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英语 笔记18

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2021-03-03 13:15
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2021年3月3日发(作者:取得)


自考英语(一)课堂笔记(


unit18







Text A


Why Are Maps Drawn with North at the Top






本课主要单词





e n.


特征,特色;面貌,相貌




vi.




的特色,以



为特色






vi.



要作用;作为主要角色





1



The most important feature of our work is parental involvem ent.


(我们工作的最重要特


色是父母参与。)





2



The island's chief feature is its beauty.


(这个岛的主要特色是风景秀丽。)





3



He is very familiar with the geographical features of this district.


(他对这一地区的地理


特征很熟悉。)





4



The boy was slightly taller than his father




with fine features.



那个男孩比他父亲稍高,


长得眉清目秀。)





5



Round-the-clock service features this store.


(日夜服务是这家商店的特色。)





6



The new type of car features high speed




small size and low cost.


(这种新 型汽车以高


速、小型和低费用为特色。)





7



Sea food features largely in the diet of these people.

< p>
(海产在这些人的食物中占重要地


位。)





8



He is featuring in a new movie.


(他正在一部新片中担任主角。)





adj.


粗糙的;粗暴的;大致的





roughly adv.


粗糙地;大体上,大约





1



They journeyed for days over rough roads.


(他们在崎岖的道路上旅行了数日。)





2



His rough manners annoyed everybody.


(他粗鲁无礼的态度恼了每一个人。)





3



They lived a rough life in the mountain village.


(他们在山村里过着简陋的生活。)





4



They had a rough crossing of the English Channel.


( 他们在狂风大浪中越过英吉利海


峡。)





5



We should help them out of the rough situation.


(我们应该帮助他们走出困境。)





6



The young man closed the door roughly.


(那个年轻人粗暴地把门关上了。)





7



Roughly speaking




this year's profit increased by 15 percent.


( 粗略地说,今年的利润


增加了


15%.






n.


草图;梗概;素描








v.


绘(



的)略图;简述





1



He drew a rough sketch showing the position of the entrance.



他粗略地画了张草图,



明入口处的位置。)





2



They only gave us a sketch of the whole event.


(他们只向我们简 略地介绍了整个事件。






3



The first part is a brief sketch of the school's early history.


(第一部分是该校早期历史的


概述。)





4



He sketched a boy's head on the sketchpad.


(他在速写簿上画出了男孩头像素描。)





5



Mr. Smith sketched excuses to his guest and left the room hu rriedly.


(史密斯先生向客人


草草致歉然后匆忙离开房 间。)





ze v.


使局部化;使具地方性;集中





1



It is unlikely to localize this disease.


(把这种疾病控制在局部地区是不可能的。)





2



They failed to localize the effect of the disturbance.


(他们没能使动乱的影响局部化。)





3



Anger localized on the new policy.


(民愤集中在这项新政策上。)





请注意


l ocalize


是由形容词


local


加动词后缀


-ize


构成的。英语中,这样词很多。比如:


modernize


(现代化),


civi lize


(使文明化),


socialize

< br>(社会化),


publicize


(公开化)等


等。





g n.


立足处;稳固的地位,基础





1



It is difficult to get a footing on the steep roof.


(要在那 很陡的屋顶上找到立脚处很困


难。)





2



He lost his footing and fell into the ditch.


(他一失足摔进了沟里。)





3



The water was so deep that she couldn't gain her footing.


(河水太深,她立不住足。)





4



They are on a friendly footing with their neighbors.


(他们同邻居们和睦相处。)





5



In today's China




women and men are on equal footing.


(在今天的中国,


男女平等。






ont n.


最前线,最主要的位置





1



The company was brought to the forefront of public att ention.


(那家公司成为公众注意


的重点。)

< p>




2



He brought the country to the forefront of world politics.


(他把那个国家推向了世界政


治的最前沿。)





请注意


f ore-


是一个前缀,


意思是在前面;


预先。


如:


forearm


(前臂)< /p>



forehead


(前额)

< p>


foresee


(预知),

foretell


(预言),


forecast

< p>
(预报)等等。





t v.


