-
Lesson 1
Section One: News in Brief:
1. Freed American hostage Jacobsen:
1.
Freed
American
hostage,
David
Jacobsen,
appealed
today
for
the
release
of
the
remaining
captives
in
Lebanon,
saying,
guys
are
in
hell
and
we've
got
to
get
them
home.
Jacobsen
made
his
remarks
as
he
arrived at
Wiesbaden, West Germany, accompanied by Anglican
Church envoy, Terry Waite, who worked to gain
his
release.
And
Waite
says
his
efforts
will
continue.
Jacobsen
had
a
checkup
at
the
air
force
hospital
in
Wiesbaden. And hospital director,
Colonel Charles Moffitt says he is doing well.
our
initial
impression
is
that
he
is
physically
in
very
good
condition.
It
also
seems
that
he
has
dealt
with
the
stresses
of
his
captivity
extremely
well.
Although
Jacobsen
criticized
the
US
government's
handling
of
the
hostage
situation in a videotape made during his
captivity, today he thanked the Reagan
Administration and said
he
was
darn
proud
to
be
an
American.
The Reagan
Administration
had
little
to
say
today
about
the
release
of
Jacobsen or the
likelihood that other hostages may be freed.
Boarding Air Force One in Las Vegas, the President
said,
美国刚被释放的人质，
David
Jacobsen
今天为至今还关押在黎巴嫩的人质们呼吁：
“
他们生活在地狱
里，我们要想办法让他们回家。
”
Jacobsen
是在到达西德的
Wiesbaden
后发出这翻评论的，随行的还有
A
nglican
教会的特使
Terry Waite,
后者曾致力于
Jacobsen
的释放。
同时
Waite
说他会继续
< br>（为其他人质）
努
力。
Jaco
bsen
在
Wiesbaden
的空军
医院作过身体检查，医院院长
Charles Moffitt
上校说：
“
虽然
Jacobsen
先
生很疲惫，
但我们的初步印象是，
他生理上很健康，
并且他对于关押期间所承受的压力处理得非常之好。
”
虽然
Jacobsen
在关押期间曾有过录音批评美国政府对于人质情形的处理，但今天他说感谢里根政府，并很
为自己作为美国人而骄傲。里根政府今天没有对
Jacobsen
的释放和其他人质的自由问题发表评论。在
Las
Vegas
的空军一号飞机上，总统说道：
“
现在还不能说什么。我们正在努力。我们失望到心碎。
”
3. New President in
Mozambique
3
．莫桑比克的新总统
In Mozambique today a new president was
chosen to replace Samora Machel who died in a
plane crash two
weeks
ago.
NPR's
John
Madison
reports:
choice
of
the
130-member
Central
Committee
of
the
ruling
FRELIMO
Party
was
announced
on
Mozambique
radio
this
evening.
He
is
Joaquim
Chissano,
Mozambique's
Foreign
Minister,
No.
3
in
the
Party.
Chissano,
who
is
forty-seven,
was
Prime
Minister
of
the
nine-month
transitional government that preceded
independence from Portugal in 1975. He negotiated
the transfer of power
with Portugal.
今天在
Mozambique
一位新总统被选出以代替两周前在飞机失事中去世的前总统
Samor
a Machel
。
NPR
的
John Madison
报道：
拥有
130
名成员的执政党
FRELIMO
中央委员会今天公布选举结果。
他就是
Joaq
uim
Chissano
，
Moza
mbique
的前外长，政党中的第三号人物。
Chissan
o
今年
47
岁，曾在
< br>1975
年从葡萄牙独立
前当过
9
个月的首相，并参加过与葡萄牙权力转移的谈判。
1
Section Two: News in Detail:
This much is clear tonight: an American
held in Lebanon for almost a year and a half is
free. David Jacobsen
is recuperating in
a hospital in Wiesbaden, West Germany. Twenty-four
hours earlier, Jacobsen was released in
Beirut by Islamic Jihad. But this
remains a mystery: what precisely led to his
freedom? Jacobsen will spend the
next
several days in the US air force facility in
Wiesbaden for a medical examination. Diedre Barber
reports.
今晚事态逐渐清晰：一位在
Lebanon
关押了近一年半的美国人质现在自由了。
David
Jacobsen
现在西
德
Wiesbaden
的一家医院作复原治疗。
24
小时前，
Jacobsen
< br>在贝鲁特被伊斯兰圣战组织释放。这同时留下
了疑惑：是什么真正促成他的自由？
Jacobsen
会在
Wiesbad
en
的美国空军医院作为期七天的体格检查。
Diedre
Barber
报道。
After preliminary medical checkups
today, David Jacobsen's doctor said he was tired
but physically in very
good condition.
US air force hospital commander, Charles Moffitt,
said in a medical briefing this afternoon that
Jacobsen had lost little weight and
seemed extremely fit. He joked that he would not
like to take up Jacobsen's
challenge to
reporters earlier in the day to a six-mile jog
around the airport. Despite his obvious fatigue,
Jacobsen
spent
the
afternoon
being
examined
by
hospital
doctors.
He
was
also
seen
by
a
member
of
the
special
stress-management
team sent from Washington. Colonel Moffitt said
that after an initial evaluation it seems as if
Jacobsen coped extremely well with the
stresses of his captivity. He said there was also
no evidence at this point
that the
fifty-five-year-old hospital director had been
tortured or physically abused. Jacobsen seemed
very alert,
asking detailed questions
about the facilities of the Wiesbaden medical
complex, according to Moffitt.
在今天的初步身体检查之后，
Jacobsen
的医生
说他虽然累，
但身体状况很好。
美国空军医院的负责人，
Charles Moffitt
说经过简单的体格检查，
Jacobsen
体重有所下降，但似乎很健康。他开玩笑说，他甚至不敢
接受
Jacobsen
的挑战，去进行
绕机场进行六公里的慢跑比赛。尽管非常疲乏，
Jacobsen
还是接受了医生整
个下午的检查。来自华盛顿的特别压力管理小组的一位成员也见了他
。
Charles
Moffitt
说
初步评估，看起
来
Jacobsen
对
于关押期间的压力处理非常之好。他说现在还没有任何证据显示这位
55
岁的医院主任受过
折磨或身体上的疟待。据
Moffi
tt
说，
Jacobsen
看起来很
警惕，详细询问过
Wiesbadan
医院的医疗设备的
复杂程度。
So
far, Jacobsen has refused to answer questions
about his five hundred and twenty-four days as a
hostage.
Speaking briefly to reports
after his arrival in Wiesbaden this morning, he
said his joy at being free was somewhat
diminished by his concern for the other
hostages left behind. He thanked the US government
and President Ronald
Reagan
for
helping
to
secure
his
release.
Jacobsen
also
gave
special
thanks
to
Terry
Waite,
an
envoy
of
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury,
for
his
help
in
the
negotiation.
Waite
who
accompanied
Jacobsen
from
Beirut
to
Wiesbaden today, said he might be going
to Beirut in several days. There are still seven
American hostages being
held
in
Lebanon
by
different
political
groups.
Jacobsen
will
be
joined
in
Wiesbaden
tomorrow
by
his
family.
Hospital
officials
said
they
still
do
not
know
how
many
days
Jacobsen
will
remain
for
tests
and
debriefing
sessions before returning to the United
States with his family. For National Public Radio,
this is Diedre Barber,
Wiesbaden.
而且，
Jacobsen
拒绝回答关于他的
524
天作为人质期间的问题。
今天早晨抵达
Wiesbada
后，<
/p>
他说他的
喜悦由于关心还在押的人质而有所减少。他感谢美国政府
和里根总统对于他的释放所做的努力。他还说特
别感谢
Terr
y Waite
，一位坎特伯雷大主教的特别使者，为他的释放作过谈判。
Waite
今天随同
Jacobsen
从
Beirut
过来，说他近几天可能会再去
Beirut.
在黎巴嫩还有七名美国人质被关押在不同的政治群体
中。
Jacobsen
的家人明天会来
Wiesbaden
陪同他。医院官司方说还不清楚
Jacob
sen
还要留多少天在此接爱检查
和作会议报告，然后再与家人
一起返美。
来自
NPR
的
Diedre Barber
在
< br>Wiesbadan
报道。
2
Lesson 2
Section One: News in Brief:
1
．
Iran's official
news agency said today former US National Security
Advisor Robert McFarlane and four
other
Americans were jailed in Tehran for five days
recently after they arrived on a secret diplomatic
mission. The
report
quoted
the
speaker
of
Iran's
parliament
as
saying
President
Reagan
sent
the
group
to
Tehran
posing
as
aircraft crewmen. He said
they carried with them a Bible signed by the
President and a cake. He said the presents
were designed to improve relations
between the two countries. Neither the Reagan
Administration nor McFarlane
had any
comment on the report.
伊朗官方媒体今天报道，最近前美国国家安全顾问
Robert
McFarlane
和其他四位美国人到德黑兰行使
一项秘密外
交使命时被关押了五天。报道引用了伊朗国会发言人的话说：里根总统将这个使团假装为飞机
机组乘务员送出。他说他们带了一本由总统签字的圣经和一只蛋糕。他说总统决定改善两国之间的关系。
里根总统和
McFarlane
都没有对此
报道作任何评论。
2.
There
were
published
reports
in
the
Middle
East
that
hostage
David
Jacobsen
was
freed
as
a
result
of
negotiations between the United States
and Iran. Asked about that today, Anglican Church
envoy Terry Waite said
that
he
didn't
want
to
comment
on
the
political
dynamics.
But
Waite
said
he
may
know
within
the
next
twenty-
four hours from his contacts if he will be
returning to Beirut to negotiate the release of
more hostages.
3. Jacobsen was reunited
with his family today, but again said his joy
could not be complete until the other
hostages
are
freed.
He
appeared
on
the
hospital
balcony
with
his
family
and
talked
with
reporters.
Hospital
director Colonel Charles Moffitt says
Jacobsen needs to communicate with people now.
that be to a group of press or to
individual physicians. Once you get him started on
a subject, he wants to talk
because
he
hasn't
been
able
to
do
that.
Moffitt
says
Jacobsen
is
in
good
health
and
will
not
need
followup
medical care.
4. A low to moderate turnout is
reported across the nation so far on this election
day. Voters are choosing
members of the
one hundredth congress, thirty-four senators and
all four hundred thirty-five members of the US
House of Representatives. One of the
big questions is which Party will control the
Senate after today's voting.
Section Two: News in
Detail:
Former US National
Security Advisors Visit to Tehran
President
Reagan's
former
National
Security
Advisor,
Robert
McFarlane,
and
four
other
Americans
may
have visited Tehran recently on a
secret diplomatic mission. Today, on the seventh
anniversary of the seizure of
the US
embassy in Tehran, Iran Speaker of the Parliament
said the visiting Americans were held for five
days
before
being
expelled
from
the
country.
NPR
was
unable
to
reach
Mr.
McFarlane
today
for
comment
and
the
White
House says that it can neither confirm nor deny
the story. NPR's Elizabeth Colton reports.
里根总统的前国家安全顾问
McFa
rlane
，和其他四位美国人最近可能作为一个秘密外交使团访问过德
黑兰。今天，在查封美国驻德黑兰大使馆七周年纪念日上，伊朗国会发言人说这些来访的美国人已在五天
前被驱逐出境。
NPR
无法联系上
McFarlane
，
而白宫则既不承认也
不否认这件事情。
NPR
的
Eliza
beth Colton
报道。
Today
in
Tehran,
Speaker
of
the
Parliament,
Hashami
Rafsanjani
took
the
occasion
to
tell
a
rally
that
President Reagan had
recently sent personal envoys to Iran, calling for
improvement of relations.
1
.
In response to
the American
overtures, Rafsanjani announced that Iran will
advise its
friends in
Lebanon, in other words the
hostage
takers,
to
free
US
and
French
hostages
if
Israel
frees
Lebanese
prisoners,
and
if
the
American
and
French
governments
end
their
hostility
to
the
revolutionary
government
of
Iran.
Rafsanjani
then
reportedly
described for the
tens of thousands outside his parliament, the
visit of the five American emissaries. The Iranian
3
said they flew
in, posing as the flight crew of a plane bringing
American military spare parts to Iran from Europe.
