blue sky, the little
paths over the roots of the trees
leading from camp to camp and the paths
leading back to the outhouses and the
can of lime for sprinkling, and at
the
souvenir counters at the store the miniature
birch-bark canoes and the
post cards
that showed things looking a little better than
they looked. This
was
the
American
family
at
play,
escaping
the
city
heat,
wondering
whether
the
newcomers
in
the
camp
at
the
head
of
the
cove
were
“common” or “nice,” wondering whether
it was true that the people who
drove
up for Sunday dinner at the farmhouse were turned
away because
there wasn’t
enough chicken.
……这一切是底色，
湖四周的生活是这底色上的图案。
村民们编织着
他们纯洁而宁静的生活图案；
小小的码头上竖着旗杆，
美国国
旗在蔚
蓝的天幕下迎风飘扬，映衬着朵朵白云。小径越过树根，从一栋小屋
通向另一栋小屋，最后折回到户外厕所和放置喷洒用的石灰罐的地
方。百货店的纪念品柜台上，摆放着白桦树雕成的微形独木舟；明信
片上
的景物比它们本来的样子显得稍许好看些。这是闲适的美国家
庭，不受城市酷热的煎熬，
拿不准小湾尽头的新来者是“一般人”呢
还是“有教养的人”
，
也拿不准星期天驱车来农庄吃饭的那些人因鸡
肉不够而被拒之门外的传说是不是真的。<
/p>
Chinese Version
of the Text
再度游湖
(
节选
)
1
有一年夏天，
是
1904
年前后吧，
我父亲在缅因州的一个湖边租了
一间营房，
带着我们大家到那儿去过八月。
我们个个都患了小猫传染
的
铜钱癣，
不得不在臂上腿上日日夜夜涂庞氏膏；
父亲划独木舟时
和
衣翻进了湖里；但是除了这些，假期过得很开心。自此之后，我们谁
< br>都认为世上再没有像缅因州那个湖那么好的去处了。一年又一年夏
天，我们回到湖
畔度假——总是八月一日去，接着待上一整月。从此
我一直都是到海边浸咸水。但是夏天
有时候潮涨潮退不得一会儿安
宁，海水凉得刺骨，整个下午，海风刮得没完没了，一直刮
到晚上。
这一切都使我向往森林里一个小湖的宁静。
几周前，<
/p>
这渴望愈来愈强
烈，
于是买了几个刺鳍鱼
钓钩，
一个旋转钓饵，
回到以前度假的湖畔，
< br>打算钓一个礼拜的鱼，重游昔日常去的地方。
2
我是带着儿子去的。他鼻子里从来
没有呛过淡水，也只在火车窗
口见过睡莲叶子。
到湖边去途中，
我开始琢磨那湖如今成了什么样儿，
琢磨着岁月把这个无与伦比的圣地毁坏到了什么地步——那一个个
小湾，那一条条溪流，
还有那一座座落日依偎的小山，那一间间营房
以及房后的一条条小路，
< br>都怎么样了？我想，
那条柏油路一定一直修
到了湖边，琢
磨着破坏湖景的还有哪些东西。也真怪，你一旦开始回
忆往事，关于那样的地方你记得的
是那么多。你想起了一件事，那件
事突然又让你想起另一件事。我想，我记得最清楚的是
湖水清凉，纹
丝不动的清晨；
我记起营房卧室里飘着建房用的木
材的香味，
还有从
纱窗透进来的潮湿的树木的气味。隔板很薄，
没有一直伸到屋顶；而
我总是最早起床，只得悄悄穿好衣服，免得吵醒别人，然后蹑手蹑
脚
地溜到芬芳馥郁的野外，登上独木舟，挨着岸边，在松树长长的影子
< br>中向前划去。我记得自己非常小心，不让桨叶擦着船舷上沿，唯恐打
破了这圣地的
宁静。
3
那湖一向就不是你所说的那种不见人迹的湖。湖畔散落着农舍，
尽管周围树木蓊郁，但外
围是农田。有的农舍是邻近庄户人家的。度
假者住在湖边，但到农舍就餐。我家当时就是
这样。然而，这湖虽不
是完全不见人迹，倒也相当大，无车马之喧。而且至少对一个孩子
来
说，有些去处似乎无限遥远而古老。
4
关于柏油路，我果然猜中了。这路
已修到离岸边只有半英里的地
方。
但是，
当我带儿子回到那儿，
在农庄附近的一间营房里安顿下来，
开
始度过那种熟悉的夏令时光，
我看得出，
情况会跟以前没有多大
差
别——第一天清晨，我躺在床上，闻着卧室的木材气味，听见儿子蹑
< br>手蹑脚溜出屋子，登上小船沿岸划去，我就知道这一点。我开始产生
了一种幻觉：儿子就是我，而我，经过简单的换位，就成了我父亲。
我们在
那儿逗留的那些天里，
这种感觉挥之不去，
时时会冒出来。
当
然，这种幻觉以往并非从来都不曾有过
，但在这种场景里，就更加强
烈了。我似乎在过着双重的生活。我常常正做着某种极普通
的事，正
拾起一只鱼饵盒，或是放下一只餐叉，或是正说着什么。突然间，我
觉得是我的父亲，而不是我，在说着这话，在做着这事。那是一种让
人浑身
发麻的感觉。
5
< br>当天上午，我们去钓鱼。我抚摸着鱼饵罐里盖着虫子的同样湿润
的青苔，
看见那只蜻蜓在离水面几英寸的地方盘旋，
然后落到我的钓
竿梢上。正是这只蜻蜓的到来使我毫无疑问地相信，一切就像从前，
岁月不过
是海市蜃楼罢了，
根本就未曾流逝。
我们把船泊在湖中垂钓，<
/p>
那轻波细浪还是原样，轻抚着船头下面，船还是那条船，颜色依旧碧
绿，
船肋依旧在原处断裂。
舱板下残留着的依旧是那样一些淡
水残渣
废弃物——
一只只死掉的鱼蛉
幼虫，一团团苔藓，生锈的废钓钩，
昨天钓到的鱼留下的血迹。
我们默默地凝视着钓竿末梢，
凝视着飞来
飞去的蜻蜓。我把钓竿
放低，让竿梢浸到水里，尝试地、若有所思地
把蜻蜓赶离竿梢。蜻蜓飞开两英尺，悬空不
动，然后又飞回来，落在
钓竿上更远一点的地方。
这只蜻蜓躲闪
的情形跟原来那只蜻蜓——记
忆中的蜻蜓——躲闪的情形之间并没有岁月的流逝。
我瞧瞧儿子，
他
正默默地注视着他的钓竿上的
蜻蜓，
我觉得拿着钓竿的是我的手，
注
视着的是我的眼睛。
我不禁头晕目眩起来，
分不清自己坐在哪根
钓竿
后面。
6
我们钓到了两条刺鳍鱼，
轻捷地把它们拖过来，
像是拖鲭鱼似的，
连抄网
都没用就熟练地拖进了船舱，
在它们头上敲了一下，
把它们打<
/p>
昏。我们回到岸边，想在午饭前游一会泳，发现湖水淹到的地方跟我
们离开时完全一样，
离码头还是那几英寸远，
湖面上仅有一丝
丝微风。
这湖水仿佛是一片完全被法术镇住的海洋。
你可以离开
它，
听其自然，
几个钟头之后再回来，
会发现它依然纹丝未动，
还是那一泓坚贞可靠
的静水。浅水处，
一丛丛被水浸透的黑色的枝梢，光滑而陈旧，在湖
底起伏，
下面
衬着有一条条波纹的洁净的湖沙，
贻贝爬过的痕迹清晰
可见。一
群鲦鱼游过，每一条都投下一条纤细的影子，鱼仿佛多了一
倍，在阳光照耀下，清晰鲜明
。其他一些宿营者正沿着岸边游着，其
中一人拿着一块肥皂，湖水显得浅而清，仿佛一片
虚空。多少年来，
总有这么个拿着肥皂的人，这么个有洁癖的人，而现在他也在这里。<
/p>
岁月从未流逝。
Part 2
Tool-
sharpening
Words and Phrases
Exercises
1.
Multiple-choice Questions
1)
______C______ that their interests were
threatened, they maintained
large
standing armies.
A. Believed
B. Confident
C. Convinced
D.
Trusted
2)
He has erected a
multitude of new offices, and sent here ____A____
of officers to harass our
people, and eat out their substance.
A.
