英国文学作品名字名词解释

Soliloquy

（自言自语，

独白）

is a dramatic speech delivered by on character speaking aloud

while under the impression of being alone. The soliloquist thus reveals his or her inner thoughts

and feelings to the audience, either direct address. It is also known as interior monologue.

“To be, or not to be.” The speech conveys a sense of world weariness as well as the author?s.

Sonnet

A sonnet is a short song in the original meaning of the word. Later it became a poem of 14

lines, usually in iambic

（长短格，抑扬格，抑扬格诗）

pentameter

（五步格诗）

with various

rhyming schemes.

Part Three: Literature of Revolution Period (1603-1688)

Francis Bacon

培根

1561-1626

essayist

散文家

(the chief

figure

in English Prose

in

the

first

half of the 17

th

century and his essays began the long tradition of the English essay in the history

of

English

literature.)

Advancement

of

Le arning

学术的进展

;Novum

Organum

新工具

;New < /p>

Atlantic

新大西岛

;Essay s

论文集（

Of Studies

论学习

;Of Wisdom for a Man?s Self

）

Of Studies purpose:

This essay is intended to tell people how to be efficient and make their way

in public life.

Language Appreciation:

Parallel structure; succinct

（简明的）

expression; long complex sentences side by side with

short simple ones; classical diction

（发音）

; good and clear logical reasoning, with examples and

facts; objective impersonal, persuasiv

e writing without “we”, “I”.

Conceit(

高傲，骄傲自大

)

Conceit

originally

means

“concept”

or

“idea”

and

later

came

to

mean

“fanciful

idea”.

A

conceit is a metaphor or simile that is mad elaborate (far-fetched), often extravagant

（奢侈的，夸< /p>

张的）

. The difference between a conceit and a metaphor or simile is largely to degree. A metaphor

or simile appeals mainly to the reader?s 5 senses and is easier to understand; a conceit may strike

the reader as weird.

Founder of the Metaphysical school

——

John Donne

; features of the school: philosophical poems,

complex rhythms and strange images; the most famous preacher of his time. (In the first stage he

was Donne the courtier, the lover, and the soldier. In the second stage he was Dr. John Donne,

Dean of St. Paul?s Cathedral.)

John

Milton

约翰

?

弥尔顿

was

the

man

of

revolution

enthusiasm.

The

military

leader of the revolution, John Milton was the man of thought, and with his pen he defended the

revolutionary cause.)

L?Allegro

欢乐的人

;Il Penseroso

沉思的人

;Comus

科马斯

;Lycidas

列西达

斯

;Areopagitica

论出版自由

;Pro

Populo

Anglicano

Defense

为英国人民声辩

;

Pro

Populo

Anglicano Defense Secunda

再为英国人民声辩

; Paradise Lost

失乐园

; Paradise Regained

复乐

2

园

; Samson Agonistes

力士参孙

.

The

blank verse

素体无韵诗

, i.e., the unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter, is used throughout

the

epic

and

is

characterized

by

its

employment

of

long

and

involved

sentences,

which

run

on

many

lines

with

a

variety

of

pauses,

and

achieving

sometimes

an

oratorical

and

sometimes

an

elaborately logical effect.

John Bunyan

班扬

1628-1688

The Pilgrim?s Progress

天路历程

(Vanity Fair

名利场

);

The Life and Death of Mr Badman

培德曼先生的一生

Part Four: The Eighteenth Century and Neo-classicism (1688-1798)

What is Neo- classicism

新古典主义

?

Neo-classicism

was a reaction against the intricacy and occasional obscurity, boldness and

the

extravagance

of European

literature

of

the

late

Renaissance, as

seen

for

instance,

in

the

works of the metaphysical. In favor of simplicity, charity restraint regularity and good sense.

The characteristics of neo- classicism can be summed up as follows:

1.

People emphasized reason rather than emotion, form rather than content.

2.

As reason was stressed, most of the writings of the age were didactic

（迂腐的）

and satirical.

3.

As

elegance,

correctness,

appropriateness

and

restraint

were

preferred;

the

poet

found

closed couplet the only possible verse form for serious work.

4.

It is almost exclusively a “town” poetry, catering to the interests of the “society” in

great

cities.

5.

It is entirely wanting in all those elements that are related with the “romantic”.

28

、

Classicism (

新古典主义

)

名词解释

Classicism implies (

意味着

) the revival (

复苏

) of the forms and traditions of the ancient

world

，

a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French

classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival (

并非古典主义的复

苏

)

。

It intended to produce a literature

，

French to the core (

以法语为中心

)

，

which was worthy

of (

与

…

相媲美

) Greek and classical ideals. This neoclassicism (

新古典主义

) reached its climax

in France in the 17th century.(

代表：莫里哀和德国的歌德？席勒

)

29

、

French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival (

并非古典