-
Directions: For this part, you are allowed
30 minutes to write a short essay on
the topic
Advertisement.
You
should
write
at
least
120
words
following
the
outline
given
below in Chinese:
1.
广告的作用
2.
广告的形式多样
3.
广告的夸张性
Advertisement
Advertisements
are forcing
their way into people’s lives. People refer to
advertisements in their daily lives
because they are consumers. The advertisers
are usually manufacturers, retailers
and salesmen. Their merchandise needs to be
advertised
to
bring
it
to
the
attention
to
the
customers.
Thus
nearly
every
product
is advertised in
some way. To a large extent, good advertising
leads to success
while bad advertising
can mean failure.
There
are
many
ways
to
advertise
and
‘ads’
come
in
different
forms.
Newspapers
carry advertisements. Some products are
publicized on TV and radio which bring
them
into
notice
of
a
wide
audience.
Billboards
also
carry
advertising.
Advertising
is a big industry now and many agencies
have been set up to furnish a variety of
forms..
However,
advertising
is
not
always
truthful.
A
product
is
often
misrepresented.
The
advertiser
exaggerates
the
benefits
of
the
merchandise
he
wants
to
sell.
Thus,
he
misrepresents
the
truth.
The
consumer
falls
victim
to
such
advertising.
Millions
of people have bought advertised
products and have been dissatisfied with
them
。
点评：这是一篇说明文，用说明的表达方式来解说事物，阐明
事理。写好说明文，不仅
要抓住特征，注意条理，而且要巧妙运用说明方法，像下定义、
举例子、作比较、分类别、
列数字、打比方等
四级阅读预测：
Baekeland and Hartmann
report that the “short sleepers” had been more or
less average in their sleep needs until
the men were in their teens. But at about
age
15
or
so,
the
men
voluntarily
began
cutting
down
their
nightly
sleep
time
because
of pressures from
school, work, and other activities. These men
tended to view
their
nightly
periods
of
unconsciousness
as
bothersome
interruptions
in
their
daily
routines.
In general, these “short sleeps”
appeared ambitious, active, energetic,
cheerful,
conformist(
不动摇
) in their
opinions, and very sure about their career
choices. They often held several jobs
at once, or workers full-or part-time while
going to school. And many of them had a
strong urge to appear “normal” or
“acceptable” to their friends and
associates.
When asked to recall their dreams, the
“short sleepers” did poorly. More
than
this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In
similar fashion, their usual
way of
dealing with psychological problems was to deny
that the problem existed,
and then to
keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go
away.
The
sleep
patterns
of
the
“short
sleepers”
we
re
similar
to,
but
less
extreme
than, sleep patterns shown by many
mental patients categorized as
manic(
疯人
).
The
“long
sleepers”
were
quite
different
indeed.
Baekeland
and
Hartmann
report
that these young
men had been lengthy sleeps since
childhood. They seemed to enjoy
their
sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when
they were occasionally
deprived of
their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They
tended to recall their
dreams much
better than did the “short sleepers.”
Many
of
the
“long
sleepers”
were
shy,
anxious,
introverted
(内向
),
inhibited
(
压抑
),
passive,
mildly
depressed,
and
unsure
of
themselves
(particularly
in
social
situations).
Several
openly
states
that
sleep
was
an
escape
from
their
daily
problems.
1. According to the report,______.
A) many short
sleepers need less sleep by nature
B) many short sleepers are
obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because
they are busy with their work
C) long
sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the
day
D) many
long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed
during their
childhood
2. Many “short sleepers”
are likely to hold the view that _____.
A) sleep is a
withdrawal from the reality
B) sleep interferes with
their sound judgement
C) sleep is the least expensive item on
their routine program
D) sleep is the best way to deal with
psychological troubles
3. It is stated in the third paragraph
that short sleepers _____.
A) are ideally vigorous even under the
pressures of life
B) often neglect the consequences of
inadequate sleep
C) do not know how to relax properly
D) are more
unlikely to run into mental problems
4. When sometimes they
cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers
might
____.
A) appear disturbed
B) become energetic
C) feel
dissatisfied
D)
be extremely depressed
5. Which of the following is Not
included in the passage?
