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一．中古英语时期
?
Beowulf
is
the
oldest poem
in the English language,
and the most important
specimen
(
范例、
典范
)of Anglo-
Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving
epic in the English language.
?
The
romance
is a popular literary form in
the medieval period
（中世纪）
. It
uses verse or prose to sing
knightly
adventures or other heroic
deeds.
?
Geoffrey Chaucer,
one of
the
greatest
English
poets,
whose
masterpiece,
The
Canterbury
Ta
les
（
《坎特伯雷故事集》
）
,
was
one
of
the
most
important
influences on the
development of English literature.
?
Chaucer
is
considered
as
the
father
of
English
poetry
and
the
founder
of
English realism.
二．文艺复兴
Renaissance
?
Renaissance
refers
to
the
period
between
the
14th
and
mid-17th
centuries.
It
marks a
transition(
过渡
) from the
medieval to the modern world.
?
It started in
Italy with the flowering of painting,
sculpture
（
雕塑）
and literature,
and then
spread to the rest of Europe.
?
Humanism is the
essence of Renaissance
-----Man is the
measure of all things.
?
This was
England’s
Golden Age in literature.
Queen Elizabeth
reigned over
the
country
in
this
period.
The
real
mainstream
of
the
English
Renaissance
is
the
Elizabethan
drama
.
The
most
famous
dramatists
in
the
Renaissance
England
are Christopher Marlowe and
William Shakespeare.
?
The greatest of
the pioneers of English drama was Christopher
Marlowe.
?
Francis Bacon was the best known
essayist of this period.
“
Of
Studies
”
is the
most popular of Bacon’s 58
essays.
?
Thomas More
——
Utopia
?
Edmund
Spenser
——
The Faerie Queene
相关练习
?
1. Which is the
oldest poem in the English language?
?
A. Utopia
B. Faerie Queene
?
C.
Beowulf
D. Hamlet
?
2. _____ is the father of English
poetry.
?
A. Edmund Spenser
B. William Shakespeare
?
C.
Francis Bacon
D
.
Geoffrey Chaucer
?
3. ____ is not a playwright during the
Renaissance period on England.
?
A. William
Shakespeare
B.
Geoffrey Chaucer
?
C. Christopher
Marlowe
D.
Ben Johnson
三．莎士比亚
William Shakespeare
?
“All
the
world
's
a
stage,
and
all
the men
and
women merely
players.
”
——
William Shakespeare
?
William
Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright
in the world and the
finest
poet
who
has
written
in
the
English
language.
Shakespeare
understood
people
more
than
any
other
writers.
He
could
create
characters
that
have
-
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
meaning
beyond
the
time
and
place
of
his
plays.
His
four
tragedies
are
Hamlet(
《哈姆雷特》
),
Othello(
《奥赛罗》
),
King
Lear(
《李尔王》
)
and
Macbeth(
《麦克白》
).
Shakespeare’s
sonnets
,
154
in
number,
are
the
only
direct
expression
of
the
poet’s own feelings;
Sonnet
18
deserves its fame because it is one
of the most
beautifully written verses
in the English language
诗选
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare
thee to a Summer’s day?
Thou
art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds
of May,
And Summer’s lease hath all too
short a date.
（我怎能将你与夏日相比
?
/
你比它更温和可爱：
/
动人的花蕾在五月咆哮的
风中颤抖，
/
夏日的美好时光也绝不长久：
）
Sometime too
hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often
is his gold complexion dimm’d;
And every fair from fair sometime
declines,
By chance, or nature’s
changing course, untrimm’d
;
（太阳的金色光芒虽然耀眼，
/
却常常以灰暗的面貌出现；
/
再美貌的物什
都逃不过凋谢，
/
命运流转或无意间将
其拆解；
）
But thy eternal Summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou
ow’st
Nor shall Death brag
thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal line to time thou
grow’st.
So long
as men can breath or eyes can see,
So
long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
（可你如夏日般不会褪色
,
/
你的美貌也将永存
;
/
死神无法夸耀你曾在它的
阴影中游荡
, /
伴随永恒的诗篇你将留存。
/
只要人类生生不息
我的诗句能被
见证
,
/
你就会在传承中得到永生！
）
相关练习
1.
