-
妙文
翻译公司
翻译样
稿
Q1. Do you
think that flexible production has dominated the
production of urban
space in the world?
If so, what are the implications for urban forms
and social
structures of cities?
问题
1.
您认为灵活生产已经在当今
世界的城市空间生产中占据绝对优势了吗？
如果是，它对都市的形态和城市的社会结构意
味着什么呢？
Allen J.
Scott:
Flexible production is the term
that came into existence as the Fordist
mass production system was beginning to
go into crisis.
阿兰
.
斯科特：“灵活生产”这个术语出现于“福特主义规模生产系统”开始进
入危机的时候。
What it
signifies is the opposite of mass production in
that flexible production,
especially
flexible specialization, usually involves the
production of small batches of
output
with changing design specifications in
increasingly competitive and uncertain
markets.
“灵活生产”<
/p>
代表的是大规模生产的对立面，
后者中的灵活生产，
尤其是灵活专
业化生产，
通常涉及在竞争和不确定性
不断加剧的市场中小批量产品的生产，
且
设计规格不断改变。<
/p>
At the same time, flexible
production is associated with vertical
disintegration of
production processes.
同时，灵活生产还与生产过程的纵向分解有关。
There have always been forms of
flexible production through
19
th
century and
20
th
century
capitalism, but of course the leading edges in the
greater part of the 20
th
century were the mass production
industries, not the flexible industries at all.
在
19
世纪
和
20
世纪，
资本主义中一直存在着灵
活生产的形式，
但是，
毫无疑问
20<
/p>
世纪绝大部分时期占据主导地位的仍是大规模生产工业，而不是灵活工业。
Flexible production is
marked by rapidly changing design specifications,
vertical
disintegration, transactions
intensive inter-relations between firms, and a
relatively
unstable set of labor
relationships. These forms of production are
quintessentially
given to locational
agglomeration so that as flexible production has
risen in the
contemporary era we have
also seen new industrial spaces appearing, new
agglomerations in various parts of the
world, and the resurgence of urban growth in
the more advanced capitalist countries
and the less advanced countries as well. I
actually now would prefer the term
“
cognitive-cultural
economy
”
to flexible
production, because I think it captures
more substantively what is the stake in the new
economy. This form of production has
now moved to the leading edges of capitalism
in terms of employment expansion and
innovation. That is not to say that mass
production has disappeared. Mass
production is still with us, but mass production
is
no longer -- as it once was -- the
dynamic leading edge of contemporary capitalism.
Nor do we have now anything like the
immense growth poles driving that peculiar
version of metropolitan
growth characteristic of northeast United States
in the postwar
years.
灵活生产的特
点是快速变化的设计规格、
垂直分解、
公司间交易频繁的相互联
系
以及相对不稳定的劳动力关系。
这些生产形式共同导致了地理
聚集，
因此灵活生
产在当代就出现了，
与此同时我们看到了新工业空间的出现，
世界各个角落的新
的聚
集，
发达资本主义国家以及欠发达国家城市发展的复兴。
实际上
，
现在我更
加偏好
“认知－文化经济”
这一术语，
而不是灵活生产，
因为我认
为它更能实质
上体现新经济的基础。
现在这种生产形式通过雇佣
扩张和创新已经成为资本主义
的主力。
这不是说大规模生产已经
消失了。
大规模生产依旧在我们身边，
但是它
< br>不再――与从前一样――是当代资本主义生机勃勃的主导力量了。
现在，
我们也
不存在什么急速增长极之类的东西，
来推
动怪异的大都市发展，
就如战后时期美
国东北部那样。
Xu Wei
:
do you mean suburbanization, the decline of urban
centers…?
Xu Wei
：
您的意思是指郊区化，城市中心的衰落
…
?
Allen J.
Scott
: No, I was actually thinking the
growth of the large metropolis
including Detroit, Cincinnati,
Cleveland, Chicago. Eventually they did decline or
stagnate with the demise of Fordist
mass production.
阿兰
.
< br>斯科特：
不是，事实上我正在思考底特律、辛辛那提、克利夫兰、芝加哥
等大都市的发展。
最终，
它们确实随着
“福特主义规模生产系统”
的终结而衰落
或者停
滞了。
Wei:
So, this decline can be
interpreted as a shift towards flexible or
cognitive
cultural economy?
Wei:
那么，可以把这种衰落解释为向灵活或者认知文化经济转变吗？
Allen J.
Scott
:. The shift is part of what
happened. The demise of Fordist mass
production was a complex phenomenon, at
least in North America, of increasing
competition from Japan and newly
industrializing countries and the saturation of
markets for mass produced goods. In the
space provided by this crisis and in the
context of technologies that were
appearing, flexible production and the cognitive
cultural economy started to appear. It
is a very complex history that no-one has even
yet fully worked out.
阿兰
.
斯科特：
转变只是
事实的一部分。“福特主义规模生产系统”的终结是一
个复杂的现象，至少在北美来说，
包括来自日本和新工业化国家的竞争的加剧，
以及大规模生产产品市场的饱和。
在这一危机形成的空间中，
在新兴技术出现的
背
景下，
灵活生产和认知文化经济开始显现。
这是一段非常复杂的
历史，
还没有
人彻底探究清楚。
Q2.. Some scholars argue that American
or advanced capitalist Fordism has been
exported to the developing countries,
and China as a World Factory has been the test
site indicating that the
“
old or obsolete
”
Fordism or mass production is very much
alive and is affecting urban change a
great deal. How do you see this line of argument