企图、试图









n.


企图、试图





1



I didn't attempt the last question in the exam.


(我没有试图去做试卷的最后一题。)





2



He attempted to keep his parents in the dark about what had happen ed.


(他试图使父母对


所发生的事一无所知。)





3



George had succeeded on his fourth attempt.


(乔治要游过湖 有困难,但他在第四次尝


试时终获成功。)





4



He made no attempt to solve the problem.


(他没有试图解决问题。)





n v.



……


弄平;变平





1



He flattened the paper cups.


(他把纸杯压平了。)





2



The hurricane flattened the forest.


(飓风夷平了森林。)





3



Her questions completely flattened me.


(他的问题把我完全击垮了。)





请注意


f latten


是由形容词


flat


加动 词后缀


-en


构成的。


-en


是英语中十分常用的动词后缀,


可以用在形容词后面也可以用

< p>


在名词后面。


如:


br oaden


(加宽)



weaken< /p>


(削弱)



sharpen


(使锋利),


frighten


(使


……


害怕),


lengthen


(加



长),


heighten


(加高)等等。





nce n.


提及;参考;证明书(或人),推荐信(或人)





1



There is on further reference to him in her diary.


(她在日记中没有进一步提到他。)





2



Keep this dictionary on your desk for easy reference.


(把这本词典放在你书桌上,以备


随时查阅。)





3



My professor gave me a good reference.



我的 教授给我写了一封德才兼优的推荐信。






请注意


r eference


是由动词


refer


加名词后缀


-ence


构成的。


-en ce


也是常见的名词后缀,


如:


dif ference


(区别),


conference


(会议),


preference


(偏爱),


transference


(转移)等


等。< /p>





ate v.


计算;估计;认为;想要





calculation n.


计算;估计





1



I calculated that we would arrive at 6.


(我估计我们六点钟到。)





2



The number of votes will be calculated in the late afternoon.


(选票将在傍晚时计数。)





3



You have to calculate the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision.


(在作


出决定前你得估 量事情的利弊。)





4



She calculates to go next month.


(她想下个月去。)





5



He made an error in his calculation.


(他在计算中出了差错。)





6



By his calculation




we will be there in an hour.


(据他估计,我们一小时后到那儿。)





e adj.


未认识到的,不知道的





我们已经学过


aware

< p>
这个词的用法,


unaware



aware


的反义词,用法与


aware


差不多。





1



She seemed unaware of what was happening around her.

(她似乎没有意识到周围正在


发生的一切。)





2



I was unaware that I had hurt him.


(我没有意识到我伤害了他。)





3



He was unaware of the serious consequence.


(他没有认识到后果的严重性。)





ate=orient v. < /p>


使适应;给


……


定向




orientation n.


定向;方位;熟悉;情况介绍





1



You should produce things orientated to people's needs .


(你应该生产适应人们需要的东


西。)





2



He oriented himself by finding a familiar landscape.


(他找了一处熟悉的景色来确定自


己所处的方位。)





3



The discussion helped me orient myself to the new language.


(讨论帮助我适应新的语


言。)





4



It took him a long time to orient himself.


(他花了很长时间熟悉环境。)





5



The winding trail caused them to lose their orientation.


(弯弯曲曲的小径使他们迷失方


向。)





6



College freshmen receive two days of orientation.

(大学新生用两天时间听取学校情况


介绍。)





oriented adj. < /p>



……


为目的的;重视

< br>……






export-oriented industries


(外向型工业)





an education- oriented family


(一个重视教育的家庭)





test-oriented teaching and learning


(以应试为目的的教学)





ble adj.


不可移动的;坚定不移的





这个词的词根是


move

< p>


-able


是形容词后缀;

im-


是反义词前缀,通常在


m



p


开首的单


词前。如:


impassable


(无法通过的),


import able


(可进口的),


immedicable


(无法医治的)


等等。





1



Father was immovable in his opinions.


