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翻译 刘炳善译文赏析

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2021-03-03 16:00
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2021年3月3日发(作者:窄带钢)


第十一课




刘炳善译文赏析



A Bachelor's Complaint of the Behaviour of Married People


By Charles Lamb


As


a


single


man,


I


have


spent


a


good


deal


of


my


time


in


noting


down


the


infirmities


of


Married People, to console myself for those superior pleasures, which they tell me I have lost by


remaining as I am.


I cannot say that the quarrels of men and their wives ever made any great impression upon


me, or had much tendency to strengthen me in those anti-social resolutions, which I took up long


ago


upon


more


substantial


considerations.


What


oftenest


offends


me


at


the


houses


of


married


persons where I visit, is an error of quite a different description;--it is that they are too loving.


Not too loving neither: that does not explain my meaning. Besides, why should that offend


me? The very act of separating themselves from the rest of the world, to have the fuller enjoyment


of each other's society, implies that they prefer one another to all the world.


But what I complain of is, that they carry this preference so undisguisedly, they perk it up in


the faces of us single people so shamelessly, you cannot be in their company a moment without


being


made


to


feel,


by


some


indirect


hint


or


open


avowal,


that


you


are


not


the


object


of


this


preference. Now there are some things which give no offence, while implied or taken for granted


merely;


but


expressed,


there


is


much


offence


in


them.


If


a


man


were


to


accost


the


first


homely- featured or plain-dressed young woman of his acquaintance, and tell her bluntly, that she


was not handsome or rich enough for him, and he could not marry her, he would deserve to be


kicked for his ill manners; yet no less is implied in the fact, that having access and opportunity of


putting the question to her, he has never yet thought fit to do it. The young woman understands


this as clearly as if it were put into words; but no reasonable young woman would think of making


this the ground of a quarrel. Just as little right have a married couple to tell me by speeches, and


looks that are scarce less plain than speeches, that I am not the happy man,--the lady's choice. It is


enough that I know I am not: I do not want this perpetual reminding.


The display of superior knowledge or riches may be made sufficiently mortifying; but these


admit of a palliative. The knowledge which is brought out to insult me, may accidentally improve


me; and in the rich man's houses and pictures,--his parks and gardens, I have a temporary usufruct


at least. But the display of married happiness has none of these palliatives: it is throughout pure,


unrecompensed, unqualified insult.


Marriage by its best title is a monopoly, and not of the least invidious sort. It is the cunning of


most possessors of any exclusive privilege to keep their advantage as much out of sight as possible,


that


their


less


favoured


neighbours,


seeing


little


of


the


benefit,


may


the


less


be


disposed


to


question the right. But these married monopolists thrust the most obnoxious part of their patent


into our faces.


Nothing is to me more distasteful than that entire complacency and satisfaction which beam


in the countenances of a new- married couple, in that of the lady particularly: it tells you, that her


lot


is


disposed


of


in


this


world:


that


you


can


have


no hopes


of


her.


It


is


true,


I


have


none;


nor


wishes either, perhaps: but this is one of those truths which ought, as I said before, to be taken for


granted, not expressed.



The


excessive


airs


which


those


people


give


themselves,


founded


on


the


ignorance


of


us


unmarried


people,


would


be


more


offensive


if


they


were


less


irrational.


We


will


allow


them


to


understand


the


mysteries


belonging


to


their


own


craft


better


than


we


who


have


not


had


the


happiness to be made free of the company: but their arrogance is not content within these limits. If


a single person presume to offer his opinion in their presence, though upon the most indifferent


subject, he is immediately silenced as an incompetent person. Nay, a young married lady of my


acquaintance, who, the best of the jest was, had not changed her condition above a fortnight before,


in a question on which I had the misfortune to differ from her, respecting the properest mode of


breeding oysters for the London market, had the assurance to ask with a sneer, how such an old


Bachelor as I could pretend to know any thing about such matters.


But


what


I


have


spoken


of


hitherto


is


nothing


to


the


airs


which


these


creatures


give


themselves when they come, as they generally do, to have children. When I consider how little of


a rarity children are, --that every street and blind alley swarms with them, --that the poorest people


commonly have them in most abundance,-- that there are few marriages that are not blest with at


least one of these bargains,-- how often they turn out ill, and defeat the fond hopes of their parents,


taking to vicious courses, which end in poverty, disgrace, the gallows, &c.--I cannot for my life


tell


what


cause


for


pride


there


can


possibly


be


in


having


them.


If


they


were


young


phoenixes,


indeed, that were born but one in a year, there might be a pretext. But when they are so common




I


do


not


advert


to


the


insolent


merit


which


they


assume


with


their


husbands


on


these


occasions. Let them look to that. But why we, who are not their natural-born subjects, should be


expected to bring our spices, myrrh, and incense,--our tribute and homage of admiration,--I do not


see.