The US envoys reportedly carried Irish
passports, now said to be held by Iranian
officials. And one of the men
called
himself
McFarlane.
And
according
to
Rafsanjani,
he
looked
exactly
like
President
Reagan's
former
National
Security
Advisor.
Rafsanjani
claimed
that
Iranian
security
officials
also
have
a
tape
of
telephone
conversations between the American
President and his envoys.
2
The Iranian
cleric, Rafsanjani, said the five men
were confined to a hotel for five days
and later deported after Ayatollah Khomeini
advised Iranian officials not to
meet
them
or
receive
their
message.
Rafsanjani
said
the
3
Americans
had
brought
a
Bible
signed
by
President
Reagan and a key-
shaped cake which they said was the symbol of the
hope of reopening US-Iran relations.
In
Tehran today, at the ceremony marking
the anniversary of the seizure of the American
embassy, Parliamentary
Speaker
Rafsanjani described the visit by the American
emissaries as a sign of Washington's helplessness.
The
White House said it would neither
confirm nor deny the reports, because according to
the press office,
4
there are
certain matters pertaining to efforts
to try to release the hostages, and comments might
jeopardize them.
Robert
McFarlane, who was also a frequent
political commentator for NPR's morning edition,
has been unavailable for
comment. I am
Elizabeth Colton in Washington.
今天在德黑兰，国会发言人
Hashami
< br>Rafsanjani
在一个集会上提起里根总统最近有派过个人特使来访
伊朗，说是为了改善两国关系。
1
为回应美国
的提议，
Rafsanjani
说伊朗会劝告它在黎巴嫩的朋友
，即那些
人质关押者去释放美国和法国人质，如果以色列释放黎巴嫩在押者，且如果美国
和法国政府终止他们对伊
朗革命政府的敌意。
然后，
Rafsanjani
在国会外面的上万群众跟前描述了美国使者来访的情
形。他说美国
人假装是机组人员从欧洲携带美国军火到伊朗来。这些美国使者带着爱尔兰
护照，现在据说是关押在伊朗
官方。其中一员说他自己是
McF
arlane
，他看起来确实很象美国前国家安全顾问。
Raf
sanjan
i
声称伊朗安全
局还拥有
一盘美国总统和特使之间的电话录音带。
2
他说他们五人在一家
宾馆被扣押了五天，然后在
Ayatollah Khomeini
劝告伊朗官方不要跟他们接触也不要接受他们的信息之后，被驱逐出境。
Rafsa
njani
说
3
美国人带了一本由总统
签字的圣经，还有一盒象征着改善美伊关系的钥匙形蛋糕。
今天在德黑兰，在查
封美国使馆周年纪念会上，
Rafsanjani
声称美国使者的来访显示了华盛顿的无助。白宫既没有承认也没有
否认这份报道，因为
据新闻媒体说，
4
现在已经为释放人质做了很多努力，无谓的评
论可能会伤害到他们。
Robert
McFarlane
，原来也是
NPR
的一位早晨社论的政治评
论员，现在无法作出任何回应。我是来自华盛
顿的
Elizab
eth Colton.
Question:
1.
deal that Iran
offered the US/condition
2.
how the Americans were treated
3.
gifts brought
by the Americans
4.
reason why the White House neither
confirmed nor denied the news report.
4
Lesson 3
Section One: News in Brief
1.
IBM pulls out
of South Africa
1. IBM, following the
lead of General Motors, announced today it's
pulling out of South Africa. Like General
Motors,
IBM
says
it's
selling
its
South
African
holdings
because
of
the
political
and
economic
situation
there.
Anti-apartheid
groups have
praised the decision, but the State Department
says business pullouts are regrettable.
Spokesman Charles Redmond said today
the Reagan Administration believes US corporate
involvement in South
Africa
has
been
a
progressive
force
against
apartheid.
regret
any
decision
to
reduce
US
private
sector
involvement
in
South
Africa.
Such
reductions
could
have
harmful
effects
on
black
workers,
injure
the
South
African
economy
which
has,
on
the
whole,
weakened
the
premises
of
apartheid
and
provided
a
means
of
improving the living
standards and skills of many people otherwise
disadvantaged by apartheid, and it might limit
the extent of US influence in South
Africa.
1,500 people in South Africa.
跟随
GM
(
通用汽车
)
的脚步，
IBM
今天宣布将从南非撤资。象
GM
一样，
IBM
说它出售在南非
的资
产是因为那里的政治和经济状况。反隔离组织赞同他们的决定，但国防部说商家撤资
是令人遗憾的事情。
发言人
Charles Redmond<
/p>
今天说里根政府相信美国与南非的合作可以有效地推动南非反种族隔离。
< br>“
我对于
任何关于美国私营企业减少在南非投资的决定深
表遗憾。这样的减少会伤害黑人们的努力，会损害南非的
经济，
大体上，
削弱了种族隔离的前提及为许多因隔离而贫穷的人们提供提高人们生活水平和技
巧的手段，
并且可能会减弱美国在南非的影响范围。
”
发言人
Charles Redmond
说道。
IBM
在南非有
1500
名工人。
2.
Demonstrations in Zimbabwe
More than
fifty black youths were arrested today in Harare,
Zimbabwe, when police broke up demonstrations
at South African offices and the US
embassy. Julie Fredricks reports.
and
youths caused thousands of dollars of damage by
burning and stoning the offices of the South
African trade
mission, South African
Airways, Air Malawi, and the Malawian High
Commission. The demonstrators suspected
South
African
complicity
in
the
plane
crash
that
killed
Mozambiquan
President
Machel
in
South
Africa
and
blamed
Malawi
for
supporting
the
Pretoria-backed
insurgents
that
are
attacking
Mozambique.
Zimbabwean
government
officials
appealed
for
calm,
and
a
statement
from
Prime
Minister
Mugabe
just
back
from
a
trip
to
London is expected
tomorrow. For National Public Radio, this is Julie
Fredricks in Harare.
今天在津巴布
韦的哈拉雷（
Harare
），当警方驱散在南非办事处和美国
使馆处的示威活动时，有超过
50
位黑人青年被捕。
Julie Fredricks
报道。
“
有上千名学生和青年造成数千美元的损坏，他们或用火烧，或
用石头砸
南非贸易使团的办公室、南非航空公司、马拉维航空公司、马拉维特派使节团。示威者怀疑南非
< br>参与了
Mozambique
总统
Machel
在南非飞机失事死亡的阴谋策划，
并责备马拉维
支持
Pretoria-backed
攻击
Mozambique
的叛乱活动。
津巴布韦政府官方今天
表现得很平静，
刚从伦敦旅行回来的首相
Mugabe
将在明
天发表声明。这是来自
Harare
的
NPR
记者
Ju
lie Fredricks
的报道。
3. President Reagan met for about an
hour today with West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl
at the White
House. Kohl is the first
European leader to visit the President since the
Reykjavik summit. US officials say Kohl
expressed support for the President's
SDI program.
5
Section Two: News in Detail:
West German Chancellor Kohl in
Washington
West German Chancellor
Helmut Kohl is in Washington D.C. for four days of
meetings. Among the issues
on
his
agenda
are
economic
relations
with
the
US
and
Germany's
policy
towards
southern
Africa.
But
today,
Kohl's
talk
with
President
Reagan
was
dominated
by
the
recent
US-
Soviet
summit
meeting
in
Iceland.
NPR's
Brenda Wilson reports.
西德总理科尔在华盛顿进行为期四天的访问。他的议程是讨论德美经济关系及对于非洲南部国家的
政
策。但今天，科尔与总统的谈话主要是最近在冰岛进行的美苏高峰会谈。
NPR
的
Bredda
Wilson
报道。
While
no
major
agreement
was
signed
by
the
United
States
and
the
Soviet
Union
in
Reykjavik,
the
two
countries
made
progress
in
arms
control
talks
in
areas
that
are
a
central
concern
to
America's
European
allies.
Those
particular
areas
involve
disarmament
proposals
made
in
Iceland,
affecting
medium-range
missiles
and
long-range missiles over
which allies have voiced some reservations.
This was a major topic of discussion
with
Chancellor Kohl today, even though
his Foreign Minister was briefed by the US
Secretary of State only last week.
In
remarks welcoming Chancellor Kohl, President
Reagan sounded a positive note, saying that there
was ample
reason for optimism.
will not be the result of weakness of
timidity on the part of Western nations. Instead,
it will flow from our strength,
realism
and unity.
ahead with his Strategic
Defense Initiative, SDI, because it offered
protection against cheating. But members of
NATO,
including
Germany,
have
expressed
concern
that
eliminating
medium-range
missiles
in
Europe
as
was
proposed in Reykjavik
would potentially leave Europe vulnerable to the
Soviet shorter-range missiles and greater
superiority in conventional forces.
美苏在
Reykjavik
的会谈虽然没有签署最终协议，但两个国家在武器控制方面有一定进展，其中包括
美国的欧洲联军。
对这些在冰岛定下的裁军建议，欧洲盟军对于中程和远程导弹
方面有保留意见。
这是科
尔今天会谈的主要议题，尽管他的外长
只在上周与美国国务卿简单提起。为了表示对科尔来访的诚意，里
根总统用肯定的语调，
说事情有理由看得乐观一点。
“
当下次与苏联达成会谈共识时，
我是说有一天肯定
会，而不是也许，这不会是造成使西方国家削弱或胆怯的结果。相反，
会使我们强大、务实和团结。
”
总
统还
解释了会谈的成功依赖于推进主动国防战略
SDI
系统，因为它
会提供保护而免于欺骗。但北约组织
（
NATO
）包括德国，担心如果欧洲按冰岛会谈建议消除中程导弹的话，欧洲国家就有可能受到苏联的短
程导弹和较具优越性的常规武器的威胁。
They expressed doubts that SDI could
make up for those deficiencies. The allies, in
particular West Germany,
want
reductions
in
medium-range
missiles
tied
to
reductions
in
shorter-range
missiles
and
conventional
forces.
Chancellor Kohl was
expected to press these points and to urge
President Reagan to compromise on SDI to keep
talks between the US and the Soviets
moving. Speaking through an interpreter in his
arrival remarks, Kohl did not
mention
SDI,
with ever fewer weapons.
In Reykjavik, thanks to your serious
and consistent efforts in pursuit of peace, a
major
step
was
taken
in
this
direction.
And
we
must
now
take
the
opportunities
that
present
themselves
without
endangering our defensive
capability.
他们表达了对于
SDI
会弥补这些缺陷的怀疑。盟军们，尤其是西德，希望在削减中程导弹的同时削
减
短程导弹和常规武器。科尔受他们之托来表达这些观点，并劝说里根总统在
SDI
上妥协以保持美苏之间的
会谈。在他的抵达
发言中，科尔通过翻译的讲话并没有提及
SDI
。
“
总统先生，我知道你和我保持着一样的
目标，以更
少的武器打造和平安全的世界。
感谢你在冰岛对于推动和平所做的认真持续的努力，并朝
着这
个方向前进了一大步。我们现在必须抓住这个机会，使他们没有威胁到我们国防的能
力。
”
After the
meeting between Kohl and the President, a senior
administration official quoted Kohl as saying that
he has always been in favor of the
Strategic Defense system. At the White House, I'm
Brenda Wilson.
在科尔与里根会谈后，一位
高级官员引用科尔的话说他对于国防战略系统很感兴趣。这是在白宫，我
6
是
Brenda Wilson.
Those particular areas
involve disarmament proposals made in Iceland,
affecting medium-range missiles and
long-range missiles over which allies
have voiced some reservations.
1.
Create peace
and security with ever fewer weapons.
2.
A major step
was taken in this direction.
3.
We must now
take the opportunities.
7
Lesson 4
Section
One: News in Brief
1. Another American
has been kidnapped in West Beirut. Fifty-three-
year-old Frank Reed was abducted by
four gunmen this morning. Islamic Jihad
claimed responsibility, accusing Reed of being a
spy. The pro-Iranian
group already
holds at least three other Americans and three
Frenchmen. Reed is the Director of the
Lebanese
International School. He is a
native of Malden, Massachusetts and has lived in
Lebanon for eight years.
