21世纪大学商务英语综合教程第三册课文英汉对照翻译ByMJX

2007

年的总统候选人，奥巴马作为美国有线新闻网（

CNN

）的

卢·道布斯的应声虫，对着芝加哥一群兴高 采烈的工会会员们说，从发展中国家进口低价

T

恤衫跟失去就业 机会相比是不值得的。

“如果为了一件廉价的

T

恤衫而丢失工作的话，大家

是决不会那么做的，

”他说 。

“他们宁愿要一份工作，也不在乎为

T

恤衫付高点的价格。

”

Like most politicians, candidate Obama chose to represent a small but noisy special interest

at

the

expense

of

the

large

majority

of

Americans.

Only

one-third

of

one

percent

of

American

workers are engaged in making clothing and textiles of any kind. That comparescompares to the

virtually 100 percent of Americans who buy and wear T-shirts and other clothing. If Americans are

forced

to

pay

higher

prices

because

of

import

restrictions,

a

small

number

of

jobs

would

be

“

saved

< br>”

but at a huge cost to working families.

与多数政客一样，总统候选人奥巴马也情愿

代表那些少数喧嚣的特殊利益团体，

而牺牲绝大多数美国普通百姓的 利益。

只有百分之一中

的三分之一的美国工人还在从事各类服装 和纺织品的生产。

与此相比较的是，

差不多百分之

百的美国人都要购买和身穿

T

恤衫和其他服装。如果 因为进口的限制而迫使美国人支付更

高的商品价格，

那有可能会 “保住”

数量很少的就业岗位，但却是以美国众多家庭巨大经济

损失为代价的。

Across

the

entire

U.S. economy,

trade

accounts

for

a

small

share

of

job

displacement.

For

every

worker

displaced

by

trade

or

outsourcing,

30

American

workers

typically

lose

their

jobs

because of other factors

—

most commonly technological change, but also domestic competition

and changing consumer tastes. Think of the 30,000 workers at Kodak that have been laid off in the

past

five

years,

not

because

of

imports,

but

because

of

the

popularity

of

digital

cameras

and

plunging film sales. My former calling, the newspaper business, has been hemorrhaging jobs since

2001,

not

because

of

unfair

trade,

but

because

of

Craigslist

and

changing

reader

habits.

“

Job

churn

”

is a fact of life in a dynamic, open ec onomy.

在美国的整个经济中，由贸易导致的裁员

只占很小 的比例。相对于一位工人因贸易或外包而遭裁退，通常就会有

30

位美国工人由于

其他的因素而丧失工作，这些因素中最常见的有技术变革及国内竞争和 消费者嗜好的变化。

想想过去五年中柯达公司解聘了三万名工人，

这种解聘并不是因为进口，

而是由数字相机的

普及和胶卷销售 价格暴跌而引起的。我以前从事的行业——报业，

2001

年以 来一直在大量

裁员，并非由于不公平贸易，而是由于

Craig slist

网络社区的免费分类广告和读者阅读习惯

的改变。在 动态、开放的经济环境里，

“工作不断变动”已成生活的一种客观事实。

A big lie of the trade debate is that we have been surrendering middle- class manufacturing

jobs for low-paying service jobs. Since the early 1990s, the U.S. economy has lost more than 3

million

manufacturing

jobs,

but

during

that

same

period

the

economy

has

added

18

million

service-sector jobs that are typically better paying. In fact, since 1991, two-thirds of the net new

jobs created in the U.S. economy are in sectors such as healthcare, education, and business and

professional service where the average pay is higher than in manufacturing. The American middle

class

today

earns

its

keep

from

better-paying

service

sectorjobs.

Knock

on

doors

in

a

typical

middle-class American neighborhood and you will meet teachers, managers, architects, engineers,

computer specialists, accountants and auditors, police officers and fire fighters, insurance and real

estate

agents,

registered

nurses

and

other

healthcare

professionals,

and

self-employed

business

owners.