swarms
B.
schools
C. flocks
D. herds
3)
Although more recent digital systems
have attempted to address these
fundamental issues, security problems
continue to ____D____.
A.
persevere
B. insist
C. stick
D. persist
4)
The
world
has
become
____B____
unified
place
in
economic,
political and
military terms and subsequently in cultural forms.
A. a unique
B. a
single
C. an only
D. a
sole
5)
People complained
that _____A____ rains have paralyzed life in the
capital city.
A. incessant
B. continuous
C. continual
D.
endless
6)
There
are
four
hours
of
lessons
each
morning,
and
in
the
afternoon
students are left to their own
_____D_____.
A. shifts
B. methods
C. control
D. devices.
7)
At
the national conventions no woman has ____C____
been asked to
serve on the platform
committee.
A. once
B. before
C. ever
D. formerly
8)
Still, she is so afraid
of nighttime raids by both the special police and
criminals _____C_____ like police
officers that she sleeps in her clothes.
A. put on
B. worn
C. dressed
D. were clothed
9)
The human weaknesses he
illustrates are mostly to do the scheming,
deceit and hypocrisy which mask them.
______B_____ of the characters
are wholly evil, though.
A.
Nobody
B. None
C. No one
D. Not one
10) Ghosts
are
often
associated
with
a
chilling
_____D_____,
but
a
natural
animal response to fear is hair raising, which can
be mistaken for
chill.
A. perception
B.
emotion
C. sense
D. sensation
2.
Translation (with the
words or phrases in parentheses)
1)
那人确信自己能够治好他们的铜钱癣，但他们不相信。
(convin
ce,
believe)
The man was
convinced / sure that he could cure them of their
ringworm /
of his ability to cure them
of their ringworm, but they did not believe him.
2)
从连续不断的林带传来没完没了的鸦噪。
(continuous, incessant)
From the continuous tree belt came the
incessant cawing of crows.
3)
他坚持要我们坚持这项无法完成的工作。
(persist,
insist)
He insisted that we persist in
the task that was impossible to accomplish.
4)
当时谁也不知道，他根本没有自己所吹嘘的才干。
(no
one, none)
Nobody / No one knew at the
time that he had none of the talent that he
boasted of.
5)
我们
航行到岛上去的时候，
看到一大群海豚和一小群海鸥。
(sch
ool,
flock)
We caught sight
of / saw a large school of dolphins and a small
flock of
seagulls on our voyage to the
island.
6)
他正在穿衣
服的时候，手机响了起来，于是穿好大衣，走了出去。
(put on, dress)
He was dressing (himself) when his cell
(cellular / mobile) phone rang.
Then he
put on his overcoat and went out.
7)
如果你有朝一日再到湖边去，那湖看上去不会像你曾经见到的那
样遥
远而原始。
(once, ever)
If you
ever go to the lake itself again, it will
certainly not look as remote
and
primeval as it once did when you saw it.
8)
园艺师左右树木的生长，而不会听其自然。
(leave
to
sb
’
s
own
devices)
Gardeners
control
the
growth
of
trees
instead
of
leaving
/
rather
than
leave them to their own
devices.
9)
他一出门，一种寒冷的感觉便使得他踌躇不前
,
也使他的情绪平
静下来。
(sensation;
emotion)
Once / As soon as he was
outside / went into the outdoors, a sensation of
coldness made him hesitate, and calmed
down his emotions too.
10)
他
唯一的志向是成为一位风格独特的作家，任何单一的作品都能
使他不朽。
(unique, single, sole)
His sole / only ambition was to become
a writer with a unique style, any
single work of whom would make him
immortal.
Grammar
Exercises
1.
Blank-filling
Fill in the blanks with articles where
necessary:
One afternoon while we were
there at that lake 1) a thunder-storm came
up. It was like 2) the revival of 3) an
old melodrama that I had seen long
ago
with 4)
ⅹ
childish awe. 5) The second-act climax
of 6) the drama
of 7) an electrical
disturbance over 8) a lake in America had not
changed
in any important respect. This
was 9) the big scene, still 10) the big scene.
