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英国文学史发展概况(老师建议的复习提纲)

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2021-03-03 22:25
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2021年3月3日发(作者:香精英文)


英国文学史复习提纲



文学体裁:



诗歌

poem


,小说


novel


,戏剧


drama


Origin


起源:



Christianity


基督教



→ bible


圣经



Myth


神话



The Romance of king Arthur and his knights


亚瑟


王和他的骑士
























































































一、


The Anglo- Saxon period (449-1066)



盎格鲁——撒克逊时期



1


、这个时期的文学作品分类:



pagan(


异教徒


)


Christian(


基督徒


)


2


、代表作:



The Song of Beowulf


《贝奥武甫》




( national epic


民族史诗



)


采用了隐喻手法



3



Alliteration


押头韵(写作手法)



例子:



of man was the mildest and most beloved,


To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.


Two


elements


which


shaped


Old


English


poetry:


a. Anglo-Saxon invasion






Germanic myth and legend


b.


English


conversion


to


the


Christianity


stories of the Bible and Saints





A good example



《贝奥武甫》




Characteristic feature of Old English poetry





a.



Written


in


a


language


of


strong


stress


and


many


consonants,


with


frequent


use


of


compounds-picture names





b.



Lacks both meter and rhyme and depends on alliteration and accent.
























































































二、


The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)



盎格鲁——诺曼时期



canto


诗章



1



romance


传奇文学——


a new literature brought in by the Norman Conquest



the themes of it



love and adventure


the form of it



a new metrical system with even lines, exact meter and melodious thymes


2


、代表作:


Sir Gawain and the Green Knight


《高文爵和绿衣骑士》



是一首押头韵的长诗,它



King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table


《亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士》中最有名的























































































三、


Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)


杰弗里


·


乔叟



时代




1



the father of English poetry


英国诗歌之父




His great achievement:


a.



Art of narration


b.



Brilliant characterization


c.



Humor and satire


d.



Formal innovation


2



heroic


couplet


英雄双韵体:


a


verse


unit


consisting


of


two


rhymed(


押韵


)


lines


in


iambic


pentameter(


五步抑扬格


)


3


、代表作:


The Canterbury Tales


《坎特伯雷故事集》


(heroic couplet)


——英国文学史的开端



①大致内容:


The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks


of life and social groups.


(


朝圣者 都是来自英国的各地的人


,


代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团 体。


)


②小说特点:


Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and


character.


(


这些叙述者 以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,


无形中表明了各自的观点,


展示了各自的性格。


)


③小说观点:


He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from


superstitions(


迷信


) and a blind belief in fate(


盲目地相信命运


).


(< /p>


他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。


)


4



Popular Ballads


大众民谣




a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed


Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.


(


歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直以口头传播的方式保存下来。

< p>
)


代表人物:


Bishop Thomas Percy


托马斯


.


帕希主教



代表作:


Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale


《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》
























































































四、


The Renaissance (16


世纪


)


文艺复兴时期






(1500-1600) Golden Age of Drama




Greek and Roman




戏剧



drama


、诗章



canto


The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences.


(


文艺复兴最初是指 经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。


)


The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama.


(


文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也 得到了迅速的发展。


)


1



key work: humanism


人文主义(


admire human beauty and human achievement




2


、代表人物:



1)



Thomas More


托马斯


.


莫尔




Utopia


《乌托邦》


< p>



2)



Francis Bacon


弗朗西斯·培根




第一个散文家


(essayist)


3)



Thomas Wyatt


托马斯·怀亚特




引入十四行诗的第一人




Italian sonnet


4)



Edmund Spenser


埃德蒙·


斯宾塞,


poet’s poet


诗人中的诗人,


The Fairy Queen


《仙后》



(epic




poem


史诗


)




his poetic innovation : the Spenserian


斯宾塞风格的


sonnet



the Spenserian stanza





5)



Earl of Surrey


萨里



initiated blank verse.


6)



Christopher Marlowe


克里斯托弗·马洛



contributed to the dramatic language and characterization



made blank verse the principle vehicle of expression in drama (


使无韵体诗成为重要的戏剧表现手


< p>
)


blank verse(


无韵体:不押韵的五步抑扬格


)


是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。



7)



William Shakespeare


威廉姆·莎士比亚



drama (


一生共


39

< p>
个戏剧作品


)



great tragedies


四大悲剧:


Hamlet


《哈姆雷特》



Othello


《奥赛罗》



King Lear < /p>


《李尔王》





The Tragedy of Macbeth


《麦克白》





historical plays



romantic comedies



A Midsummer Night



s Dream


《仲夏夜之梦》



The Merchant of V


enice


《威


尼斯商人》




tragic- comedies



The Tempest


《暴风雨》




poems



V


enus and Adonis


(1592)


Lucrece(


1592-1593)


Sonnets


(1593-1598)


8)



Ben Johnson contributed to the English comedies.
























































































五、


the period of Revolution and Restoration (17


世纪


)


资产阶级革命与王权复辟



prose


散文



1


、文学特点:


the Puritans(


清教徒


) believed in simplicity of life



disapproved of the sonnets and the


love poetry



breaking up of old ideals.