贸 易辩论中的一大谎言是：

我们一直在为换取低薪的服务业工作 而丢失中产阶级的

制造业岗位。

从

20

世纪

90

年代初以来，

美国经济虽失去了

300

万份制造业的工作岗位，

但

在同期却增加了

1800

万份服务业的工作，而且通常情况下薪金都更高。实际上，

1991

来美国经济中新创造的净三分之二的岗位都发生在平均工资比制造业要 高的服务业，

如医疗

保健、教育、商业和专业服务等。美国中产 阶层现在都在服务业谋生，所获收入更高。你只

要在美国中产阶级聚居的社区敲开住户的 房门，

那你所见到的就会是教师、

管理人员、

< br>建筑

师、工程师、电脑专家、会计和审计师、警官和消防队员、保险和房地产中介 、注册护士和

其他医疗专业人士，以及自谋职业的业主。

Beyond American shores, falling trade barriers and the spread of technology have created a

more

prosperous,

democratic,

and

peaceful

world.

Again,

this

may

seem

a

counter- intuitive

argument

in

the

face

of

daily

headlines

about

a

global

recession

and

ongoing

violence

in

the

Middle East and Africa, but here too we need to step back and assess long-term trends.

在美国以

外的世界，

贸易壁垒的逐渐消除如技术的普及已使世界变得更为繁荣、

民主与和平。

当每天

面对大量关于全球危机和中 东与非洲持续暴力的新闻大标题时，

上述观点可能似乎又与我们

的直觉相反。不过，也正是在这一点上，我们有必要退一步来评估一下（自由贸易的）长期

走向。

The past three decades of expanding trade and globalization have witnessed dramatic global

progress. Between 1981 and 2005, the share of the world

’

s population living on the equivalent of

1.25 a day dropped by half, from 52 to 25 percent, according to the World Bank. In China alone,

the number in absolute poverty fell by 600 million. During this same period, real gains have been

made in life expectancy,

infant survival, nutrition, and literacy. Child labor rates have fallen by

more than half. It is not a coincidence that the most dramatic gains against poverty have occurred

in those countries that have most aggressively opened themselves to the global economy.

过去三

十年不断扩展的国际贸易和全球化已经 见证了巨大的全球性进步。根据世界银行的统计数

据，

1981

年至

2005

年间，日均约

美元生活费的贫困人口比例下降了一半，即从原来

52%

降至

25%

。仅在中国 ，生活在绝对贫困线以下的人口就下降了六个亿。也是在这期间，

人均寿命、

营养和识字率方面都取得了实质性的进展。

< br>童工率也下降了一半多。

在消除贫困上取得最大进步的都是最积极向世界经济开放 的那些国家，这并不只是一种巧

合。

Meanwhile,

as

a

global

middle

class

has

emerged,

so

too

have

more

democratic

forms

of

government. Trade has spread tools of communication and spurred the growth of civil society as

an alternative to centralized government. As a result, the share of the world

’

s population living in

countries that respect civil liberties and the right to vote has climbed from 35 percent in 1973 to 46

percent today, according to Freedom House.

全球中产阶层形成的同时，

世界上也有了更多更为

民主的政府。

贸易使通讯工具在世界各 地得到普及，

从而推进了以文明社会替代集权政府的

进程。

因此，

据自由审议会所说，

生活在尊重公民 自由和选举权的国家的人口比例已从

1973

年时的

提升到现在的

46%

。

Fewer people are dying in wars today than in past decades, in large part because commerce

has

replaced

military

competition.

Global

commerce

has

allowed

nations

to

gain

access

to

resources

through

trade

rather

than

conquest,

while

deeper

economic

integration

has

brought

former enemies together and raised the cost of war. Even with the ongoing conflicts in Iraq and

Afghanistan, young American adults living today are far less likely to fight and die in wars than

their counterparts in the 1940s,

’

50s and

’

60s.

