吸尘器中英文对照外文翻译文献

nozzle

below

，

smaller

power

；

Portable:small er

，

which

can

be

directly

used

in

hand

grip,

smaller power

；

Mini type

：

multi-purpose battery-p owered

，

smaller

，

more for clean clothes,

instru ments

，

smaller power

．

According to the drive motors to points

vacuum cleaner and can be divided into the following categories: ac vacuum cleaners, dc

cleaner and ac/dc amphibious vacuum cleaner

．

Vacuum cleaner - working principle

Cleaner mainly by up dust

，

vacuuming

，

blow 3 parts

，

generally includes string-excited

motor,

centrifugal

blower

KSF,

blow

device

(bags)

and

vacuuming

accessories.

KSF

string-excited

motor

speed

up

more

than

20000r/min

(mini

vacuum

cleaner

1

analyzed

．

combined by micro

，

rated voltage dc machines for 3 ~ 6V). Blow is usually adopts

mesh

，

flannelette or filter materials. General cleaner power for 400 ~ 1000W or higher

，

portable vacuum cleaner power generally lower than 250W

．

Cleaner principle of work is as

follows

：

motor high-speed drive their impeller rotation, make air high-speed eduction, and

the air blower front-end vacuuming cottrell constantly supply

，

make aspiration to fan cottrell

，

thus produced with outside the instantaneous vacuum forming negative pressure differential

pressure

，

on the pressure difference

，

under the action of inhaled air

，

the dust scurf

，

ejecting

purity is filtered air cleaner air

．

The greater the air pressure difference

，

the greater the greater

ability

，

aspiration

．

A vacuum cleaner

，

commonly referred to as a vacuum is a device that uses an air pump

to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors. The dirt is collected

by either a dust bag or a cyclone for later disposal. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes

as

well

an

in

industry,

exist

in

a

variety

of

sizes

and

models:

from

small

battery-operated

hand-held

devices

to

huge

stationary

industrial

appliances

that

can

handle

several

hundred

litters of dust before being emptied.

Technology

A vacuum's suction is caused by a difference in air pressure. An electric fan reduces the

pressure inside the machine. Atmospheric pressure then pushes the air through the carpet and

into the nozzle, and so the dust is literally pushed into the bag.

Tests have shown that vacuuming can kill 100% of young fleas and 96% of adult fleas.

A

British

inventor

has

developed

a

new

cleaning

technology

known

as

Air

Recycling

Technology which instead of using a vacuum uses an air stream to collect dust from the carpet.

This technology was tested by the Market Transformation Programmer (MTP) and shown to

be

more

energy

efficient

than

the

vacuum

method.

Although

working

prototypes

exist

Air

Recycling Technology is not currently used in any production cleaner.

Exhaust filtration

Vacuums

by

their

nature

cause

dust

to

become

airborne,

by

exhausting

air

that

is

not

completely filtered. This can cause health problems since the operator ends up inhaling this

dust. There are several methods manufacturers are using to solve this problem. Some methods

may be combined together in

a single vacuum.

Typically the filter is

positioned so

that the

incoming

air

passes

through

it

before

it

reaches

the

motor.

Typically,

the

filtered

air

then

passes through the motor for cooling purposes.

History

The vacuum cleaner evolved from the carpet sweeper via manual vacuum cleaners. The

first manual models, using bellows, came in the 1869s, and first motorised models came in the

2

beginning of the 20

th

century.

Daniel Hess

Daniel Hess of West Union, Lowe, USA invented a vacuum cleaner in g it a

carpet sweeper instead of a vacuum cleaner, his

machine did, in fact, have a rotating brush

like a traditional vacuum cleaner, which also possessed an elaborate bellows mechanism on

top of the body to generate suction of dust and dirt. Hess received a patent (.29.077)

for his invention of the vacuum cleaner on July 10, 1860.

Elves W. Mc Gaffe

The

first

manually-powered

cleaner

using

vacuum

principles

was

the

“

< br>Whirlwind,

”

invented in Chicago, USA in 1868 by elves W. Mc Gaffe The machine was lightweight and

compact, but was difficult to operate because of the need to turn a hand crank at the same time

as pushing it across the floor. Mc Gaffe enlisted the help of The American Carpet Cleaning Co.

of Boston to market it to the pubic. It was sold for

$$25. It is hard to determine how successful

the Whirlwind was, as most of them were sold

in

Chicago

and Boston,

and it is likely that

many were lost in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Only two are known to have survived, one

of which can be found in the Hoover Historical Center.

Mc Gaffney was but one of many 19

th

-century inventors in the United States and Europe

who devised manual vacuum cleaners. He obtained a patent (.91,145) on June 8,1869.

Melville Bissell

In 1876, Melville Bissell of Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA created a vacuum cleaner for

his wife, Anna, to clean up sawdust in carpeting. Shortly after, Bissell Carpet Sweepers were

born. After Melville died unexpectedly in 1889, Anna took control of the company and was

one of the most powerful businesswomen of the day.

3

John S. Thurman

On

November

14,1898,

John

S.

Thurman

of

St.

Louis,

Missouri,

USA.

