翻译理论与实践(27)

作业讲评：

The best way to overcome the fear of death

—

so at least it seems to me

—

is to make your interests gradually wider

and

more

impersonal,

until

bit

by

bit

the

walls

of

the

ego

recedes,

and

your

life

becomes

increasingly

merged

in

the

universal life

. An individual human existence should be like a river

—

small at first, narrowly contained within its banks

and rushing passionately past boulders and

over waterfalls

. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters

flow more quietly, and in the end,

without any visible break

, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their

individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the

things he cares for will continue.

克服怕死念头的最好办法，至少在我看来，就是逐步扩 大你的兴趣，并使其更加脱离个人所关心的事情，

直到禁锢自我的

壁垒

逐渐步步隐退，你的生命越来越同

大千世界的生命

融合在一起。个人的存在应当像一条河

—

起初 狭小，局限在河岸之间，然后激越地流过巨砾，

冲下悬崖

。河逐 渐越流越宽广，河岸越来越后退，水流也越

来越平静，最后和大海融为一体，

，毫无痛苦地失去了自我的存在。如果一个老年人能以这样 的

态度来看待生命，他就不会怕死，因为他所关心的一切将会继续下去。

open-ended

,

adjective

An

open-ended

activity

or

situation

does

not

have

a

planned

ending,

so

it

may

develop in several ways:

We are not willing to enter into open- ended discussions.

all- inclusive

,

adjective

including everything:

a seven-day all-inclusive package trip

an all-inclusive resort

agent

(REPRESENTATIVE)

noun

[C]

1

a person who acts for or represents another:

Please contact our agent in Spain for further information.

2

a person who represents an actor, artist or writer

3

someone who works secretly for the government or other organization:

a secret/foreign agent

agent

(CAUSE),

noun

[C]

媒介，施事

a person or thing that produces a particular effect or change:

a powerful cleaning agent

a raising agent for cakes

a clotting agent

LITERARY He was the agent

of

their

destruction

.

double agent noun [C]

a

person

employed

by

a

government

to

discover

secret

information

about

enemy

countries,

but

who is really working for one of these enemy countries

estate agent

UK

noun

[C]

(

US

real estate agent

or

realtor

)

someone who works for an estate agency

free agent

noun

[C]

someone whose actions are not limited or controlled by anyone else

literary agent

noun

[C]

someone who deals with a writer's business matters

secret agent

noun

[C]

a government employee whose job involves obtaining secret information about the

governments of unfriendly foreign countries

agency

,

noun

[C]

1

a business which represents one group of people when dealing with another group:

机构，办事处

an advertising/employment/estate/travel agency

2

a government organization:

an overseas- aid agency

the Central Intelligence Agency

翻译知识与对策：增词法

Addition means supplying necessary words in translation, making the version grammatically

correct,

semantically

clear,

rhetorically

sound,

logically

acceptable,

and

culturally

appropriate.

Words thus addied must be indispensable syntactically, semantically, stylistically and contextually.

A

necessary

and

indispensable

word

in

English

may

be

useless,

superfluous,

and

even

a

stumbling

block

in

Chinese.

The

English

article

illustrates

this

paradox.

How

important

it

is

in

English, but Chinese has no such part of speech. So many important words in English may well be

omitted

in

Chinese,

while

other

words

omitted

or

understood

in

English

may

be

supplied

or

repeated.

In translation, as in composition, aim at conciseness. Make your version not just accessible to

the reader, but easily understood; not only expressive, but also impressive. English from its very

nature

is

generally

not

so

brief

as

Chinese.

The

Chinese

version

ought

to

be

shorter

than

the

English

version,

otherwise

there

must

be

something

wrong

with

the

translation,

or

something

implied

in

the

original

text

needs

to

be

amplified

in

the

Chinese

version.

Keep

in

mind

Shakspeare

’

s maxim: Brevity is the soul of wit.

Structural addition

1

．

Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is low.

2

．

You can not build a ship, a house, or a machine tool if you do not know how to make or read a

design.

Semantic addition

complacency

jealousy

alienation

异化现象

arrogance

tension

madness

lighttheartedness

complexity

preparation

foolhardiness

蛮干作风

loftiness

necessity

At the same time, inequality has become worse.

同时，不平等

现象

变得 更严重了。

He manifested a strong dislike for his father

’

s business.

他对父亲的生意表示了强烈的厌恶

情

绪

。

一

、

Addition of supplementary verbs

Footsteps announced his return.

听见

脚步声，知道他回来了。

This was a record increase.

这是一次

破

纪录的增长。