11)
The
whole
thing
was
so
familiar,
12)
the
first
feeling
of
13)
ⅹ
oppression and heat and 14) a general
air of not wanting to go very far
away.
In mid-afternoon (it was all the same) 15) a
curious darkening of
16) the sky, and
17) a lull in everything that had made 18)
ⅹ
life tick;
and then 19) the way 20) the boats
suddenly swung the other way at their
moorings
with
the
coming
of
a
breeze
out
of
the
new
quarter,
and
the
premonitory rumble.
2.
Proofreading
Peace and
goodness and jollity. The only thing that was
wrong now, really,
was the sound of the
place, an unfamiliar nervous sound of the outboard
motors. This was
the note
∧
jarred,
the one thing that would sometimes break the
that
illusion and set the years move. In
those other summer times
2)
1)
moving
all motors were inboard;
and they were at a little distance,
3)
√
4)
a
5) and
the noise they
made was a sedative . . . they all made
∧
sleepy
sound
across the lake. The one-lungers throbbed,
∧
fluttered,
and
∧
twin-
cylinder ones purred and purred, and that was a
quiet
6) the
sound too. But now the
campers all had outboards. In
∧
daytime,
7) the
in
the hot mornings, these motors made a petulant,
irritable
8)
√
9)
sound; at
night, in the still
evening
∧
the afterglow lit
the water,
when
they whined about one’s ears as
mosquitoes. My boy loved
like
10)
our
rented
outboard,
and
his
great
desire
was
to
achieve
single-handed
mastery over
it, and authority.
Rhetoric
Exercises
1. Figures of
Speech
1)
In
the
following
sentence,
“chucking”
and
“the
chin”
realize
a
personification
(an
ordinary
metaphor;
a
personification;
a
simile;
an
ordinary comparison).
The
small waves were the same, chucking the rowboat
under the chin as
we fished at anchor.
2)
In the
following sentence, there is a simile (an ordinary
metaphor; a
personification; a simile;
an ordinary comparison).
One afternoon
while we were there at that lake a thunder-storm
came up.
It was like the revival of an
old melodrama that I had seen long ago with
childish awe.
3)
The following sentence contains an
ordinary comparison (an ordinary
metaphor; a personification; a simile;
an ordinary comparison).
. . . and from
then on none of us ever thought there was any
place in the
world like that lake in
Maine.
4)
In the metaphor in
the following sentence, “this” and “the life along
the shore” are the tenors (vehicles;
tenors) and “the background” and “
the
design”, the vehicles (vehicles;
tenors).
. . . this was the
background, and the life along the shore was the
design.
5)
In the following
sentence, “deathless” compares a joke to an animal
or a human being (a god; an animal or a
human being).
The campers ran out in
joy and relief to go swimming in the rain, their
bright cries perpetuating the deathless
joke about how they were getting
simply
drenched.
6)
In
the
following
sentence,
“pawed
over”,
which
compares
the
youngsters
from
the
boys’
camp
to
clumsy
animals,
means
“handled
roughly”. (fondled
gently; handled roughly)
After breakfast we would go up to the
store and the things were in the
same place
—
the
minnows in a bottle, the plugs and spinners
disarranged
and pawed over by the
youngsters from the boy
s’
camp.
2
．
Passive
Rhetoric
Identify the topic sentence in
Paragraph 3 of the text and its supporting
details.
Topic
sentence:
The
lake
had
never
been
what
you
would
call
a
wild
lake.
Details:
There
were cottages sprinkled around the shores,
and it was in farming country.
Some of the cottages were owned by
nearby farmers,
and you would live at
the shore and eat your meals at the farmhouse.
That’s what our family did.
UNIT 2
Part 1
Text-
processing
Teacher-aided Work
Lead-in
Listen
to
the
recorder
and
take
notes.
Then
fill
in
each
gap
in
the
following
passage
with
ONE
word
according
to
what
you
have
heard.
Finish your work within 10 minutes
Tape script:
Ernest Hemingway
(1899
—
1961), a Nobel Prize
winner for literature, is
one of the
greatest American writers. His style, the
particular type of hero
in
his
novels,
and
his
life
attitudes
have
been
widely
recognized
and
imitated, not only in English-speaking
countries, but all over the world.
Hemingway was a myth in his own time
and his life was colorful. He was
born
Ernest Miller Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, son
of a successful
physician. Hemingway
was a good son in the sense that he complied with
his parents’ expectations. He
made good grades in school; he wrote
for
the
school
paper
and
literary
magazines;
he
participated
in
sports.
And
Hemingway often went hunting and
fishing with his father or his friends
on
the
lake
near
Charlevoix,
Michigan,
which
provided
him
with
materials that he drew on for some of
his best writing. However, he was
not
comfortable with the polite, effete, but curiously
materialistic culture
of his time.
After high school, he left home for Kansas City
and worked
as a reporter. During World
War I he served as an honorable junior officer
in the American Red Cross Ambulance
Corps near the Italian front, and in
1918 was severely wounded in both legs.
After the war, he went to Paris
as
a
foreign
reporter,
employed
by
The
Toronto
Star.
Influenced
and
guided
by
Sherwood,
Anderson,
Stephen
Crane
and
Gertrude
Stein,
he
became
a
writer
and
began
to
attract
attention.
Later
he
actively
participated in the Spanish Civil War
and World War II. In 1954, he was
awarded the Nobel Prize for literature.
In 1961, in ill health, anxiety and
deep depression, Hemingway shot himself
with a hunting gun.
The Sun Also
Ris
es (1926) is Hemingway’s first true
novel. It casts light
on a whole
generation after the First World War and the
effects of the war
by
way
of
a vivid
portrait of
“The
Lost Generation”,
a
group
of
young
Americans
who
left
their
native
land
and
fought
in
the
war
and
later
engaged
themselves in writing in a new way about their own
experiences.
The young expatriates in
this novel are a group of wandering, amusing,
but aimless people, who are caught in
the war and removed from the path
of
ordinary life.
The
Sun
Also
Rises
was
an
international
success.
