中国制造业比较优势：基于贸易增加值的RCA指数分析英语中小学教育教学

中国制造业比较优势：基于贸易增加值的

RC A

指数分析

【摘要】

贸易增加值核算方法是国际贸易领域的研究新热点，

本文基于贸易

增加值的角度重新审视我国制造业的出口竞争力，

引入修正的

RCA

指数对我国制

造业总 体、制造业低中高三个技术类别以及制造业细分行业的竞争力进行分析，

得出纵向时间变 化趋势，同时进行横向国别比较，本文研究发现：⑴

1995-2011

年观察期内，

中国制造业整体的出口竞争力不断增强，

出口结构不断优化：

高附

加值产品出口比重不断上升；⑵低技术 类制造业比较优势强但增速放缓逼近停

滞，中技术类制造业不具比较优势且无明显变化趋 势，高技术类制造业起点低、

发展快；

⑶从细分行业看，

目前中国最具出口竞争力的仍为以纺织业、

鞋类制造

< br>为代表的劳动密集型制造业，

但是高技术类制造业在比较优势、

< br>出口比重上均有

赶超低技术类制造业的趋势。

【关键字】制造业；贸易增加值；

RCA

指数； 国别比较

Chinese manufacturing industry comparative advantage

—

Based on value-added in Trade RCA index analysis

Abstract:Value-added in Trade accounting method is the new hot spot

in

the

field

of

international

trade,

this

article

based

on

the

value-added

in trade to re-examine current situation of China's manufacturing

introduction of new indicators-RCA _Value Added to analyze

China's manufacturing industry, respectively proceed from the overall

manufacturing low-high three technical categories, and manufacturing

sub- sectors analyzed. Then draw two conclusions, one is the time trends

in

the

longitudinal

direction,

and

the

other

is

the

result

of

horizontal

comparison on the country. The study found that: (1)Between 1995 and

2011,the

export

competitiveness

of

China's

manufacturing

sector

growing,

export proportion of high-tech manufacturing industry has also been

optimized.

⑵

From the technical point of view, low technology class

manufacturing

has

a

strong

comparative

advantage

but

its

growth

is

slowing

down; Middle technology class manufacturing does not have a comparative

advantage and there is no obvious trend; The pace of development of

high-tech manufacturing industry relatively fast.

⑶

From the specific

perspective of industry, with the most competitive export manufacturing

in China is still labor-intensive manufacturing,textiles and footwear