Submitted

for

patent

(.634,042)a

“

pneumatic

carpet

renovator

”

.

It

was

issued

on

October3,

1899.

Thurman created a gasoline powered carpet cleaner for the General Compressed Air Company.

In a newspaper advertisement from the St. Louis Dispatch, Thurman offered his invention of

the horse drawn (which went door to door) motorized cleaning system in St. Louis. Louis. He

offered

cleaning

services

at

$$4

per

visit.

By

1906,

Thurman

was

offering

built-in

central

cleaning systems that used compressed air, yet featured n dust collection. Thurman

’

s machine

is

sometimes

considered

the

first

vacuum

cleaner.

However,

the

dust

was

blown

into

a

receptacle rather than being sucked in, an in the machine now used . In later patent litigation,

Judge

Augustus

Hand

ruled

that

Thurman

“

does

not

appear

to

have

attempted

to

design

a

vacuum cleaner or to have understood the process of vacuum cleaning.

”

H. Cecil Booth

Hubert Cecil Booth has the strongest claim to inventing the motorized vacuum cleaner in

1901. As Booth recalled decades later, in 1901 he attended

“

a demonstration of an American

machine by its inventor

”

at the Empire Music Hall in London. The inventor is not named, but

Booth

’

s description of the machine conforms fairly closely to Thurman

’

s design, as modified

in later patents. Booth watched a demonstration of the device which blew dust off the chairs,

and thought it would be much more useful to have one that sucked dust. He tested the idea by

laying a handkerchief on the seat of a restaurant chair, putting his mouth to the handkerchief,

and then trying to suck up as much dust as he could onto the handkerchief. Upon seeing the

dust and dirt collected on the underside of the handkerchief he realized the idea could work.

Booth

created

a

large

device,

driven

first

by

an

oil

engine,

and

later

by

an

electric

motor

electric.

Nicknamed

the

Billy

Booth's

petrol-powered,

horse-drawn

vacuum

cleaner

relied

upon

air

drawn

through

a

cloth

filter.

Gaining

the

royal

seal

of

approval,

Booth's motorized vacuum cleaner was used to clean the carpets of Westminster Abbey prior

to

Edward

VII

’

s

coronation

in

1901.

Booth

received

his

first

patents

on

February

18

and

August 30, 1901

David T. Kenney

Nine patents granted to the New Jersey, USA inventor David T. Kenney between 1903

and 1913 established the foundation for the American vacuum cleaner industry. Membership

in the Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturers

’

Associatio, formed in 1919, was limited to licensees

under his patents.

Walter Griffiths

In 1905

4

another manually operated cleaner, patented by Walter Griffiths Manufacturer,

Birmingham,

England.

was portable, easy to store, and powered by

domestic servant he task of compressing a bellows-like contraption to suck up dust through a

removable, flexible pipe, to

which a variety of shaped nozzles could

be attached. This

was

arguably the first domestic vacuum-cleaning device to resemble the modern vacuum cleaner.

Hermann Bogenschild

German

immigrant

engineer

Hermann

Bogenschild

filed

a

patent

in

1906

for

a

mechanical

'dust

removing

apparatus.'

Emigrating

from

Berlin

to

Milwaukee

in

1892,

Bogenschild's device was mounted on wheels for portability and its motor was connected to a

hose and filter system.

James Murray Spangler

In

1907,

James

Murray

Spangler,

a

janitor

Canton,

Ohio,

practical,

portable

vacuum

cleaner. Crucially, in addition to suction that used an electric fan, a box, and one of his wife's

pillowcases,

Spangler's

design

incorporated

a

rotating

brush

to

loosen

debris.

Unable

to

produce

the

design

himself

due

to

lack

of

funding,

he

sold

the

patent

in

1908

to

William

Henry

Hoover

who

had

Spangler's

machine

redesigned

with

a

steel

casing,

casters,

and

attachments. Subsequent innovations included the first disposal filter bags in the 1920s and

the first upright vacuum cleaner in 1926.

Hoover

Spangler patented his rotating-brush design June 2, 1908, and eventually sold the idea to

his cousin's husband, Hoover. He was looking for a new product to sell, as the leather goods

produced

by

his

'Hoover

Harness

and

Leather

Goods'

company

were

becoming

obsolete,

because of the invention of the automobile. In the United States, Hoover remains one of the

leading manufacturers of household goods, including vacuum cleaners; and Hoover became

very

wealthy

from

the

invention.

Indeed,

in

Britain

the

name

Hoover

became

synonymous

with

the

vacuum

cleaner

so

much

so

that

one

one's

carpets

Initially

called

'The

Electric Suction Sweeper Company', their first vacuum was the 1908 Model O, which sold for

$$60.

Nilfisk

In 1910, P.A. Frisker patented a vacuum cleaner using a name based on the company’s

telegram

address

—

Nilfisk.

It

was

the

first

electric

vacuum

cleaner

in

Europe.

His

design

weighed

just

17.5 kg

and

could

be

operated

by

a

single

person.

The

company

Frisker

and

Nielsen

was

formed

just

a

few

years

before.

Today

the

Nilfisk

vacuums

are

delivered

by

Nilfisk-Advance.

Electrolux Model V

5