A)
If
one
sleeps
inadequately,
his
performance
suffers
and
his
memory
is
weakened
B) The sleep patterns of short sleepers
are exactly the sane as those shown
by
many mental patients
C) Long and short sleepers differ in
their attitudes towards sleep
D) Short sleepers would be
better off with more rest
【答案及详解】
答案：
DCBAB
贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，
“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，
其正常睡眠时间大致与
所需要的时间差不多。但到了
15
岁左右，
由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意
地减少了夜间睡眠的
时间。
这些人持有这样的观点：
夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情
，
打断
了日常事务。
总的说来，
这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、
精力充沛、
无意识乐观豁
达、立场坚定，
对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。
他们往往同时从事几项工作，
或者一边上学读
书，
一边从事专职或兼职工作。
其中许多人有强烈愿望，
想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”
或“合群”。
< br>
当让他们回忆梦境时，<
/p>
“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。
更有甚者，
他们似乎情愿什么
都记不住。
类似的情况是他们通常处理心
理问题的方式：
不承认问题的存在，
希望只要忙忙
碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。
“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡
眠模式十分相似，
只不过
没有那么严重而已。
< br>
“睡眠多的人”情形则大
不相同。
贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，
这些年轻人从小的，
有抱负
的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没
有所需的
9
个小时夜间卧
床休息，
他们便会十分不安。
他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容
。
许多“睡眠
多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有
点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好
几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。
Now let us
look at
how we read. When we
read a printed
text, our eyes
move
across
a
page
in
short,
jerky
movement.
We
recognize
words
usually
when
our
eyes
are
still
when
they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group
of words. This is known
as the
recognition span or the visual span. The length of
time ofr which the eyes
stop
---the
duration
of
the
fixation
----varies
considerably
from
person
to
person.
It also vaies within
any one person according to his purpose in reading
and his
familiarity with the text.
Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as
lighting and tiredness.
Unfortunately,
in
the
past,
many
reading
improvement
courses
have
concentrated
too
much
on
how
our
eyes
move
across
the
printed
page.
As
a
result
of
this
misleading
emphasis on the purely visual aspects
of reading, numerous exercises have been
devised to train the eyes to see more
words at one fixation. For instance, in some
exercises, words are flashed on to a
screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of
a second. One of the exercises has
required students to fix their eyes on some
central point, taking in the words on
either side. Such word patterns are often
constructed in the shape of rather
steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and
more words at each successive fixation.
All these exercises are very clever, but
it’s
one
thing
to
improve
a
person’s
ability
to
see
words
and
quite
another
thing
to improve his ability
to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the
ability
to understand the relationship
between words. Consequently, for these reasons,
many
experts
have
now
begun
to
question
the
usefulness
of
eye
training,
especially
since any approach which trains a
person to read isolated words and phrases would
seem unlikely to help him in reading a
continuous text.
Q:
1. The time of the recognition span can
be affected by the following facts
except ________ .
A. one’s familiarity with
the text
B. one’s purpose in reading
C. the length
of a group of words
D. lighting and tiredness
2. The author may believe
that reading ______.
A. requires a reader to take in more
words at each fixation
B. requires a reader to see words more
quickly
C.
demands an deeply-participating mind
D. demands more mind than
eyes
3. What
does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing
to improve a
pers
on’s
ability to see words and quite another thing to
improve his ability to
read a text
efficiently.” in the second parapraph?
A.
The
ability
to
see
words
is
not
needed
when
an
efficient
reading
is
conducted.
B. The reading exercises mentioned
can’t he
lp to improve both the ability
to see and to comprehend words.
C.
The
reading
exercises
mentioned
can’t
help
to
improve
an
efficient
reading.
D.
The
reading
exercises
mentioned
has
done
a
great
job
to
improve
one’s
ability
to
see words.
4.
Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The visual span is a
word or a group of words we see each time.
B. Many experts
began to question the efficiency of eye training.
C. The emphasis
on the purely visual aspects is misleading.
eye training
will help readers in reading a continuous text.
5. The tune of
the author in writing this article is ________
A critical
B neutral
C prssimistic
D optimistic
【答案及详解】
答案：
CCCDA
1 C
。
事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材
料的熟悉
程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。
2
C<
/p>
。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。
倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项
C“
阅读需要大脑的深度
参与”正确。
作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素
的必要性，
但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，
加快阅读速度
。所以
AB
两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中
的重要性进行
对比，所以不选
D
3 C
。作者在这句话中先是肯定了
那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅
读概念。
后
面句中还指出，
有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。
所
以作者的意思应
该是那些
(
训练眼睛的
)
阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。
B<
/p>
与文章相反。
D
句是蕴涵其中一个
意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。
4 D
。
第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以
D
是错的，
是本题答案。
5 A
。
参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的
阅读能力
课程进行批判，所以答案应该是
A
。
As is known to all, the organization
and management of wages and salaries are very
complex. Generally speaking, the
Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations
of pay, while the Personnel Department
is interested in discussions with the
employees about pay.
If a firm wants to __2__ a
new wage and salary structure, it is essential
that
the firm should decide on a __3__
of job evaluation and ways of measuring the
performance of its employees. In order
to be __4__, that new pay structure will
need agreement between Trade Unions and
employers. In job evaluation, all of the
requirements of each job are defined in
a detailed job description. Each of thsoe
requirements is given a value, usually
in
give a total value for the job. For
middle and higher management, a special method
is used to evaluate managers on their
knowledge of the job, their responsibility,
and
their
__6__
to
solve
problems.