一名叫
Frank Reed
的
53
岁美国人在
West Beirut
于今天早晨被
4
个持枪者绑架。伊斯兰教护
教运动组
织声称为此事负责，指控
Reed
是个间谍。
这个前伊朗团体至少绑架了
< br>3
个美国人和
3
个法国人。
Reed
是黎巴嫩国际学校的主任。他是马萨诸塞州奥尔登人，住在
黎巴嫩已有
8
年。
2.
A
federal
jury
in
Brooklyn,
New
York
today
indicted
a
Soviet
UN
employee
on
charges
of
spying.
Gennadi
Zakharov
is
being
held
without
bond,
pending
trial
on
the
charges. John Kailish
has
more
from
New
York.
thirty-nine-year-old
Soviet
physicist
worked
at
the
UN
Center
for
Science
and
Technology
until
August
23rd
when
he
was arrested
on
a
Queens
Subway
platform
for
allegedly
buying
military
secrets
from
a
college
student.
It
turned
out
that
the
student
worked
for
the
FBI
and
was
known
by
the
code
name
'Berg.'
According to today's indictment,
Zakharov agreed to pay Berg for information
involving the national defense of
the
United States. Berg, in turn, agreed to work for
the Soviet Union for a period of ten years. The
two met a total
of
four
times,
from
April
1983
to
August
of
1986.
At
their
final
meeting,
Zakharov
allegedly
gave
Berg
a
thousand
dollars.
Zakharov
is
currently
being
held
in
a
federal
jail
in
Manhattan.
He
faces
life
in
prison
if
convicted on the espionage
charges.
今天，纽约布鲁克林的一个联邦审判团指控
一名苏联雇员为间谍。
Gennadi
Zakharov
，
39
岁，苏联物
理学家，在联合国中心工作，
8
月
23
日在
Queens
地铁的月台上被捕
，据称当时他正从一个大学学生那里
购买军事机密。后发现该学生为
FBI
工作，代号
“Berg”
。
根据控告，
Zakharov
同意从
B
erg
那里购买包括
联合国国防信息的情报。
< br>Berg
也同意为苏联工作十年。两人总共从
1983<
/p>
年
4
月到
198
6
年接洽了四次。据
其申述，
Zakh
arov
共付给
Berg 1000
美
元。
Zakharov
现在被关押在曼哈顿的一个联邦监狱里，
如果他被证
实为间谍，将要面临被终身监禁。
3
．
The
foreign editor of a news magazine recently banned
in Chile has been found shot dead near a cemetery
in
Santiago.
The
family
of
Jose
Carrasco
says
he
was
taken
from
his
home
by
armed
men
who
claimed
to
be
police.
Carrasco's
magazine,
Analisis,
has been banned under
the
new
state
of
siege
imposed
in
Chile
after
an
attempt this weekend to assassinate
President Augusto Pinochet. Since the attempt,
police have been rounding up
opposition
leaders although they deny they arrested Carrasco.
一家最近在智利被禁止的新闻杂志的外国编辑被发现在亚地亚
哥的一处公墓附近被枪杀。
Jose
Carrasco
的家人说他被一群自称为警察的武装人员从家中带走。
Carrasc
o
的杂志，《
Analisis
》，在
本周末
总统
Augusto
Pino
chet
差点被暗杀事件发生后在智利宣布紧急状态时被禁止。尽管警察不承认他们逮捕
了
Carrasco
，但他们在暗杀事件发生后一直在围捕反对
派的领导。
Section
Two: News in Detail:
In Chile, the
military government held a rally today in support
of President Augusto Pinochet, who escaped
an assassination attempt two days ago.
A crackdown on opponents of his government
continued in response to
that
attack.
A
journalist
for an
opposition
magazine
was
found dead.
His
family
and
colleagues
charge
he had
been kidnapped
yesterday by police. Tim Fosca reports now from
Santiago.
在智利，
军事
政府举行了集会以支持总统
Augusto Pinochet
，
而他在两天前刚刚从一场暗杀事件中逃脱。
作为对于那件袭击
事件的回应，对政府反对派的镇压行动一直在持续进行。一家反对派杂志的记者被发现
死
亡，他的家人与同事声称他于昨天被警察绑架。
Tim
Fosca
从圣地亚哥报道。
Several
thousand
people
gathered
in
front
of
La
Moneda,
the
presidential
palace,
for
a
rally
in
support
General Augusto Pinochet this
afternoon.
Heavily armed soldiers were
stationed along major downtown streets
8
for the demonstration,
which is celebrating the thirteenth anniversary
this week of the military takeover.
Hundreds
of members of women's charity
groups passed in review before General Pinochet
and his wife Lucia. The head of
state
appeared
physically
unaffected
by
his
close
call
Sunday
when
he
narrowly
escaped
assassination.
Hours
before the rally, Jose Carrasco, a
thirty-eight-year-old editor at the opposition
magazine Analisis was found dead
in a
Santiago cemetery. He had been shot ten times.
Carrasco's wife said he was roused from bed early
Monday
morning by men claiming to be
police. But authorities officially denied his
arrest. Carrasco, a member of MIR, the
revolutionary left movement, had been
back in Chile only two years after eight years in
exile. The bodies of at
least two more
murdered victims were also found today, but their
identities have not yet been established. Arrests
continued in the second day of the
state of siege. More leftist political figures
were rounded up, bringing the total
number of detentions to twenty. The
government has issued arrest orders for a number
others, some of whom are
in hiding. On
the list is at least one member of the Chilean
Human Rights Commission. A spokesman said the
homes of Commission members in the
provincial city of San Fernando were also raided,
but no members were at
home. All
opposition magazines were ordered closed
yesterday, including the Christian democratic
weekly, Hoy.
Under the last
state of siege
in 1984 and 85, Hoy was
allowed to continue publishing. The situation of
five foreign
priests and one local lay
worker detained yesterday remains unresolved. The
clergymen were accused of attacking
police officers and carrying
instructions on how to make home-made bombs.
General Pinochet warned yesterday
that
human rights advocates would have to be expelled.
For National Public Radio, this is Tim Fosca in
Santiago.
今天下午，几千人聚集在总统府
La
Moneda
的门前声援
Augusto Pinochet<
/p>
将军。
全副武装的士兵在市
区主要街道重
兵驻扎，以保护正在庆祝本周第
13
周年军队接管的游行示威活
动。
妇女慈善团体的几百个
成员在
Pi
nochet
及其夫人面前（列队）通过接受检阅。这名政府首脑表现得未受上次暗杀事
件的影响。在
该集会举行的几小时之前，
Jose Carra
sco
，一名
38
岁的反对派杂志《<
/p>
Analisis
》的编辑被发现在圣地亚哥的
< br>墓地死亡，他曾遭到十次枪杀。
Carrasco
的妻子
称他于周一早晨被自称为警察的人从床上叫起，但政府不
承认曾逮捕他。
Carrasco
是
MIR
（
革命性左派运动）的成员，在
8
年的放逐后刚刚回到智利两年。
今天至
少发现两名被害人尸体，但他们的身份有待确认。在戒严令颁布后的第二天逮捕仍
在进行。更多名左翼政
治人物被围捕，被捕人数已达
20
人。政府已发布了另一部分人的逮捕令，他们中的一些人正在躲藏。在
逮捕名单上至少有一名智利人权委员会成员名字。一名发言人声称在首都的该委员会成员的住宅亦进行搜
捕，但没有成员留在家中。所有反对派的杂志于昨天被令关闭，包括基督教民主周报《
Hoy
》。在
1984
年
和
1985
年间的最后的戒严令下，<
/p>
《
Hoy
》被允许继续发行，而昨天
5
名外国牧师和一名当地信徒被捕的问
题仍
未解决。这些牧师被指控袭击警官并携带自制炸弹的指导。
Pinochet
总统于昨天警告那些人权倡议者
们将必须被驱逐。
NPR
的
Tim
Fosca
于圣地亚哥报道。
Which is celebrating the
13
th
anniversary this week
of the military takeover?
The situation of five foreign priests
and one local lay worker detained yesterday
remains unresolved.
The clergymen were
accused of attacking police officers and carrying
instructions on how to make
home-made
bomb.
9
Lesson 5
Section One: News
in Brief
1.
The
House
began
debate
today
on
a
three-year
bill
to
combat
trafficking
and
use
of
illegal
drugs.
The
measure has the support of most
representatives and House Speaker Thomas O'Neill
says he expects it to pass by
tomorrow.
Among other things, the bill would increase
penalties for violators, provide
money
to increase drug
enforcement and coast
guard personnel, and require drug producing
countries to establish eradication programs as
a condition of US support for
development loans.
今天，议会就一项
为期
3
年的抵制非法毒品交易与使用的议案开始进行讨论。这项
举措得到大多数代
表的支持，议会发言人
Thomas O?N
eill
称，他期望这项法案在明天能够通过。在该议案中，将对违反者加
重处罚，提供资金以加强毒品管制并增强海岸巡逻队，并要求毒品生产国家建立根除毒品的计划，并以
此
作为美国提供发展资金的条件。
2. A cultural exchange between the US
and the Soviet Union may face an American boycott
unless US News
and
World
Report
correspondent,
Nicholas
Daniloff,
is
freed
from
a
Moscow
jail.
An
American
style
town
meeting is scheduled to
take place in Latvia next week, but the two
hundred seventy Americans due to take part
say they won't go if Daniloff remains
in jail. They add the decision is a personal one
and is not being made by the
Reagan
Administration in retaliation for the Daniloff
detention.
2.
<
/p>
在美国与苏联之间进行的一项文化交流活动可能会遭到美国人的抵制，除非《美国新闻与世
界报
道》
的记者
Nicholas D
aniloff
从莫斯科监狱获释。
一次美国风格的镇民大会计
划于下周在拉脱维亚
（
Latvia
）
举行，但参加本次文化交流大会的
270
名美国人称，如果
Daniloff
仍被扣留在监狱里，他们
不会参加这次
大会的。他们补充说，这项决定完全是个人行为，与里根政府无关。
3. Egyptian and Israeli
negotiators have reached agreement on resolving
the Taba border dispute, clearing the
way for a summit between the two
countries to begin tomorrow. Egyptian President
Hosni Mubarak and Israeli
Prime
Minister
Shimon
Peres
will
meet
in
Alexandria,
Details
of
the
Taba
agreement
have
not
been
made
available.
Section Two: News in
Detail
The United States
House of Representatives is debating an omnibus
drug bill and expects to pass the measure
tomorrow. Though the bill has attracted
strong bipartisan support, NPR's Cokey Roberts
reports the debate on the
issue points
up the differences between political parties.
美国众议院正在讨论一项综合性的毒品议案，并可望于明天通
过这项法案。尽管该议案得到两党强烈
支持，但
NPR
的
Cokey Roberts
报导说，争论的
焦点在于两党之间对该问题的分歧。
When Congress returned from the
Fourth of July recess
, House
Speaker Tip O'Neill said there was only one
thing
members
were
talking
about
in
the
cloak-room:
drugs.
The
Democrats
quickly
pulled
together
chairmen
from
twelve
different
committees
to
draft
a
drug
package.
Then,
stung
by
criticism
that
they
were
acting
in
a
partisan
fashion, the Democratic leaders
invited
the Republicans to join them in the newly declared
war on drugs.
So, when the bill came to
the House floor today, the party leaders led off
debate. Texas Democrat Jim Wright.
在国会成员从
美国独立纪念日
休假归来后，<
/p>
国会发言人
Tip O?Neill
称，
这些成员们在衣帽间讨论的事
情只有一件：毒品。民主党迅速地
召集了
12
个不同委员会的主席来共同起草反毒品计划书。在其
行为被
批评为游击队似的行为的促进下，民主党领导们邀请共和党人加入他们对毒品发出
的最新宣战。因此，当
议案在今天到达议会时，两党领导们开始了争论。
Texas
民主党人
Jim
Wright
报道。
coordinated
assault
upon
this
menace,
which
is
draining
our
economy
of
some
two
hundred
and
thirty
billion
10
dollars this year, slowly
rotting away the fabric of our society, seducing
and killing our young. That it will take
money is hardly debatable. We can't
fight
artillery
with
spitballs
.
“
是时候了，我们宣告动员一切力量，公共力量与私人力量，国家力量与地方
力量，向这个威胁（毒
品）发起全面进攻！毒品在今年使我们的经济损失了约
2,300
亿美元，慢慢地腐蚀着我们的社会机构，并
且引诱和杀害着我们的青少年。这（进行这项进攻）需要花钱是无可非议的，我们不可能以口头行动对付
真枪实弹。
”
The question of just how much money
this measure will cost has not been answered to
the satisfaction of all
members.