与过去几十年相比，现在死于战争的人数大

主要原因是商业交流已经取代了军事竞争。

全球化的商业使世界各国能通过贸易—

—而不是通过征服，

去 获取资源；

与此同时，

更深入发展的经济一体化使得以前的敌人 走到

一起来了，

并使战争的成本更高了。

即便是仍在进行中的伊拉克和阿富汗战争，

现在年青的

美国成 年人，比起（

20

世纪）

40

、

50

和

60

年代的同龄人，奔赴战场甚至战死的可能性要低

得多。

< br>

America and the world face daunting tasks today, as in generations past, but expanding trade

is part of the solution, not part of the problem. Americans should have the same warm feelings

toward free trade and globalization as they do toward iPods, email, online shopping, a well-fed

child going off to school, and peace on earth.

跟过去几代人一样，

现在的美 国和整个世界都面临

着艰巨的任务，

但贸易的扩大是解决问题的 途径之一，

而不是问题之一。

美国人应该对自由

贸易和全球化怀有一副热心肠，就像他们热衷于

iPod

、电子邮件、在线购物、养育得好的

儿童出门上学及地球上的和平等事情那样。

UNIT2

How Does an Organization Recruit?

一个组织是如何招聘员工的？

By Margaret A. Richardson

Introduction

引

言

Acquiring and retaining high-quality talent is critical to an organization

’

s success. As the job

market

becomes

increasingly

competitive

and

the

available

skills

grow

more

diverse,

recruiters

need to be more selective in their choices, since poor recruiting decisions can produce long-term

negative effects, including high training and development costs to minimize the incidence of poor

performance and high turnover which, in turn, impact staff morale, the production of high quality

goods and services and the retention of organizational memory. At worst, the organization can fail

to

achieve

its

objectives,

there

by

losing

Its

competitive

edge

andshare

of

the

market.

Traditionally, public service

organizations have had little need to worry about market share and

increasing competition since they operate in a monopolistic environment. But in recent time, the

emphasis

on

new

public

management

approaches

has

forced

public

organizations

to

pay

closer

attention to their service delivery as consumers have begun to expect and demand more for their

tax dollars. No longer are citizens content to grumble about poorly-produced goods and services

and

the

under-qualified,

untrained

employees

who

provide

them.

As

societies

become

more

critical

and

litigious,

public

service

organizations

must

seek

all

possible

avenues

for

improving

their output and providing the satisfaction their clients require and deserve.

获得并留住优秀人才

对一个组织的成功至关重要。

随着就业市场竞争日益激烈，

现有技能变得更加多样化，

招 聘

人员在选择时要更加精挑细选，

因为错误的招聘决策能够造成 长期的负面影响，

包括为了使

低效益与高流动性发生率最小化而 进行的培训与育才的高额成本，

低效益与高流动性相应地

会影响 员工的士气、

产品的质量、

服务的水平及组织在人们记忆中的形 象的保持。

甚至组织

可能无法实现其目标，

并因而失去其竞争优势和市场份额。

传统上，

公共服务组织 没有什么

必要担心它们的市场份额与不断增加的竞争，

因为它们 处在一个垄断的环境中。

但是，

最近，

对新型公共管理方法的强调迫使公共组织更加重视它们所提供的服务（的质量）

，因为消 费

者已经开始期望并要求他们用美元交纳的税收能得到更多的回报。

他们不再满足于只是抱怨

质量差的产品或服务及提供这种服务或产品的未经培训的不 合格员工。

随着社会更加热衷于

批判与诉讼，

< br>公共服务组织必须寻求所有可能的途径去改善其产品质量，

提高其顾客所要求

并理应得到的对产品和服务的满意度。

The

provision

of

high-quality

goods

and

services

begins

with

the

recruitment

process.

Recruitment

is

described

as

“

the

set

of

activities

and

processes

used

to

legally

obtain

a

sufficient

number

of

qualified

people

at

the

right

place

and

time

so

that

the

people

and

the

organization can select each other in their own best short and long term interests

”

. In other words,

the

recruitment

process

provides

the

organization

with

a

pool

of

potentially

qualified

job

candidates from which judicious selection can be made to fill vacancies.

优质产品与服务的提供

始于招聘过程。

招聘被描述为