(父亲的意志坚定不移。)





2



He didn't expect that he would face an immovable audience.


(他没料到他将面对一群不


动情的观众。)





3



What are you going to do with this immovable pillar


? (这根移动不了的柱子你打算怎


么处理?)





ement n.


安排;布置;整齐





arrange v.


安排;布置





1



Have you made all the arrangements for the conference


?(你为会议做好所有安排了


吗?)





2



He wants to make sure that everything is in neat arra ngement.


(他想确保一切都整整齐


齐。)





3



She didn't want to after the arrangement of furniture in the room.


(她不想改变房间里家


俱的位置。)





4



I will make arrangements for a car to meet you at the airport.


(我将安排一辆汽车去机场


接你。)





5



The librarian is arranging the books on the shelf.



图书管理员正在整理架子上的图书。






6



Don't worry




I will arrange the dinner for you.


(别急,我为你们安排晚餐。)





7



They have arranged for us to visit the Confucius Temple tomo rrow.


(他们已安排我们明


天游夫子庙。)





8



I have arranged for the goods to be delivered to your door.



我已为你安排好送货上门。






ere v.


干涉;妨碍,干扰





1



We have no rights to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.


(我们无权干涉他


国内政。)





2



Don't interfere in other people’s business.


(不要干预他人的事情。)





3



Misty weather interfered with the contact.


(雾天妨碍了联络。)





4



He has done nothing that directly interfered with the actions of the others.



他没做任何直


接妨碍他人行动的事。)





ance n.


一致;符合





1



Education is carried out in accordance with the government's po licy.



教育在依据政府的


政策实 施。)





2



In accordance with your request I am sending her the letter expr ess.


(根据你的要求,我


准备给她发特快信。)

< p>




3



I am in accordance with him in this matter.


(在这件事上,我同他是一致的。)





ce n.


信赖;依靠





rely v.


依赖;相信





1



She placed complete reliance on her husband's judgment.


(她完全相信她丈夫的判断。)





2



Self-reliance is necessary if you want to achieve anything.

< p>
(如果你想有所成就,自力更


生是很必要的。)





3



He is a man to be relied on.


(他是一个可以信赖的人。)





4



You can always rely on him




he won't fail you.


(你可以永远信任他,他不会让你失

< br>望的。)





5



We can rely on our children to do such work.


(这样的工作我们可以 放心地让孩子们去


做。)





ul adj.


合法的;正义的;正当的





请注意区别


right




强调同事实没有偏差,


r ightful


指事物符合道德或法律


的约束。





1



He regained his rightful place on the English throne.


(他 恢复了应属于他的英国王位。






2



The rightful heir should obtain his rightful inheritan ce.


(合法的继承人应获得其合法的


继承权。)





3



It is the right approach to the command of grammar.


(这是掌握语法的正确途径。)





4



I believe what he said is right.


(我相信他说的是对的。)





本课简介





今天,


地 图上上为北标示在我们的眼里极其自然。


很难想像出会有一幅不以上为北的地

< p>
图。但是当我们试图去了解地图绘制的历史时,我们会有超乎想像的发现。





世界上古老的地图绘于公元前


3800


年。几个世纪以后,是古希腊人开始用相对科学的


方式来绘制地图,其最杰出的先驱是托勒密。古巴


比伦人以扁平的圆盘状来展现地球,而


托勒密则以球状来展现地球。


鉴于当时人们的知识的状态,


托勒密在绘制地图时也出了种种

< br>差错,但是他是标示地图的上方为



北方的第一人。





到了中世纪,


欧洲教会严重阻碍了科 学的发展。


因为耶路撒冷是基督教的圣地,


于是地


图的上方便改换为东方。


直到十四世纪,


由于贸易的 发展,


以及人们对指南针的日益加剧的


依赖,北方终又成为地图 的上方。





本课主要句型





it is hard to visualize a map that does not feature north at the top




but this was not


always so.

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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