Democrats say it's one and half billion dollars
over three years, with almost seven hundred
thousand for
next year. Republicans
claim the price tag will run higher and are trying
to emphasize other aspects of the drug
battle, aspects which they think play
better in Republican campaigns. Minority leader
Robert Michel.
这项举措耗资多少的问题仍
未得到使所有成员都满意的回答。
民主党人称，
这项举措三年的
费用为
15
亿美元，明年将会需要约
7
0
万美元。共和党人则称，这个价格标签只会更高，并试图强调毒品斗争的其
它方面，那些他们认为对共和党的竞选活动更有利的方面。少数党领导
Ro
bert Michel
发言说。
temptation of taking drugs.
It is ultimately a problem of character, of will
power, of family and community, and
concern, and personal pride.
“
对毒品瘟疫的最终解决之道必须是来自每一个面临吸毒诱惑的
个体（的自觉抵制）。它最终是一个
品格问题，是意志力问题，是家庭与社会问题，是关
心问题，并且是个人荣誉问题。
”
Among
other
items,
the
bill
before
the
House
increases
penalties
for
most
drug
related
crimes,
sets
the
minimum
jail
term
of
twenty
years
for
drug
trafficking
and
manufacturing,
authorizes
money
for
the
drug
enforcement administration and prison
construction, beefs up the ability of the coast
guard and customs service to
stop
drugs
coming
into
this
country,
and
creates
programs
for
drug
education.
The
various
sections
of
the
measure
give
House
members
ample
opportunity
to
speak
on
an
issue
where
they
want
their
voices
heard.
Maryland Democratic
Barbara McCulsky was nominated for the Senate
yesterday. Today, she spoke to the part of
the bill which funds drug eradication
programs in foreign countries.
在（提出的）所有条款中，在议会加重对与毒品有关的所有犯罪的处罚之前，该议案设立了毒品交易
与制造的最低监禁期为
20
年，批准了毒品
强制管理与监狱建设的资金，加强海岸巡逻队以及海关服务以
断绝毒品从别国进入美国，
并创建毒品教育计划。
对该举措的各个部分的讨论给予议会成员
们充分的机会
,
来针对他们希望别人听到自己的想法的话题进行
发言。
昨天马里兰民主派
Barbara McCulsky<
/p>
被提名为参议
员。今天，她针对该议案中资助外国毒品根除项目的
部分发表了演讲。
what the Foreign Affairs
section of this legislation will do. It will go to
the swamps, or where cocaine is either
grown, refined, or
manufactured.
“
当我
们与黄热病作斗争的时候，我们不是着手一次扑死一只蚊子，我们是直接去消灭沼泽地，这是
本次立法中外交事务部门会做的事。它会把目标对准那些沼泽地，那些可卡因的产地，以及提炼或制造的
地区。
”
Republican Henson Moore is running for
the Senate in Louisiana. He spoke to the part of
the drug bill which
changes the trade
laws for countries which deal in drugs.
共和党
Henson
Moore
正竞选路易斯安那州的参议员。他针对毒品议案中修改对毒品交易
国贸易法的
部分发表了演说。
moving
to
stop
something;
it's
absolutely
idiotic.
It
needs
to
be
stopped:
this
situation
of
where
a
country
can
sell
legally
to
us
on
the
one
hand
and
illegally
to
us
under
the
table,
selling
drugs
in
this
country
poisoning our young people and
our population.
“
我们要去阻止某件事情；这简直是白痴的行为！这种情况必须被阻止：一个国家能一方面合法地向
我们出售货物，另一方面私下非法地向这个国家贩卖毒品，毒害我们的青少年和我们的国民。
”
4
个人
….Jim Wright,
Robert Michel,…..
新毒品法内容
11
Lesson 6
Section One: News in Brief
1. The Senate has voted to override
President Reagan's veto of sanctions against South
Africa by a decisive
seventy-eight to
twenty-one. As the House has already voted to
override, the sanctions now become law. NPR's
Linda Wertheimer reports.
debate
from
the
Senate
family
gallery
as
members
argued
not
so
much
about
sanctions
and
the
efficacy
of
sanctions,
more
about
the
choice
between
affirming
the
bill
already
passed
by
congress
or
supporting
the
President.
参议院投票推
翻了里根总统关于制裁南非的议案的否决权，票数是决定性的
78
比
21
。由于众议院已
经投票推翻（
总统的否决权），如今这项制裁议案已成为法律。
NPR
的
Linda
Wertheimer
报道。
“
美国的
人权领导们，包括
Caretta Scott King
女士，从参议院家属席上观看了参
议院的争论，成员们对制裁及其功
效谈之甚少，而对是肯定这项已经由国会通过的议案或
是支持总统争论不休。
2. American food
aid to southern African countries could be cut off
if South Africa carries out its threat to
ban imports of US grain. Foreign
Minister Pic Botha said if US sanctions were
imposed, his government would
stop
imports and would not allow its transport service
to carry US grain to neighboring countries.
3. The White House today denied that it
planted misleading stories in the American news
media as part of a
plan
to
topple
Libyan
leader
Muammar
Quddafi.
The Washington Post
reported
this
morning
that
stories
were
leaked
this
summer
alleging
Quddafi
was
resuming
his
support
for
terrorist
activities,
even
though
National
Security
Adviser
John
Poindexter
knew
otherwise.
Today,
White
House
spokesman
Larry
Speakes
said
Poindexter denied the administration
had involved the media in an anti-Quddafi campaign
but Speakes left open
the possibility a
disinformation campaign was conducted in other
countries.
白宫不承认对美国新闻媒体散布了令
人误解的假新闻作为其企图推翻利比亚领导
Muammar
Q
uddafi
的计划的一部分。华盛顿邮报今天早晨报导，今年夏天这则消息泄露出来，
宣称
Quddafi
正在继续支持恐
怖
主义行动，尽管国家安全顾问
John
Poindexter
知道的是另一种情况。今天，白宫发言人
Larry
Speakes
称，
Poindexter
否认了里根政府曾使媒体参与这项反
Quddafi
运动，
但
Speakes
并未
否认在其它国家进行故
意假情报行为的可能性。
Section Two: News in Detail
The question in Washington today is
this: Did the federal government try to scare
Libya's Colonel Muammar
Quddafi
in
August
by
way
of
a
disinformation
campaign
in
the
American
media?
The
Washington
Post
Bob
Woodward
reports
today
that
there
was
an
elaborate
disinformation
program
set
up
by
the
White
House
to
convince
Quddafi
that
the
United
States
was
about
to
attack
again,
or
that
he
might
be
ousted
in
a
coup.
The
White
House
today
denies
that
officials
tried
to
mislead
Quddafi
by
using
the
American
media.
NPR's
Bill
Busenburg has our first report on the
controversy.
今天在华盛顿的问题是：联邦政
府在八月份有没有通过在美国媒体间发布一项故意的假情报的行为来
试图恐吓利比亚的陆
军上校
Muammar
Quddafi
？华盛顿邮报
Bob Woodward
今天报道说，白宫故意制造了
一项详尽的假情报计划来使
Quddafi
信服美国打算再次发动进攻，或使他相信自己可能会在一次政
变中被
取代。
白宫今天否认了政府试图通过利用美国媒体来误导
Quddafi
。
NPR
的
Bill Busenburg
对这场争论进行<
/p>
了第一次报道。
The story starts on August 25th when
the Wall Street Journal ran a front page story
saying that Libya and the
United States
were once again on a collision course.
Quoting multiple official sources, the paper said
Quddafi
was plotting new terrorist
attacks and the Reagan Administration was
preparing to teach him another lesson. The
12
Journal
reported
that
the
Pentagon
was
completing
plans
for
a
new
and
wider
bombing
of
Libya
in
case
the
President ordered it.
这则消息在
8
月
25
日开始流传，当时华尔街日报在其首页刊登了这则消息，称利比亚与美国再次交
锋。
通过引证多则官方消息来源，该报称
Qudda
fi
正在计划新的恐怖袭击，里根政府准备对其进行再一次
的教
训。该日报报道说，五角大楼正在部署，一旦总统下令，将对利比亚发动一场新的更广范围的轰炸。
That
story
caused
a
flurry
of
press
attention.
Officials
in
Washington
and
at
the
western
White
House
in
California
were
asked
if
it
was
true.
story
was
authoritative,
said
the
White
House
spokesman
Larry
Speakes.
Based
on
that
official
confirmation,
other
news
organizations,
including
the
New
York
Times
,
the
Washington Post , NPR
and the major TV networks, all ran stories
suggesting Libya should watch out. US naval
maneuvers then taking place in the
Mediterranean might be used as a cover for more
attacks on Libya as in the
past.
这则消息引起新闻界一场恐慌。
华盛
顿与位于加州的西部白宫的官员们被询问这则消息是否属实。
“
这
则消息是权威性的，
”
白宫发言人<
/p>
Larry
Speakes
说。在得到
官方证实后，新闻组织，包括纽约时报、华盛
顿邮报、
NPR<
/p>
以及各大电视网络，对此进行了报道，建议利比亚应对此进行防范。在地中海进行的美国海
军演习可能会象过去一样被用来作为攻打利比亚的掩护。
Today's Washington Post,
however, quotes from an August 14th secret White
House plan, adopted eleven
days before
the Wall Street Journal story. It was outlined in
a memo written by the President's National
Security
Advisor
John
Poindexter.
That
plan
called
for
a
strategy
of
real
and
illusory
events,
using
a
disinformation
program
to
make
Quddafi
think
the
United
States
was
about
to
move
against
him
militarily.
Here
are
some
examples the Post cites, suggesting
disinformation was used domestically:
Number one,
while some US
officials
told
the
press
Quddafi
was
stepping
up
his
terrorist
plans,
President
Reagan
was
being
told
in
a
memo
that
Quddafi was temporarily
quiescent, in other words, that he wasn't
active.
Number two
, while
some officials were
telling the press
of internal infighting in Libya to oust Quddafi,
US officials really believed he was firmly in
power
and
that
CIA's
efforts
to
oust
him
were
not
working.
Number
three
,
while
officials
were
telling
the
press
the
Pentagon was planning new attacks, in
fact nothing new was being done. Existing
contingency plans were several
months
old, and the naval maneuvers were just maneuvers.
The Post says this policy of deception
was approved at
a National Security
Planning Group meeting chaired by President Reagan
and his top aides.
然而，今天华盛顿邮报引证了
8
月
14
日一项白宫秘密计划
，这项计划是在华尔街日报的消息发布
11
天前被采用的，由总
统的国家安全顾问
John Poindexter
以备忘录的
形式描述。计划提出运用真实的以及虚
幻事件的策略，来利用故意的假情报以使
Quddafi
认为美国将会对其发动军事行动。邮报在下面引用了一<
/p>
些事实，说明故意的假情报在国内被使用：
首先，在一些美国官员
告知媒体
Quddafi
正在进行其恐怖计划
< br>之时，里根总统则从一则备忘录中得知
Quddafi
是
暂时按兵不动，换句话说，
Quddafi
处于非活跃状态。第
二，在一些官员告知媒体利比亚国内正处于推翻
Quddafi
的内部混战之时，美国官员则知道他的权力是稳
固的，中央情报
局推翻他的努力并未奏效。第三，当美国官员们告知媒体五角大楼正计划新的进攻时，事
实上并未采取任何新的行动。
现有的紧急计划是几个月前的旧计划，海军演习仍然只是演
习。邮报称，这
项欺骗的策略在一次由里根总统及其高级助手主持的国家安全计划小组会
议上得到证实。
disinfor
mation
散布假情报
The
story
starts
on
August
25
th
when
the
Wall
Street
Journal
ran
a
front
page
story
saying
that
Libya
and
the
United States
were once again on a collision
course……(88
页第一段
)
88
页倒数第
4
行
Number one,….Number two…..Number
three…
这三条
13
Lesson 7
Section One: News in Brief
1.