一个单身汉对已婚男女言行无状之哀诉(片段)



查尔斯·兰姆






刘炳善







我,


身为光棍汉,


曾经花了不少功夫记录下 那些已婚男女的毛病,


为的是看一看她们所


说的我由于坚持独身 而失去的至高无上的快乐到底是怎么一回事——这,


对我来说,


也是一


种安慰。



我的意思并不是说,


夫妻反目、


吵吵闹闹给我留下了多么深刻的印象,


加强了我孑然一


身,


独来独往的决心;


因为这种态度乃是我在很久以前出于实质性的考虑早就采取了的。



结了婚的人家去串门儿,


常惹我生气的倒是另一种相反的过错——就是说 ,


他们夫妻之间感


情太好。



要说我是为了他们感情太好而生气嘛——这还不能把我的意思说清楚。


况 且,


人家两口


感情好,


招惹我什么啦? 他们既然自愿离开人群,


充分享受伉俪之乐,


就表明人家把两个 人


卿卿我我泡在一起看得比全世界都更重要。



我抱怨的是:


他们总把这种燕婉私情不加掩饰地摆到表面儿上来,


不害臊地在我们单身


汉面前炫耀卖弄;


你一来到他们 中间,


马上就会从他们的间接暗示或者公开声明当中得到启


发:


他们之间的感情,


你是没有份儿的。


本 来嘛,


有些事不必明说,


谁也不会见怪;


挑明了,


倒惹人讨厌。


假如一个人碰见他认识的一位容貌不美 ,


衣着朴素的姑娘,


马上向人家贸贸然


声明:因为她既不漂亮,钱也不多,所以没法儿娶她;那么,为了这个人的无礼,该拿脚踢


他。不过,既有机会见面,又能提出婚姻之事,却从不觉得有必要一试,这本身也就把意思

暗示出来了。不说出来,人家照样明白,明理的姑娘也绝不会为此大闹一场。同样,一对夫

< br>妇也没有权利用语言以及跟语言差不多一样清楚的表示向我通知;我不是那位太太的意中

< br>人,不是她所选择的配偶。我知道我不是,这就完了;用不着别人对我没完没了的提醒。

< br>


夸耀自己在知识上、


财产上的优势,

< br>已经够叫人生气——不过,


这些总还带有一定的缓


和条件 。向我卖弄的知识,也许能使我增广见闻;阔人家的宅院、图画、园囿、花圃,我至


少还 能享受一点儿暂时使用权。


但是,


人家向我夸耀结婚的幸福,< /p>


对我可就一点儿好处也没


有了——它从头到底纯粹是无报偿、无条 件的侮辱。



婚姻,


究极说来,乃是一 种垄断,而且还是一种容易招人妒忌的垄断。


凡是独占了什么


特 权的人,


多半都很滑头,


他们尽量不让那些没有他们幸运的邻居 们看见他们捞到手的好处,


这样也就不至引起人们对于他们的权利发生怀疑。

< p>
然而,


这些垄断了结婚权利的人,


却把他


们那特权之中最最惹人反感之处偏偏摆到咱们眼前来。



最叫我感到不是滋味儿的,


莫过于一对新婚夫妇脸上所流露出的那种十分得意、


完全满


足的神气——女方的脸上尤其明显。

它向你表示说:


她的终身已定,


你不要再抱什么希望了。< /p>


诚然,我不该再抱什么希望,就连幻想也不该有。但是,这种事情,像刚才说的,只要彼此


心照就行了,根本不必表示出来。



有 的看法虽说事出有因,


仍然叫人不能不生气:


譬如说,


那些结了婚的人认定我们这些


未婚者啥也不懂,


因此就对我们把架子摆得十足。


我们承认:


光棍汉不能不和三朋 四友往来,


没法像结婚成家的人那样安心精研专业之奥秘——然而,

他们的傲慢自大并非到此即止。



个单身汉在他们面前,< /p>


哪怕对于一个很小的题目敢于略抒己见,


马上就会被他们笑为根本 没


有资格,不如免开尊口。最可笑的,我认识一位年轻女士,刚结婚不到半个月,只因在 关于


如何用最恰当的方法为伦敦市场养殖牡蛎这个问题上,


我不 幸与她意见相左,


她竟然狂笑一


声,向我问道:像我这么一个老 光棍儿,怎有资格在诸如此类的问题上冒充内行?



刚才说的还 不算什么,等这些人一有了孩子(他们总是要有孩子的)


,他们摆出的那副


神气就更不得了啦。


我想了想:


小孩子又算什么稀罕 物儿?——每一条街上,


每一道死胡同


里,

到处都有小孩子,


——而且,


人愈是穷,

< br>孩子也就愈多,


——人只要结了婚,


一般来说,


总要托上天之福,


至少生出来这么一个不值钱的小玩意儿,


——这些小孩子长大了,


往往不


成器,走上邪道,一 生遭穷、受辱,甚至说不定上绞架,使得父母的一片痴心化为泡影;—


—所以,打死我, 我也说不出,人生下小孩子,有什么可骄傲的?如果小孩子是小凤凰,一


年只生一只,那 倒还有可说。可他们有是这么平平常常——



在这种时候,


他们在丈夫面前那种居功自傲的样儿,


我就不说了。


她们爱怎么着就怎么


着吧。可是,咱们又不是她们天生的



臣民,干嘛就应该向她们献出香料、没药、瓣香,向


她们顶 礼膜拜,以表钦羡之意,——我不明白。




Grace Before Meat


By Charles Lamb


The custom of saying grace at meals had, probably, its origin in the early times of the world,


and the hunter-state of man, when dinners were precarious things, and a full meal was something


more


than


a


common


blessing;


when


a


belly-full


was


a


windfall,


and


looked


like


a


special


providence. In the shouts and triumphal songs with which, after a season of sharp abstinence, a


lucky booty of deer's or goat's flesh would naturally be ushered home, existed, perhaps, the germ


of the modern grace. It is not otherwise easy to be understood, why the blessing of food--the act of


eating--should have had a particular expression of thanksgiving annexed to it, distinct from that


implied and silent gratitude with which we are expected to enter upon the enjoyment of the many


other various gifts and good things of existence.


I own that I am disposed to say grace upon twenty other occasions in the course of the day


besides my dinner. I want a form for setting out upon a pleasant walk, for a moonlight ramble, for

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