Shakespeare
’
s greatest
tragedies are the following works except ____.
A. Hamlet
B.
King Lear
C.
Romeo and Juliet
D. Othello
2.
The
Essence
of
Renaissance,
the
most
significant
intellectual
movement,
was_____.
A. Geographical
exploration
B. Religious reformation
C.
Publishing and translation
D.
Humanism.
3.
In
“
Sonnet
18
”
,
Shakespeare_________________.
A.
Meditate on the
destructive power of time and eternal beauty by
poetry.
B.
Satirize(
讽刺
)
human
’
s vanity.
C. Predict(
预测
)
the eternity of love.
D.
Eulogize(
颂扬
) the power of
the beauty.
4. Which of the following
statement best illustrates the theme of
Shakespeare
’
s
Sonnet 18?
A. The speaker
eulogizes the power of Nature.
2
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四．
18
世
纪英国文学
?
The 18th-century England is known as
the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of
Reason.
?
17th century
writer
John Milton
ranks as
one of the greatest poets in the history
of English literature. His masterpiece
Paradise Lost
(
失乐园
)was
published in
1667. Later another epic
poem
Paradise
Regained(
复乐园
), sequel to
Paradise
Lost, was published with the
poetic drama
Samson
Agonistes
(
力士参孙
).
?
The
mid-18th
century
was,
however,
predominated
by
a
newly
rising
literary
form,
the modern English novel
,
which, contrary to the traditional romance of
aristocrats, gives a realistic
presentation
of life of the
common English people.
?
Daniel
Defoe
is
considered
to
be
the
father
of
the
English
novel.
His
masterpiece is
Robinson
Crusoe.
It is considered to
be the first English novel
?
Jonathan Swift
is generally
considered the greatest prose
satirist(
讽刺散文家
)
in
English
literature.
His
language
is
simple,
clear
and
vigorous.
He
once
asserted:
“
Proper
words
in
proper
place,
makes
the
true
definition
of
a
style.
”
他曾把文字风格定义成
“
恰到好处的词语用在恰到好处的地
方
”
?
There are no ornaments in his writings.
In simple, direct and precise prose, Swift
is almost unsurpassed in English
literature.
?
Gulliver's Travels
, Jonathan
Swift's best fictional work
, contains
four parts,
each
about
one
particular
voyage
during
which
Gulliver
has
extraordinary
adventures on some remote island after
he has met with shipwreck or piracy or
some other misfortune.
?
相关练习
?
1.
In
which
of
the
following
works
can
you
find
the
proper
names
”
?
A. The Pilgrim
’
s
Progress
B. The Farrie Queene
C.
Gulliver
’
s Travels
D. The School of Scandal
2.
______is a typical feature of
Swift
’
s writings.
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3
B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.
C.
The speaker praises the
power of artistic creation.
D. The
speaker meditates on man
’
s
salvation.
5. The
Renaissance refers to between 14th-mid-17th
century, which was under
the reign of
Queen ___and absolute monarchy in England reached
its summit,
and in which the
’
real mainstream (
真正的文学主流
)
’
was
____.
A. Victoria/poetry
B
. Elizabeth/ drama
C. Mary/ novel
D. James/
drama
6. _____, the first of the great
tragedies, is generally regarded as
Shakespeare
’
s
most popular play on the stage, for it
has the qualities of a
“
blood-and-
thunder
”
thriller
and a
’
philosophical
exploration
’
of life and
death.
A. The Merchant of Venice
B
.
Hamlet
C. King Lear
D.
The Winter
’
s Tale
-
A. Elegant style
B. Causal
narration
C
. Bitter satire
D.
Complicated sentence structure
3.
The
Houyhnhnms
depicted
by
Jonathan
Swift
in
Gulliver
’
s
Travels
are________.
A
. horses that are endowed
with reason.
B. pigmies that are
endowed with admirable qualities
C.
giants that are superior in wisdom.
D.