Both
House
and
Senate
negotiators
today
approved
sweeping
immigration
legislation
that
could
grant
amnesty to millions of illegal aliens
who entered the country before 1982. The bill, as
worked out in five hours of
closed-door
negotiations,
would
establish
a
system
of
fines
against
employers
who
hire
illegal
immigrants.
It
would
also
make
those
who
came
to
the
US
illegally
but
have
established
roots
in
this
country
eligible
for
amne
sty.
今天众议院与参议院的代表们通过了一项全面移民议案，这项
议案将对那些在
1982
年以前来到美国
的数百万之非法侨民给予特赦。这项议案在两院非公开讨论了
5
个小时后终于通过，它将建立罚款机制，
对那些雇佣非法移民的雇主们进行处罚。这项
方案将对那些非法来到美国但在这个国家已经立足的移民提
供特赦。
2. The Supreme Court
today agreed to decide if Illinois can require
minors wanting abortions to notify their
parents or obtain judicial consent. The
justices will review the decision striking down a
1983 law, which required
some girls to
wait twenty-four hours after telling their parents
they wanted an abortion.
最高
法院今天同意对伊利诺斯州是否能够要求那些欲堕胎的未成年人通知其家长或获得司法同意进
行判决。判决结果将会取代
1983
年的一项法律，而该法
律要求一些女孩在告知其父母她们欲堕胎后等上
24
小时之久。
3. It was announced today
that the winner of this year's Noble Peace Prize
is Elie Wiesel. He has written
twenty-
five books on his experiences in a Nazi prison of
war camp and on the Holocaust. And he's been a
human
rights
activist
for
thirty
years.
NPR's
Mike
Shuster
reports.
was
sleeping
in
his
Manhattan
apartment
when he received
the word at five o'clock this morning from the
Nobel Committee in Oslo, Norway. Wiesel said
he
was
flabbergasted
at
the
news,
and
later
at
a
press
conference,
he
said
he
would
dedicate
his
Prize
to
the
survivors of the
Holocaust and their children.
have
tried
to
do
something
with
their
pain,
with
their
memory,
with
their
silence,
with
their
life.
Wiesel,
fifty-eight, is a native of Rumania. As
a teenager, he and his family were sent to a Nazi
death camp. He and two
sisters
survived; his mother, father, and younger sister
did not. After the War, Wiesel went first to
France, then to
the United States. He
is credited with the first use of the word
'Holocaust' to describe the Nazi
extermination
of
the Jews.
今天宣布今年的诺贝尔和平奖获得者是
Elie Wiesel
。
他共撰写了
25
本书，
讲述他在纳粹集中营及大屠
杀过程中的经历，三十年
以来，
他还一直是位人权活动家。
NPR
的
Mike Shuster
报道。当
Wiesel
在今天早
晨
5
点钟从挪威的奥斯陆
（
Oslo, Norwa
y
）
得知这个消息的时候，
他还正在他
Manhattan
的家中睡觉。
Wi
esel
称，当他听到这则消息的时候大吃一惊，稍后在新闻发布会上，他称，他会将他
的奖金捐献给那场大屠杀
的幸存者以及他们的孩子们。
“
这个荣誉不是我一个人的，它属于所有的幸存者，他们曾经试图用他们的
痛苦，用他们的记忆，用他们的沉默，还有他们的生命做出一些事情。
”“Wiese
l
，
58
岁，是（
Rumania
）
罗马利亚本地人。在十几岁时，他和他的
家人被送到纳粹集中营。他和他的两个姐姐幸存下来，但他的妈
妈、爸爸和弟弟未能幸免
。战后，
Wiesel
来到法国，后至美国。他是第一个使用<
/p>
“Holocaust”
这个词来形容
纳
粹分子对犹太人的灭绝性行为的。
”
Section Two: News in Detail
A House-Senate Conference Committee has
agreed to an immigration reform bill. The measure,
which had
died in the final days of the
last two Congresses, now looks as though it will
become law. NPR's Cokie Roberts
reports.
两院协商委员会
通过了一项移民改革法案。这项改革举措，曾在最近两届国会上的最后几天里沉寂无
声，
但现在看上去似乎将要成为立法。
NPR
的
Cokie Robert
报导。
One of the chief advocates of the
immigration bill, New York Democrat Charles
Schumer, says that this year
immigration
became
a
white
hat
issue,
that
the
forces
fighting
against
the
measures
finally
had
a
force
on
the
14
opposite
side
of
equal
rate
public
opinion.
The
opponents
of
immigration
reform
have
always
been
many:
Hispanics
in
Congress
and
in
the
country
have
opposed
the
part
of
the
bill
most
lawmakers
consider
key
—
punishment
for employers who knowingly hire illegals. The
measure, passed at a conference today, would
provide
civil
penalties
and
criminal
penalties
for
those
who
repeatedly
hire
illegal
aliens.
Hispanics
worry
the
employer sanctions would
cause discrimination against anyone with an accent
or Spanish name, whether legal or
not.
The new bill includes strong anti-discrimination
language for employers who do refuse to hire any
Hispanics
while still allowing someone
to hire a citizen before an alien. To appease
Hispanics and others, the immigration
bill includes amnesty for aliens who
have been in this country for five years.
该项移民法案主要倡导者之一是纽约民主党人
Charles
Schumer
，
他称今年的移民问题成为一个白帽问
题，反对这项法案的力量最终会在民众中遭到同等的反对。移民改革法案的反对者们总是很多：国
会中的
以及百姓中的西班牙人反对法案中大部分立法者认为是重点的部分：对有意雇佣非
法移民的雇主进行惩
罚。
这项举措在今天的协商会议上通过，<
/p>
它将对那些再三雇佣非法移民的雇主们进行民事处罚及刑事处罚。
西班牙人则担心这项对雇主的处罚将会导致对任何一个操西班牙口音的或是有着西班牙名字的人产生歧
视，而不管他们是不是合法移民。这项新的法案包括针对那些确实拒绝雇用西班牙人的雇主的反歧视 的强
硬措施，但同时仍然允许雇主们雇用本国公民先于雇用侨民。
为了安抚西班牙人及其他人，
,
移
民法案将
包含对在美国生活五年以上的人员的特赦。
Many border state representatives
fought against the legalization provisions, saying
that millions of people
could
eventually
become
citizens
and
bring
their
relatives
to
this
country. All
those
people
could
bankrupt
the
state's social services, said the
representatives, but the idea of deporting all of
those people seemed impractical as
well
as inhumane to most members of Congress. And
aliens who came to this country before 1982 will
be able to
apply for legalization. The
other major controversial area of the immigration
bill is the farm worker program.
但
许多接壤州的代表们反对这种使移
民合法化的规定，称那样的话数百万的侨民将最终成为美国公民
并将其家属带到美国。所
有这些人会使这个州的社会服务系统瘫痪，代表们说，但驱逐所有这些人的想法
似乎不切
实际并且对国会大多数成员来说是不人道的。在
1982
年以前
来到美国的侨民们将能够申请合法
居留。
该法案中另外主要争议的地方是农场工人问题。
Agricultural
interests
wanted
to
be
able
to
bring
workers
into
this
country
to
harvest
crops
without
being
subjected to employer sanctions, but
the trade unions opposed this section of the bill.
Finally,
a compromise was
reached where up to three hundred and
fifty thousand farm workers could come into this
country, but their rights
would
be
protected
and
they
would
also
be
able
to
apply
for
legalization
if
they
met
certain
conditions.
The
elements of the final immigration
package have been there all along, but this year,
say the key lawmakers around
this
legislation, the Congress was ready to act on
them. The combination of horror stories about
people coming
over the borders and
editorials about congressional inability to act
made members of Congress decide the time had
come to enact immigration reform. But
supporters of reform warn the end is not here yet.
The conference report
must still pass
both houses of Congress, and a Senate filibuster
is always a possibility. I'm Cokie Roberts at the
Capitol.
出于农业上的利益，（农场主们）希望工人
们能够来到美国收割粮食而不受雇佣制裁的处罚，但工会
反对法案的这一部分内容。
最后达成妥协，至多
350,000
的农场
工人可来到美国，他们的权利将会受到保
护，并且他们如果满足一定条件，也可以申请合
法居留。
本次立法的主要立法人称，最终的移民法案的精
神一直
都是存在的，只不过今年国会预备要将其付诸实施。有关移民越过边界的恐怖消息以及有关国会无
能的社论使得国会成员们认为这是他们进行移民改革的时候了。但改革的支持者们警告说，整个事情并未
结束。协商会议的报告必须仍由两院国会通过，而上院对议案通过的阻挠一直都是可能的
。
Cokie
Roberts
首都报导。
第六篇
104
页倒数第
9
行开始
Border state
representatives
的态度
…fought
against……
最后一行
farm worker program.
2.
Border states response to the legalization
provisions.
3. Farm worker program
compromise
15
Lesson 8
Section One: News
in Brief
1. Two years of sensitive
negotiations paid off today as seventy former
Cuban political prisoners arrived in
the United States. All of the prisoners
had served least ten years in Cuban jails, and
some had been in prison since
Fidel
Castro came to power in 1959. The release was
arranged in part by
French underwater
explorer, Jacques
Cousteau, and a
delegation of American Roman Catholic bishops.
两年的敏感谈判在今天得到回报，
7
0
名前古巴政治罪犯回到美国。
所有这些战俘在古巴监狱中至少
呆
了十年，一些人自从
Fidel Castro
在
1959
年掌权以来就已被关押。这次获释的部分
事宜由法国水下探险家
Jacques
Cousteau
以及美国罗马天主教主教代表团安排。
2. President Reagan today unveiled
plans for nine hundred million dollar plan to
reduce drug abuse in the
United States.
It includes half a billion dollars for stepping up
drug enforcement along US borders, especially in
the
southwest. The
plan also
calls
for
mandatory
drug testing
for
some
federal
workers.
NPR's
Brenda
Wilson
reports.
federal
workers
in
sensitive
positions
to
undergo
drug
tests.
The
order
covers
employees
who
have
access
to
classified
information,
presidentially
appointed
officials,
law
enforcement
officials,
and
any
federal
worker
engaged in activities
which affect public health and safety or national
security. But heads of government agencies
may order additional workers to take
the test. Federal employees who are found to have
continued to use illegal
drugs after a
second test will be automatically fired. The
overall rug testing program is expected to cost
fifty-six
million
dollars,
but
administration
officials
could
not get
even
a
ballpark
figure of
how
many
workers
may
be
included
in the mandatory program. I'm Brenda
Wilson.
里根总统今
天公布了耗资
9
亿美元的降低美国毒品滥用的计划。
该计划包括利用
5
亿美元来提高美国边
界毒品强制管理，特别是要加强在西南部的管理。该计划同时提出对联邦雇员进行强制性毒品测试。
NPR
的
Brenda Wilson
报导。
“
作为他对毒品的全国性讨伐，
里根总统今天签署了一项行政命令，要求服务于敏
感部门的联邦雇员们接受毒品测试。<
/p>
该命令执行范围包括那些能获得机密情报的雇员、
由总统指定的官
员、
执法官员，以及任何从事影响公共卫生以及公共安全或国家安全的工作的联邦工人。
但政府代理机构的领
导们可命令额外的工人们进行这项测试。如联邦雇员被发现在第二次
的测试后仍继续使用非法药品将会被
自动解雇。整个毒品测试项目预计花费
5600
万美元，但管理部门甚至不能计算出可能有多少工人要进行
这项强制性检测的大概数字。
Brenda
Wilson
报导。
”
16
Lesson 9
Section One: News in Brief
1. There was an
assassination attempt against Indian Prime
Minister Rajiv Gandhi today. A man fired several
shots at Gandhi and other Indian
leaders participating in an open-air prayer
meeting. Gandhi was not injured. Six
people received minor wounds when the
gunman burst from the brushes where he had
apparently hidden prior to
the ceremony
to avoid security checks. He surrendered when
guards surrounded him. Those in charge of Gandhi's
security have been suspended, and an
investigation is under way.