Because
of
the
difficulty
in
measuring
management
work, however,
job grades for managers are often decided without
__7__ to an
evaluation system based on
points.
In
attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel
Department should __8__
the
value
of
each
job
with
these
in
the
job
market.
__9__,
payment
for
a
job
should
vary
with any differences in the way that the job is
performed. Where it is simple
to
measure the work done, as in the works done with
hands, monetary encouragement
schemes
are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where
measurement is difficult,
methods of
additional payments are employed.
[A]compare
[B]responsible
[C]useful
[D]added
[E]find
[F]reference
[G]indirect
[H]method
[I]successful
[J]combined
[K]Necessarily
[L]capacity
[M]ability
[N]Basically
[O]adopt
【答案及详解】
1.
选<
/p>
B)
。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门
< br>...
计算报酬”，选项中的形容词
responsib
le“负责任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“间接的”，successful“成功
的”，
其中
indirect
不能与
for
连用，
排除<
/p>
;
剩余几项中只有
B)responsi
ble
意义符合原句，
其他均不符合，故排除。
2.
< br>选
O)
。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的
工资和薪水制度时需要注意
的问题，选项中的动词原形有
com
pare“比较”，find“找到”，adopt“采纳”，分别带
入原文，只有
adopt
最符合原文意思，故选
O).
3.
选<
/p>
H)
。此处应填名词。从原文看，
and
连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与
and
后面的
ways
意思一致，选项中的名词只有
mathod = ways
，故选
H)method
。
4.
选
I)
。此处
应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表
现的方法，说的是
制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，
劳资双方先期达
成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词
useful
和
successful
，
I)secces
sful
更符合原文意思。
5.
选
D)
。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是
point“分值”，把分
值
...
起来
to give
a total value
得出总分值
，选项中有
added
和
combined
，前者指“把
...
相加”，后者
意为“把
...
< br>结合在一起”，原文指将分值相加得出总分，故
D)added
< br>最符合文意。
6.
选
M)
。此处应填名
词。首先
solve
problem“解决问题”是经理们应
具备的能力，选
项中的
capacity
与
ability
都可以表示“能力”;前者强调的是理解的
能力和接受事物的能
力，而后者强调实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用
M)ability
。
7.
选<
/p>
F)
。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理
的工作得分不需
要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”without
reference to
为固定搭配，意思是“与
...
无
关”。故选
F)reference
。
8.
选
A)
。
此处应填动词原形。
原句中出现了
the
value
of
each
job“每种工作的价值”
和
these
in the job market“工作市场上的
(
工作价
值)”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价
值来计算工资制度。选项中只有
< br>compare
表示“比较”，所以
A)
正确。
9.
选
K)
。
此处应填副词，
修饰整句话。
“报酬要随工作表现各方
面的不同而有所改变”，
选项中
Necessarily“必须
地”与
Basically“基本地”为副词，
分别带入原文，
“报酬
...
的变化是必须的”更符合
上下文意思，故排除
N),
选
K)
。
10.
选
G)
。此处应
填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即
simple
to
measure
the
work
done
易于评估的工作
，
通常用现金奖励办法
;
而...measurement
is
difficult“难于评估的”，
说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直
接，
因而是间接的，
故选项中只有
G)
indirect
符合原句的意思。
Now let us look at how we read. When we
read a printed text, our eyes move across
a
page
in
short,
jerky
movement.
We
recognize
words
usually
when
our
eyes
are
still
when they fixate. Each time they
fixate, we see a group of words. This is known
as the recognition span or the visual
span. The length of time ofr which the eyes
stop
---the
duration
of
the
fixation
----varies
considerably
from
person
to
person.
It also vaies within any one person
according to his purpose in reading and his
familiarity with the text. Furthermore,
it can be affected by such factors as
lighting and tiredness.
Unfortunately,
in
the
past,
many
reading
improvement
courses
have
concentrated
too
much
on
how
our
eyes
move
across
the
printed
page.
As
a
result
of
this
misleading
emphasis on the purely visual aspects
of reading, numerous exercises have been
devised to train the eyes to see more
words at one fixation. For instance, in some
exercises, words are flashed on to a
screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of
a second. One of the exercises has
required students to fix their eyes on some
central point, taking in the words on
either side. Such word patterns are often
constructed in the shape of rather
steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and
more words at each successive fixation.
All these exercises are very clever, but
it’s
one
thing
to
improve
a
person’s
ability
to
see
words
and
quite
another
thing
to improve his ability
to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the
ability
to understand the relationship
between words. Consequently, for these reasons,
many
experts
have
now
begun
to
question
the
usefulness
of
eye
training,
especially
since any approach which trains a
person to read isolated words and phrases would
seem unlikely to help him in reading a
continuous text.
Q:
1. The time of the recognition span can
be affected by the following facts
except ________ .
A. one’s familiarity with
the text
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：英语单词词根记忆大全
下一篇：航海英语专业常用词汇 Mairtime