But
his
mother
was
strongly
against
what
was
written
in
the
book
and
also
held
a
negative
attitude towards Hemingway’s living
style. Although Hemingway’s career
was
taking off, his personal life was showing cracks.
By 1927, his wife,
Elizabeth
Hadley,
was
to
divorce
Hemingway,
who
was
to
promptly
marry
Pauline
Pfeiffer,
a
girl
Hemingway
had
fallen
in
love
with.
Eventually, Hemingway settled into a
patterned life with Pauline in Key
West. He had also earned a reputation
as a heavy drinker. In this letter,
Hemingway
tried
hard
to
explain
his
life
to
his
parents
and
sincerely
hoped that someday
his parents would like his writing.
Passage for gap-filling:
Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park,
Illinois into the 1) family of a
successful
physician.
Hemingway
behaved
well
in
the
sense
that
he
complied
with
his
parents’
expectations.
However,
he
was
not
comfortable
with
the
2)
materialistic
culture
of
his
time.
During
World
War
I he worked for the Red Cross near the Italian
front. After the war, he
went to Paris
and became a writer. Later he participated in the
Spanish
Civil War and World War II. In
1954, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for
literature. In 1961, he committed 3)
suicide.
The Sun Also Rises (1926),
Hemingway’s f
irst true novel, gives a
vivid
portrait of “The Lost
Generation”, a group of young Americans who left
their native land and fought in the war
and later engaged themselves in
writing
in
a
new
way
about
their
own
experiences.
This
novel
was
an
international success,
but his mother was strongly against the 4)
contents
of
the
book
and
also
5)
disapproved
of
his
living
style.
In
this
letter,
Hemingway
tried
hard
to
explain
his
life
to
his
parents
and
sincerely
hoped that someday
his parents would like his writing.
In-depth Comprehension
1.
Questions
1)
Para
3:
Does
“it
is
not
all
unpleasant”
mean
“it
is
not
extremely
unpleasant” or “it
is not unpleasant in all the parts of the book”?
Why?
It means “not the whole
of the content of the book is unpleasant”. As an
a
dverb, “all” means
“altogether”, “entirely” or “wholly”, which
meaning
is
used
here.
It
may
also
mean
“to
a
very
great
degree”.
But
in
this
meaning,
it
is
either
used
in
the
phrase
“all
the…”,
such
as
“all
the
sooner”,
or in a compound word, such as
“all
-i
mportant”,
“all
-
powerful”,
etc.
2)
Para 3:
Does “such a book” refer to The Sun Also Rises
alone, or the
type of book that it
represents? If it is the latter, then what type of
book is
it?
It refers to a
book like The Sun Also Rises. This kind of book
describes
life as it is. The term for
it is “naturalistic novel”.
3)
Para 3: What does “the
sort of thing…behind closed doors” refer to?
Which
does
Hemingway
stress,
“the
sort
of
thing…”
or
“a
very
lovely
side…” preceding it? Why does he
mention both instead of
only the side
he stresses?
It refers to
bad things people do secretly. Hemingway stresses
it so as to
justify his description of
such things in The Sun Also Rises. He mentions
the good side to show the lack of
reason for his mother’s criticism of his
book, and the bad side as a
justification for what he describes in his book.
4)
Para 3: What is
Hemingway’s implication and intention in saying “I
have a long life to write other books
and the subjects will not always be
the
same?”
The implication is
that he was not going always to write books like
The
Sun Also Rises, which displeased
his mother, and that his mother might
like his other books. His intention is
to reconcile his mother.
5)
Para 5: “Hadley may have divorced me”
expresses a guess. That is to
say,
Hemingway did not exactly know whether Hadley had
divorced him
or not. How would you
account for this fact?
It was very
likely that Hadley, seeing that her husband had
fallen in love
with another woman, had
agreed and promised to divorce him before the
time he was writing this letter. Maybe,
in Paris, where they were living, a
man
or
woman
could
divorce
his
or
her
spouse
without
the
latter’s
presence. Those of
you who can may come up with a better explanation.
6)
Para
5:
What
do
you
think
is
Hemingway’s
reas
on
for
telling
his
mother
that
all
the
profits
and
royalties
of
The
Sun
Also
Rises,
by
his
order,
were being paid directly to Hadley?
This arrangement must have been one of
the conditions for their divorce.
He
told
his
mother
about
this
to
reduce
her
worry
about
her
grandson.
The sentence below
which says “so you can see Bumby on the profits of
The Sun Also Rises” testifies to
this.
7)
Para
5:
Was
the
book
The
Sun
Also
Rises
very
popular?
If
it
was
popular, how do you
know?
Yes. The book had gone into 5
printings (15 000 copies) at that time, and
it was still going strongly. And what’s
more, the profits of the book had
already run to several thousand dollars
at that time.
8)
Para 5:
Judging from the sentenced “I am not taking one
cent of the
royalties,
which
are already
running
into several
thousand
dollars,
have
been drinking nothing but my usual wine
or beer with meals, have been
leading a
very monastic life and trying to write as well as
I am able”, can
you imagine what rumors
Hemingway’s mother
must have
heard of his
life style?
She
must
have
heard
such
rumors
as
her
son’s
extravagance,
heavy
drinking, and merry-making.
9)
Para
5:
Why
does
Hemingway
say
he
and
his
mother
had
different
ideas about what constitutes good
writing?
His mother thought what he
wrote of in the book was a great shame, but
he
didn’t
think
so.
He
thought
what
he
wrote
of
was
only
the
real
presentation of the people in society.
10)
Para
5:
“…but
you
really
are
deceiving
yourself
if
you
allow
any
Fanny
Butchers to tell you that I am
pan
dering to sensationalism…” How
do you understand this part of the
sentence?
Hemingway
despises
Fanny
Butcher
for
her
ignorance
and
he
wants
to
tell his mother what Fanny Butcher said
about the book was false, and she
should not believe it.
11)
Para
5:
How
does
Hemingway
refute
Fanny
Butcher’s
accusation
against him of “pandering to
sensationalism?”
He refutes
her by saying that, though popular magazines such
as Vanity
Fair,
and
Cosmopolitan,
magazines
pandering to
sensationalism,
invited
him to write for
t
hem, he wasn’t interested in it at
all.
