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1.
epic
史诗
:a long narrative poem,
grand in
style, about
heroes and heroic deeds, embodying
heroic
ideals of a nation or race in
the making.
Beowulf
is the
English national epic that was passed from
mouth to mouth and written down by many
unknown hands.
2.
Conceit:
a
kind
of
metaphor
that
makes
a
comparison
between
two
startlingly
different
things.
A
conceit
usually
provides
the
framework
for
an
entire
poem.
An
especially
unusual
and
intellectual
kind of conceit is the metaphysical
conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such
as John Donne..
3.
Epiphany(
顿悟)
: a
sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by
a seemingly trivial incident
4.
Metaphysical
poetry:
玄学诗派
the poetry of John Donne and other
17th-century poets who wrote
in
a
similar
style.
It
is
characterized
by
verbal
wit
and
excess,
ingenious
structure,
irregular
meter,
colloquial language,
elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of
dissimilar ideas .
5.
Stream
of
consciousness
意识流
:
a
kind
of
writing
technique
in
which
a
character's
perceptions,
thoughts,
and
memories are presented in an apparently
random form, without regard for logical sequence,
chronology, or syntax.
Often such
writing makes no distinction between various
levels of reality--such as dreams, memories,
imaginative
thoughts or real sensory
perception.
6.
heroic couplet
英雄双韵体
two
successive
lines
of
rhymed
poetry
in
iambic
pentameter.
Geoffrey
Chaucer’s
masterpiece
The
Canterbury
Tale
was written in heroic couplet.
7.
ballad meter
民谣体
traditionally
a four-line stanza containing alternating four-
stress and three-stress lines, usually with a
refrain and the rhyme scheme of abcb.
Robert Burns’ “A Red, Red Rose” is a great love
ballad.
8.
sonnet
十四行诗
a fixed form consisting of fourteen
lines of 5-foot iambic verse. It first flourished
in Italy in the 14
th
century. William Shakespeare was a
great English sonnet writer famous for his 154
sonnets.
9.
iambic pentameter
五步抑扬格
the basic
line in English verse, with five feet in a line,
usually an unaccented syllable followed by an
accented syllable. It was probably
introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer and certainly
established by him in
The Canterbury
Tales
.
10.
image
意象
a concrete
representation of an object
or sensory
experience. Typically,
such
a
representation
helps
evoke
the
feelings
associated
with
the
object
or
experience
itself.
Many
images
are
conveyed
by
figurative
language.
An
image
may
be
visual,
olfactory,
tactile,
auditory,
gustatory,
abstract
and
kinaesthetic. The rose in Robert Burns’
poem “A Red, Red Rose” is a beautiful
image.
11.
“Dramatic
monologue”
戏剧独白
that is a lyric poem which reveals
“
a soul in
action”
through the
conversation of one character in a dramatic
situation. T
he character is speaking to
an identifiable but silent listener at a dramatic
monent in the
speaker’s
life.
12.
blank verse
无韵诗,素体诗
unrhymed
iambic
pentameter,
the
most
widely
used
of
English
verse
forms
and
usually
used
in
English dramatic and epic poetry.
William Shakespeare’s play
Hamlet
is written in blank
verse.
13.
Sonnet
is
a verse form of fourteen lines, in
English characteristically in iambic pentameter
and most often in one of
the two rhyme
schemes: the Italian(or Petrarchan) or
Shakespearean
14.
essay
散文
a composition,
usually in prose, which may be of only a few
hundred words or of book length and
which discusses, formally or
informally, a topic or a variety of topics. It is
one of the most flexible
and adaptable
of all literary forms. Francis Bacon is a great
essayist; his “Of Studies” is a model of
good essay.
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