Hairy,
wild,
low
and
despicable
creatures,
who
resemble
human
beings
not
only
in appearance but also in some other ways.
五．浪漫主义诗歌
?
（一）先驱：
Robert Burns
罗伯特
·
彭斯
，
William Blake
威廉
·
布莱克
?
Robert Burns
is
a
national poet of Scotland
, a poet of
peasants, his poems are
written in
Scottish dialect.
A Red, Red
Rose
(
《红红的玫瑰》
) and
Auld lang
Syne
are his most popular poems.
?
To see a world
in a grain of sand, /And a heaven in a wild
flower, /Hold
infinity
in
the
palm
of
your
hand,
/And
eternity
in
an
hour.
——
William
Blake
一花一世界，一沙一天国，
君掌盛无边，
刹那含永劫。
?
?
（二）代表诗人：
?
1.
Escapist
romanticists
/
Lake
Poets(
湖畔派诗人
)
(William
Wordsworth,
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert
Southey)
?
2.
active
romanticists
/demonic
group/
Satanic
school
(
撒
< br>旦
派
)
(George
Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley,
John Keats)
?
English
Romanticism
is
generally
said
to
have
began
in
1798
with
the
publication of Wordsworth &
Coleridge
’
s
Lyrical Ballads
and to have ended in
1832
with Sir Walter
Scott
’
s death.
?
William
Wordsworth
started
with
Samuel
Taylor
Coleridge
the
English
Romantic
movement
with
their
collection
Lyrical
Ballads
in
1798
.
Lyrical
Ballads
《抒情歌谣集》
followed by
“The
Preface to the Lyrical
Ballads
”—
served
as
the
manifesto
（宣言）
of
the English Romantic Movement in poetry.
?
“All good
poetry is the spontaneous overflow of
powerful feelings that takes its
origin from emotion recollected in
tranquility.
”
——
William Wordsworth
（
诗
是强烈情感的自然流露；诗源于在平静中积累的情感。
）
?
相关练习
?
1. The Romantic Movement expressed a
more or less______ attitude toward the
existing social and political
conditions.
?
A.
positive
B.
negative
C.
neutral
D. indifferent
?
2. For the
Romantics, ____is not only the major source of
poetic imagery,
but
also
provides the dominant subject matter.
?
A.
love
B.
man
C
.
nature
D.
death
?
3. In the
Romantic period, ____is the most prosperous
literary form.
?
A.
prose
B
.
poetry
C.
fiction
D.
play
?
4. Romanticism
is a period of British literature roughly dated
from__.
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?
A.1660-----1798
B.1798----1832
?
C.1483-----
1546
D.1836-----1901
?
5. The two
major novelists of the English Romantic Period are
_____and Walter
Scott.
?
A. Washington
Irving
B
. Jane Austen
?
C. Herman
Melville
D. Charles Dickens
?
m
Wordsworth, a romantic poet,
advocated all the following EXCEPT
___.
?
A. the use of everyday language spoken
by the common people
?
B. the expression of the spontaneous
overflow of powerful feelings
?
C. the use of
humble and rustic life as subject matter
?
D.
the use of elegant
wording and inflated figures of speech
?
7. The
publication of
“
_______
”
marked the beginning
of Romantic Age.
?
A. Don Juan
B. The Rime of
the Ancient Mariner
?
C
.
The Lyrical Ballads
D. Queen Mab
?
8. The major
representatives of the poetic revolution in
English Romantic period
were Samuel
Taylor Coleridge and____.
?
A. William Blake
B.
William Wordsworth
?
C. John Keats
D.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
?
?
?
诗选
?
I Wandered
Lonely as a Cloud
——
William
Wordsworth
?
I
wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and
hills,
When all at once I
saw a crowd,
A host, of
golden daffodils;
Beside
the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
?
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky
way,
They stretched in
never-ending line
Along the
margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a
glance,
Tossing their heads
in sprightly dance.
?
The waves
beside them danced, but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be
gay,
In such a jocund
company:
I gazed--and gazed
--but little thought
What
wealth the show to me had brought:
?
For oft, when
on my couch I lie
In vacant
or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
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