今天有人企图暗杀印度首相
Rajiv Gandhi
。一名男子朝着
Gandhi
以及其它几位印度
领导人开了数枪，
当时他们正在参加户外祈祷会，甘地并未受伤。持枪者从灌木丛中冲出
来引起
6
人受了轻伤，显然该名男
子在
典礼开始前就躲藏在这里以逃过安全检查，当警卫们围住他的时候他束手就擒。甘地的安全负责人员
（因此）被停职审查。
2. Jess Moore, NASA's top official in
charge of the shuttle program when Challenger
exploded, announced
today he's leaving
his new post as Director of the Johnson Space
Center. Moore will take a leave of absence and
then be reassigned to NASA headquarters
in Washington. NPR's Daniel Zwerdling reports.
of course, is this: Is Jess Moore
leaving his job and taking a year off work because
of the Challenger accident?
Moore came
under quite a bit of pressure before a
congressional committee early this summer when his
former
assistant testified that he told
Moore in detail almost a year ago that there were
serious problems with the shuttle
rocket's
O-rings,
the
same
O-rings
that
eventually
caused
the
Challenger
accident.
That
testimony
flatly
contradicted what
Moore's been saying all along: that he did not
know the O-ring problems were serious until after
the
Challenger
exploded.
Congressional
sources
who've
interviewed
Moore
told
me
that
they
have
no
way
of
knowing
just Who's telling the truth, Moore, or Moore's
former assistant. But one top congressional aide
who met
with
Morre
recently
says
the
NASA
veteran's
been
depressed
since
the
Challenger
blew
up.
He
says,
'Moore
doesn't have the edge
he used to. He's hollow inside, just like a lot of
guys at NASA who worked on the shuttle.'
'Jess Moore,' the aide says, 'is not
the man he was before the accident, and he needs a
rest.' I'm Daniel Zwerdling
in
Washington.
Jess Moore
，（美国）国家航空和宇宙航行局负责航
天飞机项目的高级官员，在挑战者爆炸后于今天宣
布离开约翰逊航天技术中心主任的新职
位。
Moore
将在休假后被分配至
N
ASA
在华盛顿的总部。
NPR
的
Daniel
Zwerdling
报导。
“
当然，很明显：
Moore
的离职与一年的休假是不是因为挑战者事件呢？今年夏天
早些时候，
在一次参议院委员会上
Moore
感到相当
的压力，
当时他的前助手证实自己曾于一年前详细告知
Moor
e
该航天火箭的
O
形圈有严重问题，而
正是这个
O
形圈最终导致了挑战者事件。
（该名助手的）证词
与
Moore
一
直坚称自己直到挑战者爆炸后才知道
O
形圈出了严重问题的声明
相矛盾，
但显得苍白无力。
来
自国会成
员的消息称，他与
Moore
见过面，但无法知道谁在说谎，<
/p>
Moore
或是他的前助手。但一名最近见
过
Moore
的高级国会助理称，
N
ASA
的那些专家们在挑战者爆炸后一直情绪低落。他说，
“M
oore
没有了
以前的锋芒，他与其他参与这次航天火箭项目的
家伙们一样行为低调。
”“Jess Moore”
，该名助理
称，
“
不再
是事件前的那个人了，他需
要休息
”
。
Daniel
Zwerdling
华盛顿报道。
17
Lesson 10
Section One: News in Brief
1.
President
Reagan
said
today
he
will
veto
a
defense
spending
bill
if
it
is
approved,
as
expected,
by
the
House. Speaking to a
private group in Washington today, the President
said he was concerned about provisions in
the
bill
that
would
ban
nuclear
testing
and
cut
funding
for
his
Star
Wars
defense
system.
The
President
also
charged
that
the
Soviet-backed
ban on nuclear
testing
is
backdoor
to
a nuclear
freeze.
And
he
accused
the
Soviets of a major propaganda campaign
on the testing issue.
里根总统今
天宣布，如果国防预算案在国会如期通过的话，他将对其行使总统否决权。总统今天向华
盛顿一私人团体透露，称他很关心该项法案的内容。该法案将禁止核试验并将削减总统的星球大战国防项
目资金。总统同时指责由苏联支持的核试验禁令是
“
冻结核武器的后门
”
。他谴责苏联人是核试验问题的主
要游说力量。
2. Israeli
warplanes bombed suspected Palestinian guerrilla
bases in Southeast Beirut today. Police said the
bomb set at least four targets on fire.
There are reports that two people were wounded in
the attacks.
3.
At
a
news
conference
in
Pretoria
today,
South
African
Foreign
Minister
Pic
Botha
called
international
sanctions
against his country
“
a mad
perverse action
”
that will
put many blacks out of work. But Botha said the
South African government
4. White House spokesman Larry Speakes
said today President Reagan will veto on Friday a
sanctions bill
passed by Congress, but
he admitted it will be tough to sustain the veto.
5. On Wall Street today, the Dow Jones
Industrial Average was up four and a half points,
closing at 1797.81.
Trading was
moderate, one hundred thirty-two million shares.
Section Two: News in Detail
Israeli warplanes today bombed four
suspected Palestinian guerrilla bases in Lebanon.
Reports from Beirut
say at least two
people were wounded and a number of fires started
in the four villages. From Jerusalem, Jerry
Cheslow filed this report which was
subject to censorship by Israeli authorities.
以色列战机今天对黎巴嫩被疑为巴勒斯坦游击队的四个地区进
行了轰炸。来自贝鲁特的报道称至少有
2
人受伤，
4
个村庄着火。来自耶路撒冷的
Jerry
cheslow
对该事件的报道受到以色列当局的审查。
According
to
the
Israeli
army
spokesman,
the
targets
were
bases
belonging
to
two
pro-Syrian
Palestinian
guerrilla
organizations. Israeli military sources say one of
the targets was a staging base for raids against
northern
Israel. Lebanese radio
stations reported that at least two people were
wounded in the attack south of Beirut and
that Beirut International Airport was
closed for half an hour.
据以
色列军方发言人称，被轰炸地区属于两个亲叙利亚巴勒斯坦游击队组织基地。据以色列军方消息
< br>称，被轰炸地区之一是袭击以色列北部的前进基地。黎巴嫩无线电台报道至少有两人在贝鲁特南部的轰炸< /p>
中受伤，贝鲁特国际机场（为此）关闭了半个小时。
Israeli military sources
stress that the air raid had nothing to do with
this week's tensions along Israel's border
with
Lebanon.
They
were
between
the
Shi'ite
Muslim
Hizbullah
(Party
of
God)
Militia
and
the
Israeli-backed
South
Lebanese Army Militia. Over the past two weeks,
large Hizbullah forces stormed dozens of South
Lebanese
Army
positions.
Israeli
military
sources
say
that
at
least
fifteen
South
Lebanese
Army
men
and
some
fifty
members of Hizbullah were killed.
According to the sources the attacks also badly
damaged the
morale of the
South
Lebanese
Army,
and
this
led
Israel
to
deploy
a
large
force
along
its
border
with
Lebanon.
The
force
included
troops,
armor
and
artillery,
and
according
to
knowledgeable
observers
it
was
equipped
for
offensive
action against Hizbullah. Senior
Israeli defense sources say that Hizbullah was
trying to take over all of southern
Lebanon. Hizbullah has also been
attacking Unifil, the UN force in Southern
Lebanon. Over the past six weeks,
four
French
Unifil
troops
were
killed
by
Hizbullah,
and
just
this
morning
a
French
UN
base
was
rocketed
in
18
Southern Lebanon. There were no
casualty, but some of its soldiers were blown off
their seats. And the sources
said that
Hizbullah's domination of Southern Lebanon would
be a direct threat to Israel. Some of its
men who
were killed were
wearing kerchiefs with the words
troops
deployed
along
the
border
three
days
ago,
there have
been no Hizbullah
attacks
on
the South
Lebanese
Army.
By
nightfall
here
in
the
Middle
East,
the
Israeli
troops
had
returned
to
their
bases.
For
National
Public
Radio, I'm Jerry Cheslow in Jerusalem.
19
以色列军方消息强调此次空袭与本周以色列与黎巴嫩边界的紧张形势并无关联，它是什叶
派穆斯林真
主党（
Shi'ite Muslim Hizbu
llah
）民兵与以色列支持的南黎巴嫩军队民兵之间的事。在过去两周里，大量的
真主党兵力摧毁了数十个南黎巴嫩军事阵地，以色列军方消息称至少有
15
名南黎巴嫩军人与大约
50
名真
主党成员死亡。
< br>该消息称这次轰炸大大挫伤了南黎巴嫩军队的士气，（为防黎巴嫩报复）以色列在它与黎巴嫩边界沿
线进行了大规模的布防，军力包括骑兵、装甲兵以及炮兵。据知识渊博的观察家称，该支兵力已
作好对真
主党发动进攻的准备。来自以色列国防高级官员的消息称，真主党企图接管整个
黎巴嫩南部地区。真主党
一直在袭击联合国在黎巴嫩南部的临时部队。在过去六周里，四
名法国联合国临时部队的骑兵被杀死，就
在今天早上一座法国联合国基地在黎巴嫩南部被
摧毁。（虽然）并无伤亡，但一些士兵被从座位上掀倒。
该消息称真主党对黎巴嫩南部的
控制将会成为以色列的直接威胁。被杀死的真主党士兵头上戴着方巾，上
面印着
“
进军耶路撒冷
”
。但
因为以色列在三天前就对其边界沿线进行了兵力部署，所以（到现在）真主党
未曾对南黎
巴嫩军队发起进攻。
黄昏时候以色列军队撤出了中东地区回到他们的基地。
国家公共广播，
Jerry
Cheslow
在耶路撒冷报道。
20
Lesson 11
Section One: News in Brief
1. Texas Air announced today that it
will buy the troubled People Express Airlines for
about a hundred and
twenty-five million
dollars. The proposed deal would allow most People
Express employees to keep their jobs,
although
the
company
will
eventually
lose
its
identity
and
become
part
of
Texas
Air.
Federal
officials
must
approve the merger.
Texas Air is also trying to buy Eastern Airlines.
德克萨斯航空公司今天宣布将以
1.
25
亿美元收购陷入困境的人民航空公司。
尽管人航将会最终失
去其
身份而成为德克萨斯航空的一部分，但该项拟议的交易将会使人民航空的雇员们免遭
失业，联邦官员们必
须批准这项合并。德克萨斯航空同时正在试图收购东方航空。
2. A rally on Wall Street
today after six consecutive losing sessions, the
Dow Jones Industrial Average ended
the
day up nearly nine points, to close at seventeen
sixty-seven point fifty-eight.
3.
What
?
s being called a
“
freedom
flight
”
of seventy former
Cuban political prisoners landed in Miami today
to an ecstatic reception by thousands
of relatives and well-wishers. The plane also
carried forty-one relatives of
former
prisoners. The flight culminated nearly two years
of negotiations with the Castro regime.
Section Two: News in Detail
Texas Air Corporation today announced
that it has agreed to buy People Express Airlines
for
one hundred
twenty-five
million dollars in securities
. Texas
Air already owns Continental Airlines and New York
Air. It is in
the process of acquiring
Eastern Airlines. People Express, one of the first
no-frills, low-fare air carriers, has been
in financial trouble lately. It was
forced to shut down its subsidiary, Frontier
Airlines. Texas Air now says it will
acquire Frontier's assets as part of
its deal with People Express. Joining us now from
New York, NPR's business
reporter
Barbara Mantel.
德克萨斯航空公司今天宣
布同意以
1.25
亿美元的有价证券
收
购人民航空，
该公司已拥有欧洲航空与纽
约航空，并且正在收购
东方航空。作为第一个不提供不必要服务的低票价航空公司之一的人民航空近来已
陷入财
务困境，该公司被迫关闭它的子公司
——
边界航空。德克萨斯航
空称它将得到边界航空的资产，作
为它与人民航空之间的交易的一部分。欢迎收听
NPR
商业记者
Babara
Mantel
从纽约发来的报道
:
Besides that, why does Texas
Air want People Express?
“Ba
bara
，据说这个一个非常吸引人的低价，
1.25
亿美元的有价证券。除此之外，德克萨斯航空为什么
要购买人民航空？<
/p>
”
Frank
Lorenzo,
who
is
Chairman
of Texas
Air, will
1
get
airplanes
from People
Express
,
which
he
might need.
He
will get
the lowest cost work-force in
the industry
at People
Express
. He will
get
a new
terminal at
Newark,
New
Jersey
that
People
Express
is
building.
He'll
get
flights
to
London,
and
he
will
get
control
over
competition
. People Express
competes heavily, especially in the northeast
corridor, with Texas Air.