12)
Para 5: What is Hemingway’s intention
in saying that he was trying to
write
as well as he could, with no eye on any market,
nor any thought of
what the stuff would
bring, or even if it could ever be published?
Th
is
is
a
further
refutation
of
Fanny
Butcher’s
criticism
of
him.
The
motive for a writer’s
pandering to sensationalism is to make their books
good
sellers so as
to
make
money
out
of
them.
This
is
what she
called
“the lowest ends” in
Paragraph 4. But, in fac
t, he only
wanted to write as
well
as
he
could
with
no
eye
on
any
market,
showing
that
Butcher’s
accusation was
groundless.
13)
Para 5: What
does “the money making trap which handles American
writers” mean?
It
means that American writers, once they decided to
make money out of
their writing, were
forced to write what catered to vulgar interests.
They
were no longer free to write what
they considered really meaningful.
14)
Para 6: Who was the other person that Hemingway
was sending the
letter to? How do you
know?
His father. Later in the
paragraph, he says “Dad has been very loyal and
while you, mother, have not been loyal
at all.”
15) Para 6: Whom
does Hemingway mean his father was loyal to? Why
do you say so? Then what does “loyal”
mean?
He
means
that
his
father
was
loyal
to
his
family
members,
in
this
particular case, to Hemingway. The
reason for this conclusion is that here
he
is
only
talking
about
his
father,
mother
and
himself.
Such
being
the
case, a
son’s loyalty to his parents is the same as filial
duty, and a parent’s
loyalty to his or
her son is paternal or maternal love.
2
．
Multiple-choice
Questions
1)
In
this letter Hemingway tries to _______A______.
A.
persuade his parents to
understand his life and writing
B.
express
his
displeasure
with
his
mothe
r’s
finding
faults
with
his
writing
and life
C.
show his scorn
of the book reviewer Fanny Butcher
D.
discuss literary theory with his mother
Explanation:
Paragraph 7 is
the summary of this letter, which clearly shows
this point.
2)
The Sun Also
Rises was _____C______ .
A.
only an ordinary book
B.
a great disgrace
C.
a great success
D.
a book that caused people pain or
disgust
Explanation:
“The book has gone into, by the last
ads I saw in January, 5 printings
(15,000copies), and is still going
strongly”, “…
the profits of Sun Also
Rises…” and “which are already running
into several thousand dollars”
show
the
book
was
very
popular
and
it
was
a
great
success
for
Hemingway.
3)
Hemingway’s
mother
didn’t
like
his
book
The
Sun
Also
Rises
because ____D___.
A.
it was a book which disgraced her
B.
the book was severely
criticized by the book reviewer Fanny Butcher
C.
the
people
Hemingway
wrote
of
were
burned
out,
hollow
and
smashed
D.
she
couldn’t understand the young people at that
time
Explanation:
“We
have
different
ideas
about
what
constitute
good
writing”
shows his mother
did not like his writing and she couldn’t
understand the
young people at that
time in terms of feelings and values.
4)
“A great talent” in
Paragraph 4 refers to _____C_____.
A.
a character in The Sun
Also Rises
B.
the person who
was the model of a character in the novel
C.
Hemingway himself
D.
the reviewer Fanny
Butcher
Explanation
It
refers
to
Hemingway
himself.
The
sentence
shows
the
reviewer’s
recognition of
Hemingway’s
genius
as
a writer, b
ut
she thought that
he
was
not
making
use
of
his
genius
to
produce
serious
literature,
but
to
make
profits.
5)
It
was
_____B_____
that
Hemingway
calls
his
father
“Dad”,
his
mother
“mother”, his son “Bumby” and his wife
“Hadley”.
A.
quite accidental
B.
due to different emotional distances
C.
to display his literary
skill
D.
a result of his
peculiarity in wording
Explanation:
“Dad”
and
“Mom/Mum”
are
more
intimate
forms
of
“Father”
and
“Mother”;
about
the
same
difference
lies
between
a
person’s
nickname
(e.g. Bumby) and real name (e.g.
Hadley).
Extension from the
Text
1.
Speaking
What
would
you
call
the
disagreement
between
Hemingway
and
his
mother? Give your reasons from the
text.
I would call it a
generation gap, which refers to a lack of
understanding
and communication between
parents and children.
First, mother and
son had different attitudes towards the latter’s
The Sun
Also
Rises.
The
mother
criticized
the
novel
for
describing
unpleasant
things,
while the
son
said,
“It
is
not
all
unpleasant and
I
am
sur
e is no
more unpleasant than the real inner
lives of some of our best Oak Park
families.”
Of
cause,
the
disagreement
arose
at
least
partly
from
the
different standards by which mother and
son judged what was unpleasant,
a
difference in viewpoints towards social customs
and traditions between
two generations
who lived in different times.
Then
the
mother
also
criticized
the
son
for
drinking,
but
in
fact,
her
criticism was based on
hearsay or, to use Hemingway’s term, on legends.
This was due to a lack of intimate
communication between mother and
son.
Behind that was the mother’s obsession with her
owing it to herself
to correct the son
in a path which seemed to her disastrous.
2.
Cloze
You are
fortunate enough to have only been in love with 1)
one woman in
your life. For over a year
I had been in love with two people and had been
absolutely 2) faithful to Hadley. When
Hadley decided that we had better
get a
3) divorce, the girl with whom I was in love was
in America. I had
not 4) heard
from
her
for
almost
two
months.
In
her
last letter
she had
said that we must not 5) think of each
other but of Hadley. You refer to
“Love
Pirates”,
“persons
who
break
up
your
home
etc.”
and
you
know
that I am hot tempered but I know that
it is easy to wish people in Hell
when
you know nothing of them. I have seen, suffered,
and been through
enough so that I do
not wish anyone in 6) Hell. It is because I do not
want
you to suffer with ideas of shame
and 7) disgrace that I now write all this.
We
have
not
seen
much
of
each
other
for
a
long
time
and
in
the
8)
meantime our lives have
been going on and there has been a year of 9)
tragedy in mine and I know
you can appreciate how difficult and almost
10) impossible it is for me to write
about it.
Explanations:
1)
In view of the singular
nu
mber of “woman”, “a” and “one” are
both
possible.
