-
英国文学作品与作家
一、
Geoffery
Chaucer
杰弗里?乔叟
1343~1400
<
/p>
(
首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德
莱
顿（
John Dryden
）称其
为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故
事集》。
)
The father of English
poetry.
Writing
style:
wisdom, humor,
humanity.
作品：
①
坎特伯雷故事集：
first time to use
‘
heroic couplet
’<
/p>
(
双韵
体
)
by middle English
②
特罗勒斯与克丽西德
③
声誉之堂
④
公爵夫人之书
⑤
百鸟议会
二、
William Shakespeare
威廉?莎士比亚
1564~1616
l
playwright,poet
评价
comments
：
Widely regarded as the greatest writer
in English literatur
e
莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（
Ben Johnson
）
--
他不属于一个时
代，而是属于。（
He was not of an age, but for
all time.
）
作品：
①
Historical plays:
Henry VI
Henry IV : Richard III He
nry V
；
Richard
II
；
Henry VIII
②
Four Comedies:
皆大欢喜
;
第十二夜
（归纳法）
implies
drawing knowledge from the natural world through
ex
perimentation, observation, and
testing of hypotheses.
（哲学家
、
散文家；
在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是
力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学
的先驱。）
Philosopher, scientist, lay
the foundation for modern s
cience.
The first English essayist.
n
马克思称他为“英国唯物
主义及现代实验科学之父”
Writing style:
brevity, compactness&powerfulness,
well-arranging and e
nriching by
Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy
to
man
’
s
reason.
作品：
①
<
The
Advancement of Learning>
学术的推
进，总结了前人的一切
知识，并进行归类。
< br>②
<
Essays>
随笔
③
<
new
instrument>
新工具，阐述了归纳法
④
<
new
Atlantis>
新大西岛，是乌托邦性质的作品
十七世纪英国诗人
John
Donne
the Metaphysical
poet(17
世纪玄学派诗人
)
??
English poet,
preacher
??
He was
the most outstanding of the English
Metaphysical
Poets
作品
：
??
Songs and Sonnets
《歌与十四行诗》
The Flea
《跳蚤》
The Good-
Morrow
《早安》
Break
of Day
《破晓》
??
Epithalamions, or marriage
songs
《颂歌》
??
Elegies
《挽歌》
On
His Mistress
To His Mistress
Going to bed
??
Divine poems
《圣歌》
??
Holy Sonnets
《神圣十四行诗》
At the Round Earth
’
s
Imagined Corner, Below
Death
Be Not Proud
Artistic
features:
1. conceits or
imagery
奇思妙喻
2.
syllogism
三段论
John
Milton
约翰?弥尔顿
1608~1674
John Milton
was an
English poet,
政论家，
polemicist
(
辩论
家）
He is best known for his epic poem
Paradise Lost,
which
is considered as the greatest English
literary epic.
评价：
William
Hayley's 1796 biography called him the
greatest En
glish
author
. He remains generally regarded
preeminent writers in the English
language and as a thinke
r of world
importance.
写作的
3<
/p>
个主题
:
rch government
orce
ublicanism
作品
：
：
Lycidas
《利西达斯》
：
Areopagitica
《为英国人民声辩》
:
Paradise Lost
《失乐园》是无韵体
: Paradise Regained
《复乐园》
: Samson
Agonistes
《力士参孙》
This sonnet is written in iambic
pentameter rhymed in
ab
ba
abba cde cde
, typical of Italian
sonnet.
Its theme is that
people use their talent for God, and
t
hey serve him best who can endure the
suffering best.
冒险小说作家
Daniel Def
oe
丹尼尔?笛福
1660~1731
小说家，
新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的
奠
基人。
He started The Review, a
political and literary magazine i
n
prison. 1704
年，他创办《评论》杂志，这是英国第一份定期出
版的社会和政治刊物。
评价
：
??
He is called
“
The Father of the English
fiction
”（英
国小说之父）
考，填空
He is the
first writer study of the lower-class
people,
his language is
smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly
vernac
ular, and he is the founder of
realistic novel.
作品：
①
The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of
Robi
nson
Crusoe
鲁宾逊漂流记
It
praises the fortitude of the human labor and the
Pur
itan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless
youth into a shrewd
and hardened
man,tempered by numerous trials in his
eventfu
l life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson,
narrates how he goe
s to sea, gets
shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely
island,
struggles to live for 24-years
there and finally gets reli
eved and
returns to England.