(


清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱 情诗、与旧思想脱离。


)


2


、代表人物:



1)



John Donne


约翰·多恩



metaphysical poets (


玄学派诗人


)


的代表人物



sonnet


十四行诗:


Death be not proud



作品特点:




strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(< /p>


坦诚的


态度和现实描绘


)




novelty of subject matter and point(


新颖的题材和视角


)




novelty of its form.(


新颖的形式


)


2)



John Milton


约翰·弥尔顿



a great poet


诗人



(the revival of blank verse)


Defense for the English People


《为英国人辩护》



Paradise Lost


《失乐园》



“Satan is not a villain”


撒旦不是坏人



Paradise Regained


《复乐园》



a poetical drama



Samson Agoniste


《力士参孙》



His grand style displayed in




a.



the


choice


of


the


blank


verse


as


the


poetic form for his masterpiece


b.



rich classic reference


典故



c.



use of various rhetorical devices


d.



choice of sonorous words


3)



John Bunyan


约翰·班扬




a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(


寓言


)”



most important work



Pilgrim’s Progress


《天路历程》



prose


散文



该书采用的写作手法


“written in the old


-fashioned(


旧体形式


), medieval form of allegory(


比喻


) and


dream”
























































































六、


The Age of Enlightenment (18


世纪


)


启蒙运动



prose


散文



1



Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.


强调正确的 格式和写作规范,像艾迪生一样创作散文,和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。



The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against


feudalism.

< br>(


启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。


)


The


enlighteners


repudiate


the


false


religious


doctrines


about


the


viciousness


of


human


nature,


and


prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of


corrupted social environment.


(


启蒙主义者颠覆 了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点;论证了人生诚实而友善,而腐化堕落则是后


天腐败的社 会环境所致。


)


Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient,


and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.


(


无论怎样讲究理性,社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在,理性的力 量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的


诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。


)


2



18th century


文学的三个方面:



Classicism(


古典主义


)



revival of romantic poetry(


新 兴的浪漫主义诗歌


)



beginni ngs of the modern


novel(


刚启萌的现代派小说


)


3


、代表人物:




1)



Daniel Defoe


丹尼尔·笛福



realistic novel


现实主义小说




Novel



Robinson Crusoe


《鲁宾逊漂流记》


(1917)



a adventure story


Jonathan Wild


《乔纳森·威尔德》



Moll Flanders


《摩尔·弗兰德斯》




2)



Henry Fielding


亨利·菲尔丁



father of modern fiction(


现代小说之父


)



Joseph Andrews


《约 瑟夫·安德鲁斯》


,受到了理查森的《帕美勒》的启发




作家之间的不同:


Richardson


——


no humor, minces words, moralizes.


不幽默,


咬文嚼字,说教




Fielding


——


direct, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity



full of animal spirits,


tells the story of a vagabond life


语言直接、生动、欢快、粗糙,甚至有点俗


,


精神焕发,讲述流浪


者的故事。




The History of Tom Jones, a foundling


《弃婴汤姆·琼斯的故事》




the best novel of him



3)



Jonathan Swift


乔纳森·斯威夫特




Gulliver’s


Travels


《格列佛游记》


(


四国:


Lilli put


小人国、


Brobdingnag


大人国、


Laputa


飞岛、


Hou yhnhnms


慧骃国


)



反讽小说




作品特点:


no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied


only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculour gets the better of him.




努不动颜,骂不扬声,语调冷酷,锋芒暗藏,讽刺辛辣,仅在 讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄


之态。




A Modest Proposal


《一个温和的建议》



write


Journal to Stella


to Esther Johnson, a beautiful young woman , who had loved Swift ever since


the two had met in Temple



s household



4)



Samuel Richardson


塞缪尔·理查森



Pamela


《帕美勒》



the method of psychological analysis


心理分析的方法



in the form of letters


书信体小说




5)



Richard B. Sheridan


理查德·


B


·谢尔 丹



The School for Scandal


《造谣学校》




喜剧


comedy



6)



Oliver Goldsmith’s


奥利佛·哥尔德斯密斯



散文作家



essayist


The Vicar of



Wak efield


《威克菲尔德的牧师》




小说



novel


She Stoops to Conquer


《委曲求全》




欢乐喜剧



rollicking comedy

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