But
“in
love
with
____
woman”
in
this
sentence
forms
a
contrast
with “in love with two people” in the next, the
difference being
the number. So “one
must be used instead of “a”.
2)
Hadley was Hemingway’s
wi
fe, and he was expected to be
faithful to
his wife.
3)
Since Hemingway had been in love with
another woman, his wife’s
decision
about both her and her husband could have been
nothing but a
change in their
relationship
—
a divorce.
4)
“(I) had been
absolutely
faithful to
Hadley” and “the girl with whom I
was
in
love
was
in
America”
show
that
it’s
not
strange
that
the
author
“had not heard from
the girl for two months.”
5)
From the context, we can see, though
both Hemingway and the girl
fell
in
love
with
each
o
ther,
they
didn’t
want
to
hurt
Hadley.
The
girl
meant
that
they
should
not
“think
of”
each
other,
but
should
think
of
Hadley.
6)
“but
I
know
that
it
is
easy
to
wish
people
in
Hell
when
you
know
nothing
of them” and “I have seen, suffered, and been
through
enough so
that
I
do
not
wish
anyone
in
_____”
show
it
should
be
“I
do
not
wish
anyone in hell”. Hemingway
said he didn’t hate anybody.
7)
From the context, we see
we should fill in a word which is a synonym
of the word “shame”, and “disgrace” is
similar to
“shame”.
8)
“We have not
seen much of each other for a long time” and “our
lives
have been going on” describe
events that happen at the same time, so we
use the set phrase “in the
meantime”.
9)
When he found he had fallen in love
with the girl, and since
he didn’t
want to hurt his wife, Hemingway was in
great pain.
10)
The
word
in
the
blank
should
be
absolute
and
stronger
than
“very
difficult”. This word
is “impossible”.
3.
Translating
Translate the
following passage into English.
得病以前，我受
父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园
山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打人冷
宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个
春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客
云集，笑语
四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片
繁华，
自己的哥姐，
堂表弟兄，
也穿插其间，
个个喜气洋洋。
一霎时，
一阵被人摒弃、为世人所遗的悲愤袭上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
Before I fell ill, as my parents had
doted on me excessively, I had lorded
it
at
home,
doing
whatever
I
wished.
Thus,
when
I
was
confined
in
isolation
to
a
cabin
in
the
garden
hillside,
I
suddenly
could
not
help
feeling
that I was left out in the cold, and I kept
thinking sadly that I was
totally neglected. One spring evening,
my parents were holding a dinner
party
in
the
garden,
where
hundreds
of
flowers
were
bursting
into
full
bloom.
A
great
many
guests
were gathering
there,
laughing
and talking
merrily.
Secretly
drawing
the
window
curtain
apart,
I
witnessed
a
vast
hustling
world out
there
in the
garden,
and
saw
all
my
brothers,
sisters
and cousins mingling
together with the grownups. They were all full of
joy and happiness. In an instant, I was
so overwhelmed by the grief and
indignation at being forsaken by the
world that I burst out crying bitterly.
Chinese Version of the Text
厄尼斯特
?
海明威致母亲
亲爱的母亲：
1
十分感谢您给我寄来马歇尔
?
菲尔德展览会的目录，
以及您在其中
展出的
油画
《铁匠铺》
的复制品。
这幅画太棒
了，
我真想看一看原作。
2
您来信谈及《太阳》什么的这本书，我没有回信，因为我忍不住
发脾气
，而且写发脾气的信是件蠢事；尤其是给母亲写这样的信，就
不仅仅是蠢了。
您不喜欢这本书不足为怪，
您看了让您感到痛苦和厌
恶的书，我也很遗憾。
3
另一方
面，我也许没能准确地刻画我所写的人物，或者没能把他
们栩栩如生地展现在读者面前，
除此之外我一点儿也不为这本书感到
惭愧。这本书肯定令人不快
。但也并非全都令人不快，而且肯定并不
比我们奥克帕克村最
体面的人家真正的私生活更令人不快。
您一定记
得，
这样一部书将人们生活中所有最坏的一面都写出来了，
而人们家
里，
既有公众看得到的美好的一面，
也有我曾经观
察到的那一类关起
门来干的勾当。此外，您是一位艺术家，明白人们不应逼作家为所选<
/p>
的题材辩护，
而应当评论他如何处理这一题材。
< br>我所写的人物肯定是
没精神、脑袋空、
醉醺醺——这正是
我试图表现的。我只为这本书在
某些方面没能表达出我真正希望展示给读者的一切而感到
惭愧。
我来
日方长，还可以写其他的书，题材也不会总是相同的
——除了（我希
望）写的都是人这一点相同之外。
4
范妮
?
布
彻小姐并非高明的评论家，
如果她赞扬这本书，
我倒会觉
得傻眼了。
如果在她的指导下的读书俱乐部的那些淑女们一致认为我<
/p>
为了最卑劣的目的而滥用天才等等
,
那
么这些淑女们就是在谈论她
们一窍不通的东西，而且蠢话连篇。
5
至于哈德利、邦比和我自己——虽然哈德利和我已有一段时
间没
有住在同一所房子里了
（我们从去年九月份开始分居，
到如今哈德利
也许已经和我离婚了）
，但我
们仍然非常友好。她和邦比都很好，身
体健康、生活愉快。而且按照我的要求，
《太阳照常升起》这部书的
所有利润和版税都从美国和英国直接寄给哈德
利。
根据我
1
月份看到
的最新广告，这部书已经第五次印刷了（
15000
册
）
，而且仍然热销。
这部书春季在英国以《节日》为题出版发行
。哈德利也将于春天回美
国，所以您能看到邦比得到《太阳照常升起》的利润。虽然版税
已经
达到几千美元，
但我一分钱都没拿，
仍然每餐喝我平时喝的葡萄酒或
啤酒，一直过着僧侣般的生
活，并尽我所能写出好的作品。对于什么
是最好的作品，
我们有
不同的见解——有这种分歧是很自然的——但
是如果您让范妮
?
