英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析

【

2011

年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析< /p>

b

】

Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in

their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily

began

cutting

down

their

nightly

sleep

time

because

of

pressures

from

school,

work,

and

other

activities.

These

men

tended

to

view

their

nightly

periods

of

unconsciousness

as

bothersome

interruptions in their daily routines.

In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic,

cheerful, conformist(

不

动摇

) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at

once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to

appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their

friends and associates.

When

asked

to

recall

their

dreams,

the

“short

sleepers”

did

poorly.

More

than

this,

they

seemed

to

prefer

not

remembering.

In

similar

fashion,

their

usual

way

of

dealing

with

psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope

that the trouble would go away.

The

sleep

patterns

of

the

“short

sleepers”

were

similar

to,

but

less

extreme

than,

sleep

patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(

疯人

).

The “long sleepers” were

quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these

young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it,

and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly

bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”

Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (

内向

), inhibited (

压抑

), passive,

mildly

depressed,

and

unsure

of

themselves

(particularly

in

social

situations).

Several

openly

states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.

1. According to the report,______.

A) many short sleepers need less sleep by nature

B) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy

with their work

C) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day

D) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood

2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _____.

A) sleep is a withdrawal from the reality

B) sleep interferes with their sound judgement

C) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program

D) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles

3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____.

A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life

B) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep

C) do not know how to relax properly

D) are more unlikely to run into mental problems

4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____.

A) appear disturbed

B) become energetic

C) feel dissatisfied

D) be extremely depressed

5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?

A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened

B) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental

patients

C) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep

D) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest

【答案及详解】

答案：

DCBAB

贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，

“

睡眠少的人

”

在未进 入少年期之前，

其正常睡眠时间大致与所

需要的时间差不多。但 到了

15

岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就 故意

地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。

这些人持有这样的观点：

夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，

打断

了日常 事务。

总的说来，

这些

“

睡眠少的人

”

表现得雄心勃勃、

积极活跃、

精力充沛、

无意识乐观豁达、

立场坚定，对自己职业的 选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，

一边从事专职或兼职工 作。

其中许多人有强烈愿望，

想在朋友和熟人面前表现得

“

正常

”

或

“

合

群

”

。

< br>当让他们回忆梦境时，

“

睡眠少的人

”

回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都

记不住 。

类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：

不承认问题的存 在，

希望只要忙忙碌

碌，麻烦总会过去的。

“

睡眠少的人

”

的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模 式十分相似，

只不过没

有那么严重而已。

“

睡 眠多的人

”

情形则大不相同。

贝克尔和 哈特曼报道说，

这些年轻人从小的，

有抱负的

< br>睡眠就一直很长。

他们好像注重睡眠，

不让睡眠受打搅。

偶尔没有所需的

9

个小时夜间卧床

休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比

“

睡眠少 的人

”

要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多

“

睡眠多的

人

”

腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个

人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。

【

2011

年英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析

c

】

Upon

reaching

an

appropriate

age

(usually

between

18

and

21

years),

children

are

encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and be

gin an independent life. After children leave

home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not

arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get

married,

Romantic

love

is

most

often

the

basis

for

marriage

in

the

United

States;

young

adults

meet their future spouses (

配偶

) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious

institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve

of their choices.

In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves.

A

parent

may

try

to

influence

a

child

to

follow

a

particular

profession

but

the

child

is

free

to

choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in

order

to

assert

their

independence.

A

son

may

deliberately

decide

not

to

go

into

his

father’s

business

because

of

a

fear

that

he

will

lose

his

autonomy

in

his

father’s

workplace

.

This

independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other.

Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American

family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self

–

reliance and

independence.

1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following?

A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses.

B) They want to win the permission of their parents.

C) They have a strong desire to become independent.

D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.

2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ____.

A) love

B) financial concern

C) their parents

D) family background

3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.

A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents

B) most American people never make major decisions for their children

C) American young adults possess cultural values of independence

D) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently

4. A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because _____.

A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school

B) he wants to prove his independence

C) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of

D) he wants to show his love for his parents

5. The subject matter of this selection is _____.

A) family values

B) marriage arrangements

C) the pursuit of a career

D) decision making

【答案及详解】

答案：

CACBA

子女一旦到适当年龄

(

通常是

18

至

21

岁

)< /p>

，要鼓励而不是强迫他们

“

离开窝的，财 政的

巢

”

，开始独立生活。小孩离开家 后，往往在外能够与人交往，并自谋出路。父母不为子女

安排婚姻，

子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，

浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青

年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认识自己的，

爱情的 未来的伴侣。

尽管子女

自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们 的选择。

许多家庭的父母认为，

应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。

家长可能会设法影响

子女去从事某一职业，

但子女也有选择 其它职业的自由。

有时为了证实自己的独立性，

子女