“
德克萨斯航空的董事长
Frank
Lorenzo
将从人民航空得
到他可能需要的
飞机，
以及
业内最低成本的劳
动力，还还将得到位于新泽西纽瓦克（
Newark
）的一座新
的航空集散站（由人民航空在建）。他将获得飞
往伦敦的航班，并能控制整个竞争市场。
人民航空竞争激烈，特别是在东北走廊与德克萨斯航空之间的竞
争。
”
airlines wanted to get
together. How will Texas Air get around it this
time?
“
竞争问题早在这两家航
空公司计划合并前就一直是美国交通部症结所在。这次德克萨斯航空又会怎
样回避这个问
题呢？
”
they
might
not,
Texas
Air
wanted
to
acquire
East ...,
or
wants
to
acquire,
Eastern
Airline,
and
the
Department
of
Transportation
said,
'
No,
not
unless
you
sell
more
landing
slots,
more
slots
in
the
northeast
21
corridor to
Pan Am so that we'll have some competition
there
.' And Texas Air agreed to that
just last week. That
may happen again
here. The Department of Transportation may require
that Texas Air sell some slots or some
gates to another airline to
ensure that there is still competition
in the northeast part of the marketplace.
But Texas
Air has some
leverage here with the Department of
Transportation
because People Express
is a failing company
.
And
the Department of Transportation may feel,
'
Well, we'll let them buy
People Express and keep it running,
rather than let it fail and lose all
those jobs.
“
噢，他们
也许不会回避这个问题。德克萨斯航空想得到东
……
或者说是想
得到东方航空，交通部说
过，
?
不行，
除非你们出售更多的着陆槽，
出售更多的着陆槽给东北走廊的泛
美航空，这样我们能够在那保
持一定的市场竞争性。
?
德克萨斯航空已于上周同意，
同样的情况在这件事上
（指德克萨斯航空收购人民航
空）也可能发生。交通部也许会要求德克萨斯航空出售
一些着陆槽或登机口给另外一家航空公司
以保证东
北市场的竞争
性
。但由于人民航空是个快倒闭的公司，德克萨斯航空在与交通部谈判时有一定优势。交
通
部可能会这样想，
?
唉，
我们与其让人民航空倒闭，
雇员失业，
还是让他们
来收购人民航空
（好好）
经营吧。
’<
/p>
”
consumers?
If
there's less competition the fares could possibly
go up.
“
< br>嗯。现在如果这项交易获得交通部批准，并且在票价上竞争很小的话，这对消费者来说可能意味着
什么？
”
prices would just have to go
up. But I want you to keep in mind that
unrestricted fares of the kind People Express
offered, you know, wholesale
unrestricted fares, were being eliminated and
phased out anyway, because they were
not profitable.
And the
Department of Transportation theory here is that
if you allow mergers to take place, or
many mergers to take place, you might
create more efficiencies and low costs, leading
possibly to lower fares.
And also the
Department of Transportation believes that
there's a lot of potential competition
in the marketplace.
Airlines
can
move
planes
around
and
buy
gates,
and
so
that
if
an
airline
in
a
particular
market
segment
was
making a lot of money and raising
prices excessively, other airlines would move in
and prices would be brought
down
through competition. So that it's a nice theory,
the theory of potential competition keeping prices
in line, but
it's sort of a new idea
and it's not clear that that's really the way it
would work.
“
噢，是的。你可能会想到本来市场上有两家航空公司竞争，现在只有一家，票价可能会上涨。但
我
希望你记住：人民航空提供的那种无限制的票价，你知道，就是那种趸售的无限制的票
价，总之已经被取
缔并逐步淘汰，因为那种票价并无利润可言。
交通部的理念是，如果你允许公司合并，或者许多公司的合
并，你也许会创造更多的功效
并降低成本，从而可能引导更低的票价。
并且交通部相信，
市场
上的潜在竞
争很大，
航空公司能够调动飞机并购买登机口，这样
如果一家航空公司在一个特定的市场获利颇丰并且票
价昂贵，其它航空公司将会挤进来，
票价就会通过竞争而降低。所以这是个不错的理念，潜在的市场竞争
使票价保持秩序，但
这是个新的想法，是否能够真的奏效还不清楚。
”
“
谢谢。
”NPR
的
B
arbara Mantel
从纽约报道。
第七篇（
4
个问题）
1
．
What benefits
will Texas Air get by purchasing People Express?
Texas Air Corporation today announced
that it has agreed to buy People Express Airlines
for
one hundred
twenty-five
million dollars in securities
.
1)
Airplanes
2)
Get the lowest cost work-force in the
industry at People Express.
3)
Get a new
terminal at Newark.
4)
Get flights to London
5)
Get control
over competition.
department of Transportation?s
attitudes towards the merger
22
landing
slots/gates to other companies to ensure there
will be competition
dept of
Transportation Theory concerning the ticket price.
(
答案在倒数第
13
行开始
)
。
23
Lesson 12
Section One: News
in Brief
1. American reporter Nicholas
Daniloff is in Frankfurt, West Germany, on his way
home from Moscow after
being
detained
for
a
month
on
espionage
charges.
President
Reagan
in
Kansas
City
on
a
campaign
swing
announced Daniloff's
release, denying that any trade had been agreed to
in order to win his freedom. Asked by
reporters if he blinked in staring down
Soviet leader Gorbachev over the Daniloff affair,
the President said they
blinked.
The
agreement
to
release
Daniloff
came
after
a
three-hour
meeting
last
night
in
New
York
between
Secretary of State George Shultz and
Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze. No
details of the agreement
have been
released, and it is not known if Daniloff's
freedom is the first step in a trade involving
accused Soviet
spy
Gennadi
Zakharov.
When
he
arrived
in
Frankfurt,
Daniloff
thanked
President
Reagan,
Secretary
of
State
Shultz,
and other US officials for
in Frankfurt
tonight.
美国记者
Nicholas
Dani
loff
被指控为间谍，在被拘留一个月后获释，现正在西德法兰克福
< br>——
从莫斯
科飞往美国的路上。里根总统在堪萨斯城的竞
选活动中宣布了
Daniloff
的获释，并否认为争取
Daniloff
的
自由进行了任何交易。当
记者问及其在
Daniloff
事件中与苏联领导人戈尔巴乔夫
双方有没有直接对视时，
总统说他们有直接对视。
美国国务卿<
/p>
Shultz
与苏联外长
Eduard
Shevardnadze
昨晚于纽约进行了三小时的会
议后终
于达成释放
Daniloff
的协议。关于此次会议的具体情节
无从得知，甚至
Daniloff
的自由是否与被指
控为间谍的
Gennadi Zakharov
之
间的交易有关还不清楚。当他到达法兰克福后，
Daniloff
感谢了里根总统、
国务卿
Shultz
以及其它美国官员
“
选择了所有的
?
i?
，划上了所有的
?t?
才使他能够
在今晚到达法兰克福。
2.
The
House
of
Representatives
is
expected
to
vote
soon
to
override
President
Reagan's
veto
of
a
bill
imposing economic
sanctions against South Africa. NPR's Cokie
Roberts reports that the President has promised
to
expand
economic
sanctions
on
his
own
in
hopes
of
getting
Congress
to
sustain
his
veto.
houses
of
Congress passed the
economic sanctions against South Africa by wide
enough margins to override a presidential
veto.
And
it's
expected
the
House
will
easily
garner
the
two-
thirds
vote
necessary
for
override.
So
it
?
s
in
the
Senate
the
President
is
concentrating
his
efforts.
Today
President
Reagan
sent
a
long
letter
to
majority
leader
Robert Dole, restating his opposition
to 'punitive sanctions that harm the victims of
apartheid.' The letter went on
to
outline an executive order the President plans to
sign which would impose some but not all of the
sanctions
passed by Congress. For
example, there
?
d be a ban on
some new investments in South Africa, but not all
and a
ban
on
some
imports
from
South
Africa,
but
not
as
many
as
called
for
by
Congress.
The
President
hopes
the
executive order will win
over the fourteen additional senators he needs to
sustain his veto. The Chairman of the
House
Foreign
Affairs
Committee
said
today
that
Congress
would
simply
come
back
next
year
with
tougher
sanctions if the
veto is sustained. I'm Cokie Roberts at the
Capitol.
”
Section
Two: News in Detail
??
漏
P167
24
Lesson 13
考过了
Section One: News in Brief
1.
A
special
committee
of
twelve
senators
today
began
the
impeachment
trial
of
Federal
Judge
Harry
Claiborne. It's the
first such proceeding in fifteen years. Claiborne
is serving a jail sentence for tax evasion.
一个由十二位参议员组成的特殊委员会今天开始启动对联邦法
官
Harry Claiborne
的弹劾。
< br>这是五十年
来第一次发生这样的诉讼。
Claiborn
e
因为被判逃税而收押在监。
2 President Reagan today continued his
campaign for a drug-free America. He ordered
mandatory testing for
federal workers
in sensitive positions. And he also sent Congress
a legislative package that would increase federal
anti-drug spending by nine hundred
million dollars, much of that on increased border
patrols. The President said
the
legislation is the federal government's way of
just saying no to drugs.
business. To
those who are thinking of using drugs, we say
'Stop.' And to those who are pushing drugs, we say
'Beware.'
It's been condemned
by some employee groups.
里根
总统今天继续他的全国性禁毒行动。他要求对所有处于敏感部门的联邦政府的职工进行强制性毒
< br>品检查。他还送给国会一份关于国家反毒品增加
9
亿美元
预算的法案，其中很大部分是用于边境巡逻。总
统说立法是联邦政府坚决反对毒品的有效
方法。
“
我们要严厉打击毒品，我们不是随便说说的。对于那些
在想着使用毒品的人，我们说：
?
停止
！
?
对于那些做毒品买卖的人，我们说：
?
当心！
?”
对于部分联邦工作
人员的强制药检是总统计划中最受争议的部分。它受到部分职员团体的谴责。
3. One person was killed and more
than fifty
injured today
in
Paris when a bomb exploded at the
driver
?
permit
office at police headquarters. It was the fourth
blast in seven days in the French capital.
Section Two: News in Detail
In
Paris
today,
one
person
was
killed
and
more
than
fifty
were
injured
when
a
bomb
exploded
at
police
headquarters. This is
the fourth attack on a crowded public target in a
week. A police officer was killed yesterday
while
removing
a
bomb
from
a
restaurant
on
the
Avenue
Champs
Elysee.
Minutes
after
that
incident,
Prime
Minister Jacques Chirac announced new
security measures aimed at curbing terrorist
activities in France. Melodie
Walker
reports from Paris.
今天在巴黎，一
枚炸弹在警察总部爆炸，造成一人死亡，至少五十人受伤。这已经是一周内的第四次
公众
目标受到袭击。一位警方人员昨天在
Champs
Elyse
e
的一家餐馆内拆除炸弹时不幸身亡。几分钟后，
首相
Jacques Chirac
宣布针对恐怖活动的新的安全条例。
Melodie
Walker
在巴巴黎报道。
A group calling itself
responsibility for the current series
of bombings in Paris, in addition to ten other
attacks in the French capital over
the
past
year.
The
Committee
has
delivered
messages
to
news
agencies
in
Beirut
threatening
to
continue
its
bombing campaign in Paris until the
French government agrees to release three men
jailed in France on charges of
terrorism. One of the convicted
prisoners, George Ibraham Abdullah, is believed to
be the leader of the Lebanese
Army
Faction suspected of killing a US Military Attache
in Paris in 1982. The French government has
officially
declared it will not release
the prisoners. In response to the repeated attacks
in Paris, Prime Minister Chirac last
night
announced
new
anti-terrorist
measures:
military
patrols
along
the
French
borders
will
be
increased
and,
beginning
today,
all
foreigners
will
require
a
visa
to
enter
France.
Citizens
of
European
Common
Market
countries and
Switzerland will be exempt from the visa
requirement. But Americans planning to visit
France will
need to apply for visas at
the nearest French consulate. For an initial
period of fifteen days, however, emergency
visas will be granted at French
airports and other border checkpoints.