布彻这种人告诉您我在迎合人们的声色口腹之乐，
等等，等等，
那么您就上了大当了。
《名利场》
、
《
大千世界》等刊物
来信向我约稿，要求我写一些短篇小说、文章、连载，但我最近六个<
/p>
月或者可以说这一年都没有发表作品
（只是在去年年底为斯克里布
纳
杂志写过几个短篇小说，有一篇幽默的小文章已刊登出来）
，
因为我
知道，对我来说，现在是非常关键的时候，安安静静地写作，尽可能
写好，不瞄着市场，也不去想写出来的东西带来的是毁是誉，甚至也
不去想能
否出版。
这远比掉进摆布美国作家们的赚钱陷阱——就像玉
米脱
壳机摆布我那著名的亲戚的大拇指一样——重要得多。
6 <
/p>
我之所以写这样一封信给二老，是因为我知道你们一直都很担心
我
，而我为引起你们担心而深感内疚。但你们不必如此——因为，尽
管我的生活可能遭受种
种破坏，
但我将永远为我所爱的人们去做我所
能做到的一切（我
不经常给家里写信，是因为没有时间，也因为觉得
写信很难，
因
此只写那些不得不写的信——而且，
我的那些真正的朋
友都知道
不管我是否给他们写信，我都一如既往地喜爱他们）
；知道
我从
来不酗酒，
也不经常喝酒
（你们会听到某些传闻说我酗酒——人
们总是把任何一个描写酒徒的作家冠以酗酒的恶名）
；知道我所
想要
的是安宁和写作的机会。
也许你们从未喜欢过我的任何作品
——也许
以后你们会突然非常喜欢某部作品。
但你们一定要相信
，
我真诚地对
待我所写的一切。爸一直非常慈爱，而您，母亲，
您非常严厉，我完
全理解——这是因为您觉得把我从您认为是
灾难性的歧途上拉回来
是您的责任。
7
因此，我们也许可以丢下这事别管了。我肯定，在我的生活
道路
上，
您如果相信一切道听途说，
将
会发现许多理由让您觉得我丢了您
的脸。但另一方面，您如果能以一点慈爱作为一针麻醉
剂，也许能忍
受我那表面上的声名狼藉，最终发现，我丝毫都没有丢您的脸。
8
无论怎样，向二老致以最真心的爱。
厄尼
于格斯塔德
1927
年
2
月
5
日
Part 2
Tool-sharpening
Words and
Phrases
Exercises
1.
Multiple-choice Questions
1)
His
Belgian
servant
sold
a
grey
horse,
very
like
the
one
which
Jos
rode,
at Valenciennes ______B______ during the autumn of
1815.
A. some time
B. sometime
C.
sometimes
D. at sometime
2)
His stepfather was an
alcoholic who could _____D_____ abusive.
A. come
B. go
C. fall
D. turn
3)
Owen’s
poetic
_______B______,
the
horror
and
pity
of
war,
is
set
forth in
strong verse that transfigured traditional meters
and diction.
A. subject
B. theme
C. topic
D. idea
4)
The
stronger
the
economy
of
a
country,
the
______C____
its
currency.
A. faster
B. steadier
C. stabler
D. securer
5)
He
has been invited to one of them to fill a
_____C_____ place.
A. hollow
B. empty
C. vacant
D. emptied
6)
Then she came and _____B______ me
another precious gift: the letter
my
mother had written on her birthday to her friend,
three weeks after my
father’s
death.
A. sent
B. gave
C. delivered
D.
presented
7)
My
mother
left
me
the
wedding
ring
she
gave
my
father,
a
few
moving stories, and the _____D_____
knowledge that she was loving me
for
him too.
A. certain
B. positive
C.
doubtless
D. sure
8)
She
had
never
exchanged
a
single
word
with
Mr.
Crisp,
______A______ under her own eyes on the
two occasions when she had
met him at
tea.
A. except
B. only
C. merely
D. just
9)
He was at a loss
_______A______ what to say on such occasions.
A. as to
B. as for
C. as regards
D.
with regard to
10) He
agreed
to
pay
two
guineas
a
week
so
readily,
that
the
landlady
____B____ she had asked him so little.
A. sorry
B. regretted
C.
repented
D. complained
3.
Translation
(with the words or phrases in parentheses)
1.
他把客人送到火车站之后
,
又把电脑送到买主家。
(see, deliver)
After he had seen the guest to the
railway station, he went to deliver the
computer to the buyer.
2.
我们一直为卖掉这个农场而后悔不已。
(regret)
We’ve always deeply regretted selling
the farm.
3.
她来到台
上时，
观众真正活跃起来，
最后人人似乎都发疯了。
(come,
go)
The
audience
really
came
alive
when
she
appeared
on the stage.
In the
end, everyone seemed
to have gone mad.
4.
我今天讲演的话
题是一本关于清朝的书，
其主题是落后就会挨打。
(subje
ct, theme, topic)
The
topic
of
my
lecture
is
a
book
on
the
subject
of
the
Qing
Dynasty,
whose theme is that
backwardness results in vulnerability to attacks.
5.
那所空房子前面有一座空心岩石和一个空液化气罐。
(empty,
hollow, vacant)
In
front
of
the
vacant
house
there
were
a
hollow
rock
and
an
empty
propane
gas tank.
6.
除了眼泪汪汪的时候，她那双眼睛
简直像夜空最亮的两颗星星。
(except)
Her
eyes
were
like
two
of the
brightest stars
in
the sky
at
night
except
when
they filled with tears.
7.
你倒是有张床睡，至于他，就只能睡在地板上了。
(as
for / as to)
You can have a bed; as for
him, he’ll have to sleep on the floor.
8.
那被绑架到山西的孩子肯定，呆在煤矿意味着必然的死亡
，但逃
跑又没有万全之策。
(sure, certain,
positive)
The boy who had been
kidnapped to Shanxi was positive that staying in
the coal mine meant certain death, yet
he lacked a sure way of escape.
9.
这座博物馆是上世纪五十年代某个时候建造的。有时候有了新展
品，我就
花些时间去参观。
(some time, sometimes,
sometime)
This museum was built
sometime in the 50s of last century. Sometimes,
when new exhibits are added, I will
spend some time visiting it.
10.
政治形势稳定才能确保经济稳定增长。
(steady,
stable)
Only
a
stable
political
situation
can
ensure
the
steady
growth
of
the
economy.
