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英国文学史
I. Old English Literature & The Late
Medieval Ages
贝奥武夫
:the national
epic of the Anglo-Saxons
Epic: long narrative poems that record the
adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in
vast landscapes. The style of epic is
grand and elevated.
Artistic features:
1. Using alliteration
Definition of alliteration: a
rhetorical device, meaning some words in a
sentence begin with the
same consonant
sound
（头韵）
Some
examples on P5
2. Using
metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement:
expressing something in a controlled way
Understatement is a
typical way for
Englishmen to express their ideas
Geoffery Chaucer
杰弗里
·乔叟
1340~1400
(
首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿
（
John Dryden
）称其为
“
英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)
The father of English poetry.
writing style:
wisdom, humor, humanity.
①
坎特伯雷故事集：
first time to use
‘
heroic couplet
’<
/p>
(
双韵体
) by middle
English
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②
特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③
声誉之宫
Medieval Ages
’
popular Literary form:
Romance(
传奇故事
)
Famous
three
：
King Arthur
Sir Gawain
and the Green Knight
Beowulf
II
The Renaissance Period
A period of drama and
poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real
mainstream of the English
Renaissance.
Renaissance: the activity,
spirit, or time of the great revival of art,
literature, and learning in
Europe
beginning in the 14th century and extending to the
17th century, marking the transition
from the medieval to the modern world.
Three historical events of
the Renaissance
–
rebirth or
revival:
1. new
discoveries in geography and astrology
2. the religious reformation and
economic expansion
3.
rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous
dramatists
:
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
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1.
Edmund Spen
ser
埃德蒙·斯宾塞
1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）
The
poets
’
poet. The first to be
buried in the Poet
’
s corner
of
Westerminster Abbey
①
仙后
(for Queen
Elizabeth)
The theme is not “Arms and the man”,
but something more romantic “Fierce wars and
faithfull loves”.
Artistic features:
1. Using Spenserian
Stanza
Definition of
Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines
ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic
pentameter, and last line in iambic
hexameter.
②
牧人日历
The theme is to lament
over the loss of Rosalind.
③
爱情小唱
?
2.
Thomas? More
托马斯
?<
/p>
莫尔
1478~1535
One of the greatest
English humanists
①
<
br>
乌托邦
3.
Francis? Bacon
弗兰西斯·培根
1561~1626
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（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代
唯
物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）
Philosopher, scientist, lay the
foundation for modern science. The first English
essayist.?
Writing
style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-
arranging and enriching by Biblical
allusions, metaphors and philosophy to
man’s reason.
①
学术的推进
<
/p>
②
随笔
(famous quotas:
The theme of Of Studies: uses and
benefits of study and different ways adopted by
different
people to pursue studies.
4.
Ben Jonson
①
②
狐狸
5.
Christopher?
Marlowe
柯里斯托弗·马洛
1564~1595
“University
Wits”, the pioneer of English drama
（完善了无韵体诗。）
Blank verse: written in
unrhymed iambic pentameter.
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①
浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写
成）
②
帖木耳大帝
?
③
马耳他的犹太人
6.
William Shakespeare
威廉·莎士比亚
1564~1616?
①
Historical
plays: Henry VI Henry IV : Richard III Henry V
；
Richard
II
；
Henry VIII
②
Four
Comedies
四大喜剧
:
皆大欢喜
;
第十二夜
;
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家
a master
satirist
。）
①
’
s
Travels>
格列佛游记
(fictional
work)
Four parts:
Lilliput
小人国
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Brobdingnag
大人国
Flying Island
飞岛
Houyhnhnm
马岛
一个小小的建议
②
书战
③
木桶的故事
④
’
s
Letters>
一个麻布商的书信
4.
Daniel Defoe
丹尼尔·笛福
1660~1731
小说家，新
闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
He is the first writer study of the
lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy,
colloquial and
mostly vernacular, and
he is the founder of realistic novel.
①
鲁宾逊漂流记
It praise the fortitude of the human
labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless
youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by
numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story,
Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets
shipwrecked and marooned
on a lonely
island, struggles to live for 24-years there and
finally gets relieved and returns to
England.
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②
③
④
5.
Henry Fieldi
ng
亨利·菲尔丁
1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”
。）
He is called
“
Father of
English novel
”
. He was the
first to write a
“
Comic epic
in prose
”
(
散文体
史诗
), and the first to give the
modern novel its structure and style.
①
novels:
弃婴汤姆·琼斯
约瑟夫·安德鲁
大诗人江奈生·威尔德
爱米利亚
②
plays:
一七三六年历史记事
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堂吉柯德在英国
6.
Oliver Goldsm
ith
奥利弗·格尔德斯密斯
1730~1774
①
poems:
旅游人
荒村
②
novel:
威克菲尔德牧师传
7.
Richard Brinsley Sheridan
理查
德·布林斯利·施莱登
1751~1816
①
情敌
②
造谣学校
8.
William Blake
威廉·布莱克
1757~1827
①
天真之歌
A happy and innocent
world from children’s eye.
②
经验之歌
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A
word of misery, poverty, disease, war and
repression with a melancholy tone from men
eyes.
Include:
Lamb is a symbol
of peace and purity
Tyger
is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③
天堂与地狱的婚姻
9.
Robert Burns
罗伯特·彭斯
1759~1796<
/p>
The greatest
Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the
Scottish Dialect
主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①
约翰·安德生，我的爱人
②
一朵红红的玫瑰
③
往昔时光
④