一个自称为
“
阿拉伯及中东关押人员团结组织
< br>”
的组织声称对最近在巴黎发生的爆炸事件，以及过去一
年里另十次对法国首都发动的袭击事件负责。该组织在贝鲁特的新机构表示，将继续进行新的袭击，除非
法国政府同意释放三位关押在法国的恐怖分子。一位已被证明有罪的犯罪分子，
< br>George Ibraham Abdullah
，
25
被认为是在
1982
年有杀害驻巴黎的美国大使的黎巴嫩解放组织的头目。法国政府声称决不会释放这些罪
犯。为了回应这些在巴黎发生的袭击，希拉克首相昨天宣布了新的反恐条例：加强法国边境的军事巡逻
；
今天开始，所有的外国人进入法国时需要申请签证。欧洲共同体国家居民和瑞士人可免
除签证要求。但美
国人访问法国时必须在就近的法国领事馆办理签证。在最初的十五天，
可在法国机场和其他边境检查处办
理紧急签证。
France
has
been
plagued
with
terrorism
at
home
and
abroad
in
recent
years.
In
the
past
two
weeks,
three
French
members
of
the United
Nations
peace
keeping
force
in
Lebanon
have
been killed
by
remote-controlled
bombs. Today, France called for an
emergency meeting of the UN Security Council to
discuss the role and safety
of the
force. Seven French hostages in Beirut are also a
major concern for the Chirac government. Dominique
Moazi,
Associate
Director
of
the
French
Institute
for
International
Relations,
says
the
bombings
in
Paris,
the
attacks on the UN troops, and the
hostage situation are all indirectly related.
法国近年来在国内外深受恐怖主义的折磨。在过去两周内，三
名联合国维和部队的法国人在黎巴嫩被
遥控炸弹炸死。今天，法国召集了一场联合国安全
理事会的紧急会议，来讨论维和部队的角色和安全。七
名被关押在
Beirut
的法国人质也是希拉克政府所关心的问题。法国国际关系学院副院长
Dominique
Moazi
说，在巴
黎的爆炸，在联合国部队的袭击，以及人质的关押这些事件之间都有着间接的联系。
think
there
is
a
global
goal,
which
is
looked
after,
and
that
is
to
punish
France
for
its
involvement
in
Middle-Eastern affairs, either Lebanon
or the war between Iran and Iraq. And France is,
at the same time, more
visible than any
other European actors, in Lebanon and in the
Gulf.
“
我想这是一个全球性的
目标，大概是为了惩罚法国的插手中东事件，不管是黎巴嫩，还是两伊战争。
同时，法国
比起其他欧洲参与者来说又是更容易见到的，在黎巴嫩和海湾战争中。
”
According to Moazi, the
long French tradition of granting political asylum
has made France more open and
accessible to terrorist activities.
根据
Moazi
所说，法国提供政治避难的长期传统使得法国门户大开并且更易吸引恐怖主义分子。
in our treatment
of terrorist action than, for example, the
Israelis. So that combination of visibility,
vulnerability,
and lack of resolution
has made us the ideal target for terrorists
now.
“
在过去我们很不幸给别人
这样一个印象，可能这确实是现实，我们对待恐怖主义不像别人那么坚决，
如以色列人。
所以综上所述，可见性、柔弱性以及不够坚决，使得我们现在成为了恐怖主义者眼中的理想
目标。
”
In a
statement released today, President Francois
Mitterand said,
of the entire
nation.
remains unanswered. For National
Public Radio, this is Melodie Walker in Paris.
在今天发表的一份声明中，
Francois Mittera
nd
总统说
,“
反对恐怖主义的战争是
整个国家的头等大事。
”
但尽管政府决定对恐怖主义发动战争，
但怎么采取具体行动还是个问题。
这是来自
NPR
的
Melodie
Walker
在巴黎的报道。
第八篇
(Lesson 13)
1
．
Name of the group
Their message/demand
答案，
184
页倒数第一段
the
Committee for ….
到
Prisoners
，
倒数第
4
行
The Committee has…on
charges
of terrorism.
2
．
New
anti-terrorist measures announced by Chirace
答案：
185
页正数第
6
行开始
military patrols ……from
the visa requirement.
3
．
Reason why France become the ideal
target for terrorist,according to Moazi.
答案：倒数第
4
行
Franc
more open and accessible to terrorist
activities.
倒数第一行
Less
resolute in our
treatment of terrorist
action than,that combination of
visibility,vulnerability,and lack of resolution
has made
us the ideal target of
terrorists now.
26
Lesson 14
Section One: News
in Brief
1. State Department spokesman
Bernard Kalb resigned today because of the Reagan
Administration's alleged
disinformation
campaign against Libya. The Washington Post
reported last week that the administration planted
false information about Libya in an
effort to destabilize the government of Muammar
Quddafi. Kalb today did not
confirm or
deny that such a campaign took place, but he said
reports about it had damaged the credibility of
the
US. The State Department would not
comment on Kalb's resignation.
国务院发言人
Bernard
Kalb
今天因为里根政府被控告对利比亚进行假情报战役而提出辞职。
华盛顿邮报
上周报道政府散布关于利比亚的假信息以扰乱
Muammar Quddafi
在利比亚的统治。
Kalb
今天没有肯定也没
有否认假情报战役的发生，但他说报道会损害
到美国的信誉度。国务院部没有对
Kalb
的辞职发表评论。<
/p>
2.
The
State
Department
today
criticized
the
Nicaraguan
government
for
allegedly
refusing
to
grant
US
officials
access
to
Hasenfus.
He
?s
the
survivor
of
Sunday?s
plane
crash
inside
Nicaragua.
State
Department
spokesman Charles
Redmond. “
Our representative was not
received by the Nicaraguan government. And we view
this
with
the
utmost
seriousness.
The
rendering
of
consular
services
is
an
essential
part
of
the
function
of
an
embassy. The Sandinista government has
once again taken action to make that function
difficult and has raised the
question
of whether, indeed, a US embassy can function
normally within Nicaragua. We frankly cannot
accept the
delay in granting consular
access since the Sandinista government has
apparently gone to some lengths to parade
Mr. Hasenfus before the press, and
considering the fact that a government spokesman
stated clearly last night on
American
television that access would be
granted.
plane allegedly carrying arms
to Contra rebels was operating under official US
orders. He also acknowledged that
the
government has been aware that private American
groups and citizens have been helping the anti-
government
forces in Nicaragua.
Section Two: News in Detail
Last
week
the
Washington
Post
reported
that
top-level
officials
had
approved
a
plan
to
generate
real
and
illusionary events to make Libya's
Colonel Muammar Quddafi think the United States
might once again attack.
Bernard Kalb's
resignation is the first in protest of that
policy. A similar resignation occurred at the
White House
in
1983
when
a
deputy
quit
to
protest
misleading
statements
given
to
the
press
shortly
before
the
American
invasion of
Grenada. NPR's Bill Busenberg has more on today's
announcement.
上周华盛顿邮报报道最高政府
曾批准一项计划，即采用真真假假的事件让利比亚的
Colonel Muammar
Quaddafi
相信美国可能会对其再次发动袭击。
Bernard Kalb
的辞职是对此政策的抗议。
< br>白宫在
1983
年曾发
生过相似
的辞职事件，当时在美国入侵
Grenada
前政府曾误导新闻
界，一位副手因反对这种误导声明而辞
职。
NPR
的
Bill
Busenberg
今天作出详细报道。
Bernard Kalb had been a
veteran diplomatic correspondent for CBS and NBC
before being picked two years
ago by
Secretary of State George Shultz to be the
Department's chief spokesman, officially an
Assistant Secretary
for
Public
Affairs.
His
brother,
Marvin
Kalb,
is
still
with
NBC.
Today,
Bernard
Kalb
surprised
his
former
colleagues
in
the
news
media
by
quitting
over
the
issue
of
the
administration's
disinformation
program.
Kalb
would not confirm that
there was such a program, but he said he faced a
choice of remaining silent or registering
his dissent. And even though the issue
appeared to be fading from the news, Kalb grappled
with it privately and
decided he had to
act.
Bernard Kalb
曾是一位
CBS
和
NBC
的资深通讯记者，两年前被国务卿
George Shultz
任命为国务院首
席发言人、公共事务部长助理。他的哥哥，
Marvin Kalb
还在
NBC
< br>。今天，
Bernard Kalb
在新闻界的前同事<
/p>
对于他因为假情报战役的事情而辞职表示惊讶。他没有肯定有这样一个计划，但他说自己面
临着保持沉默
还是保留不同意见的选择。虽然这件事已渐渐从新闻界淡出，但
Kalb
在经过私下斗争之后决定作出行动。
27
of stepping down.
“
争论最终会消失，但当你独自静坐时，它并没有走开。所以，
我决定辞职。
”
The
State Department has reportedly been involved in
the disinformation issue, but Kalb said his
guidelines
have always been not to lie
or mislead the press, and he has not done so. Kalb
went out of his way today to praise
Secretary Shultz, a man, he said, of
such overwhelming integrity that he allows other
people to have their own
integrity.
国务院据称被卷入假情报事件，但
K
alb
说他的指导方针从来不是说谎或误导媒体，他也从没有这么
做。
Kalb
在今天特意赞扬了
Sh
ultz
国务卿，一个真正的男人，他说，他有着绝对的正直品质并允许其他人
保持自己的正直。
taking
this
action,
I
want
to
emphasize
that
I
am
not
dissenting
from
Secretary
Shultz,
a
man
of
credibility, rather I am dissenting
from the reported disinformation
program.
“
在这次行动中，
我想强调的是，我并不是不同意
Shultz
国务卿，一个正直
的男人，我是不同意被报
道的假情报战役。
”
Kalb's comments suggested
Shultz perhaps did not go along with the
disinformation program, but in public,
the Secretary of State has defended the
administration's policies against Libya, saying in
New York last week:
don't
have
any
problems
with
the
little
psychological
warfare
against
Quddafi.
He
also
quoted
Winstion
Churchill as saying,
asked
about the disinformation effort last Sunday on
ABC.
Kalb
评论说，
他猜测
Shultz
并不赞同假情报计划，但
在公开场合，
国务聊却必须保护政府对反对利比
亚的政策，上周
在纽约说道：
“
我对于反对利比亚的一些心理战争没有任何意见
。
”
他还引用了
Winstion <
/p>
Churchill
的话说：
“
在战争时期真理是如此可贵，
它需要由谎言来保护。
”Shultz
在上周日被
ABC
询问关于
假情报的情形。
media for some effect. And
if somebody did that, he was doing it against
policy. Now having said that, one of the
results of our action against Libya,
from all the intelligence we've received, was
quite a period of disorientation on
the
part of Quddafi. So, to the extent we can keep
Quddafi off balance by one means or another,
including the
possibility that we might
make another attack, I think that's
good.
“
我不说谎。我从不参与
任何有关向媒体说谎类似努力的会议。如果有人这么做，他就是在反对这个
政策。现在必
须说，我们反对利比亚的一种结果，以我们所有的聪明才智，只是一个迷惑
Quddaf
i
的时期。
所以，我们能够使
Qudd
afi
政局不稳的这种或那种手段，包括也许发动另一场袭击的可能性，我认为那是
一个好办法。
”
In a sometimes emotional session with
reporters today, Bernard Kalb said that neither he
personally nor the
nation as a whole
can stand any policy of disinformation.
在今天的另一场报告会议上，
Bernard
Kalb
说不论是他个人还是整个国家，都不可能赞同任何一种假
情报政策。
the word of America, is the
pulse beat of our democracy. Anything that hurts
America's credibility hurts America.
And then on a much, much, much lower
level, there's question of my own credibility,
both as a spokesman and a
journalist,
a
spokesman
for
a
couple
of
years,
a
journalist
for
more
years
than
I
want
to
remember.
In
fact,
I
sometimes
privately thought of myself as a journalist
masquerading
as a spokesman.
In any case, I do not want
my own
credibility to be caught up, to be subsumed in
this controversy.
“
我关心任何计划对于美
国诚信度的影响。诚信，诚信这个词在美国，是民主的基石。任何伤害美国
诚信的事情都
会伤害到美国。并且在最低限度，会伤害到我个人的诚信，不管是作为发言人还是一位通讯
记者，一位做了几年的发言人，一位做了更长时间的通讯记者。实际上，我个人认为自己更象一位通讯记
者假扮的发言人。无论如何，我不希望自己的诚信受到影响，被卷入这样的辩论。
”
28