Grammar
Exercises
1. Blank-filling
1) Thanks very much for your letter and
for forwarding the letter to uncle
Tyley.
I
had
a
good
letter
from
him
yesterday.
You
cannot
know
how
badly I feel about having caused you
and mother so 2) much shame and 3)
suffering
—but
I
could
not
write
you
about
all
of
my
and
Hadley’s
4)
troubles even if it were the thing to
do. It takes two weeks 5) for a letter
to cross the Atlantic and I have tried
not to transfer all the hell I have been
through
to
anyone
by
letter.
I
love
Hadley
and
I
love
Bumby
—
Hadley
and I split up
—
I
did not desert her 7) nor was I committing 8)
adultery
with
anyone.
I
was
living
in
the
apartment
with
Bumby
—
looking
after
him
9)
while
Hadley
was
away
on
10)
a
trip
and
it
was
10)
when
she
came
back from this trip that she decided she wanted
the definite divorce.
We arranged
everything 11) and there 12) was no 13) scandal
and no 14)
disgrace.
Our
15)
trouble
had
been
going
on
for
a
long
time.
It
was
entirely my 16) fault and it is no
one’s 17) business. I have nothing 18 but
love, admiration and respect for Hadley
and while we are busted up I 19)
have
not in any way lost Bumby. He lived with me in
Switzerland after
the divorce and he is
coming back in November and will 20) spend this
winter with me in the mountains.
2
．
Proofreading
I will never stop loving Hadley nor
Bumby nor will I cease to look after
them. I will
never stop
loving Pauline Pfeiffer with whom I am married.
I
have now responsibilities toward three
people instead of one.
responsibility
Please understand this and
know that it doesn
’
t
make
∧
easier to
it
write about it.
I do understand how hard is it for you to have to
4) it is
3)
1) to
2)
make
explanation and answer questions and not hear from
me.
explanations
I am a rotten correspondent and it is
almost impossible that I
me
to write about my private affairs.
Without seeking it
—
through
the success of my
books
—
all the profits of
them I have turned
which
over to Hadley because of
all this there is a great deal of talks.
I pay no
attention to any of it and either must you. I have
had
neither
come back to me stories people have
told about me of every
fantastic and
scandalous sort
—
all without
foundations. These
foundation
5)
6)
for
7)
8) talk
9)
10)
sorts
of
stories
spring
up
about
all
writers
—
ball
players
—
popular
evangelists or any pubic performers.
Rhetoric
Exercises
1
．
Figures of
Speech
1)
In the following
sentence, the phrase “to fall into the money
making
trap” is a
metaphor.
It is much more important for me to
write in tranquillity, trying to write as
well as I can, than to fall
into the money making trap.
2)
In the following sentence the
comparison of the money making trap to
a
corn-
husking
machine
by
the
word
“like”
is
a
simile
instead
of
an
ordinary
comparison because the two things are basically
different.
…
which
handles
American
writers
like
the
corn-husking
machine
handled my noted relative’s
thumb.
3)
In
the
following
sentence,
the
simile
“a
little
shot
of
loy
alty
as
anaesthetic”
means
“a
little bit of loyalty
as
a
means to
keep you
from
believing my
alleged disreputability too readily”.
On the other hand with a little shot of
loyalty as anaesthetic you may be
able
to get through all my obvious disreputability.
4)
The word “monastic” in
the following sentence compares the author
to a monk who never seeks worldly
pleasures.
I have been leading a very
monastic life and trying to write as well as I
am able.
5)
In
the
following
sentence
“pandering”
compares
the
auth
or
to
a
panderer/
pimp
who
provides
a
prostitute
to
a
man
seeking
sexual
pleasures.
You really are deceiving yourself if
you allow any Fanny Butchers to tell
you that I am pandering to
sensationalism etc. etc.
6)
In
the
following
sentence,
“artery”
and
“heart”
are
used
metaphorically,
“artery” means main route or channel, and “heart”
refers
to central part.
The geographic core, in Twain’s early
years was the great valley of the
Mississippi
River,
main
artery
of
transportation
in
the
young
nation’s
heart.
2
．
Passive
Rhetoric
1)
Find
the
topic
sentence
in
the
following
passage
and
use
it
as
a
standard to
identify the irrelevant details.
It is
surprising, in this era of laconic correspondents,
that such a hoarder
of
words
as
Ernest
Hemingway
should
have
been
so
garrulous
in
his
letters. After a day that produced
perhaps 500 words, he might turn out a
3,000-word
letter
the
same
evening.
In
these
evenings,
besides
writing
letters,
he
also
drank
beer.
And
where
in
his
work
he
labored
to
be
as
tight-
lipped as possible, to intimate rather than
describe emotion, in his
correspondence
he was profligate, expansive, anecdotal. He often
bought
a lot of paper and very pretty
stamps for his letters.
Topic sentence:
It is surprising, in this era of
laconic correspondents, that such a hoarder
of
words
as
Ernest
Hemingway
should
have
been
so
garrulous
in
his
letters.
Irrelevant details:
a. In
these evenings, besides writing letters, he also
drank beer.
b. He often bought a lot of
paper and very pretty stamps for his letters.
2)
Identify
the
devices
that
the
author
uses
to
achieve
cohesion
in
the
following passage.
Legendary
for his public vanity, he was vulnerable in his
letters; it was as
if writing to
friends provided an occasion to suspend his
natural vigilance.
Not
that
he
di
dn’t
indulge
in
tiresome
bluster
or
a
self
-congratulatory
pose:
Hemingway
the
outdoorsman,
the
lover,
the
intrepid
adventurer
declares himself with a disconcertingly
hollow zeal. But apart from these
ostentatious displays of manliness, the
predominant voice is unguarded,
self-
revealing.
Pronouns: his, he, these
Reiteration:
Hemingway,
the
outdoorsman,
the
lover,
the
intrepid
adventurer
Conjunction: not that, but
UNIT 3
Part 1
Text-processing
Teacher-aided Work
Lead-in
Listen
to
the
recorder
and
take
notes.
Then
fill
in
each
gap
in
the
following
passage
with
ONE
word
according
to
what
you
have
heard.
Finish your work
within ten minutes.