②
Captain Singleton
《辛格顿船长》
③
Moll Flanders
《摩尔·弗兰德斯》
④
A Journal of the Plague
Year
《大疫年日记》
⑤
Roxana
《罗克萨娜》
Jonathan S
wift
乔纳森?斯威夫特
1667~1745
十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家
a
master satirist
。
作品：
A Tale of a
Tub
《一只桶的故事》
The
battle of the Books
《书籍之战》
The Drapier
’
s
Letter
《布商来信》
A Modest Proposal
《一个温和的建议》
Gulliver
‘
s
Travels
《格列佛游记》
Four parts:
Lilliput
小人国
Brobdingnag
大人国
Flying Island
飞岛
Houyhnhnm
马岛
浪漫主义诗人一
William B
lake
威廉?布莱克
1757~1827
??
Poet and
Painter
??
Engraver
??
Developed own
mythology/religion
??
First major
“
Romantic
”
poet
??
英国文学史上最复杂、
最有个性的诗人之一
他打破了
18<
/p>
世纪新古典主义的教条，用歌谣和无韵体诗来书写理想
和生活。<
/p>
Features of his
poems
?
of simple language
?
2. serious,
somber themes
?
3. lyrical beauty
?
4.
symbolism
?
5. mysticism
常出现的主题
：
Good & evil
Heaven & hell
Knowledge &
innocence
External
reality & inner
作品
：
①
Poetical Sketches
诗的素描
②
Songs of Innocence
天真之歌
a happy and
innocent world from
children
’
s eye. Include:
bol
of peace and purity
③
The Book of Thel
塞尔书
④
The Marriage of Heaven and
Hell
天堂和地狱的结合
⑤
Songs of Experience
经验之歌
a word of
misery, poverty, disease, war and
repress
ion with a melancholy tone from
men e: <
The Chimney
Sweeper>
、
、
⑥
Visions
of the Daughters of Albion
阿尔比昂的女儿们
之幻想
⑦
The Song of Los
罗斯之歌
Robert Burns
罗伯特?彭斯
1759~1796
??
Scottish poet and writer
of traditional Scottish folk son
gs,
whose works are known and loved wherever the
English
language is read.
<
/p>
??
是英国苏格兰著名的
农民诗人。
??
The greatest
Scottish poet in the late
18
th
century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect
主要用苏格兰方言写
的诗
①
<
John Anderson,
My Jo>
约翰?安德生，我的爱人
②
一朵红红的玫瑰
n
③
<
Auld
Long
n
Syne>
往昔时光
④
<
A
Man
’
s a Man for A
’
That>
不管那一套
n
⑤
<
My
Heart
’
s in
the
n
Highlands>
我的心在那高原上
⑥
<
Bruce At
Bannockburn>
⑦
<
The Tree Of Liberty>
作品：
??
Poems, chiefly in the
Scottish dialect
《苏格兰方言诗
集》
??
The Tree of Liberty
自由树
带有名著明主进步思想
??
Scots, Wha Hae
苏格兰人
??
Holy
Willie
’
s Prayer
威利长老的祈祷
无情的嘲讽了教
会
的虚伪和地主对农民的压迫
??
The Twa Dogs,
两只狗
William Words
worth
威廉?华兹华斯
1770~1850
与
Samuel Taylor
Coleridge
柯尔律治、
Robert
Southey
骚塞同
被称为
Lake
Poets
“湖畔派”诗人。
评价
：
??
a major English Romantic
poet
??
享有
自然诗人
的美誉
??
Poet Laureate:
“桂冠诗人”
??
with Coleridge helped to
launch the Romantic Age in
Engl
ish literature
with the
1798 joint publication Lyrical B
allads.
《抒情歌谣集》，
the Prelude is
considered as the
declaration of Romant
ic
ism
英国浪漫主义的宣言
.
作品
：
①
<
Lyrical
Ballads>
抒情歌谣集
(with Samuel
Taylor Coleridge)
/ Daffodils/ The
Daffodil
s
Theme
: 1. Nature embodies
human beings in their diverse
circumstance. It is nature that gives
him
“
strength and
kn
owledge full of
peace
”
2. It is
bliss to recall the beauty of nature in
poet mind while he is in
solitude.
Comment: The poet
is very cheerful with recalling the
be
autiful sights. In the poem on the
beauty of nature, the re
ader is
presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely
daff
odils(
水仙
) and
poet
’
s philosophical ideas
and mystical thoughts.
②
Lines Composed A Few Miles
Above Tintern
Abbey
丁登寺杂
咏
③
Ode: Intimations of
Immortality
不朽颂
④
The Solitary
Reaper
孤独的割麦女
⑤
Lucy Poems
露西
⑥
<
The
Prelude>
序曲
Samuel
Taylor Coleridge
塞缪尔?泰勒?科尔律治
1
772~1834
The Lake Poets
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