-
GMAT Sentences:
No.
001
Civil
rights
activists
have
long
argued
that
one
of
the
principal
reasons
the
Blacks,
Hispanics,
and
other
minority groups have
difficulty establishing themselves in
business is that they lack access to
the sizable orders and
subcontracts
that are generated by large companies.
No. 002
Fascination with
this ideal has made Americans defy the
“
Old
World
”
categories
of
settled
possessiveness
versus
unsettling
deprivation, the cupidity of retention
versus
the
cupidity of seizure, a
“
status
quo
”
defended or attacked.
No. 003
The
nonstarters
were
considered
the
ones
who
wanted
stability,
a
strong
referee
to
give
them
some
position
in
the
race, a regulative hand to calm manic speculation;
an
authority that can call things to a
halt, begin things again
from
compensatorily staggered
“
starting
lines.
”
No. 004
“
Reform
”
in
America
has
been
sterile
because
it
can
imagine
no
change
except
through
the
extension
of
this
metaphor
of
a
race,
wider
inclusion
of
competitors,
“
a
piece of the
action,
”
as it were, for the
disenfranchised.
No. 005
We have no pride in our growing
interdependence, in the
fact that our
system can serve others, that we are able to
help
those
in
need;
empty
boasts
from
the
past
make
us
ashamed
of
our
present
achievements,
make
us
try
to
forget or deny them, move
away from them.
No. 006
The traditional view supposes that the
upper mantle of the
earth
behaves
as
a
liquid
then
it
is
subjected
to
small
forces for long
periods and that differences in temperature
under
oceans
and
continents
are
sufficient
to
produce
convection
in
the
mantle
of
the
earth
with
rising
convection
currents
under
the
mid-
ocean
ridges
and
sinking currents under the continents.
No. 007
This
view
may
be
correct:
it
has
the
advantage
that
the
currents
are
driven
by
temperature
differences
that
themselves depend on
the position of the continents.
No. 008
The enclosed seas
are an important feature of the
earth
?
s
surface
and
seriously
require
explanation
because,
in
addition
to
the
enclosed
seas
that
are
developing
at
present
behind
islands
arcs,
there
are
a
number
of
older
ones
of
possibly
similar
origin,
such
as
the
Gulf
of
Mexico,
the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea.
No. 009
Furthermore, neutrinos carry with them
information about
the site and
circumstances of their production: therefore,
the
detection
of
cosmic
neutrinos
could
provide
new
information
about
a
wide
variety
of
cosmic
phenomena
and about the
history of the universe.
No. 010
Consequently,
nothing
seems
good
or
normal
that
does
not
accord with the requirements of the free market.
No. 011
Accordingly,
it
requires
a
major
act
of
will
to
think
of
price-fixing (the determination of
prices by the seller) as
both
“
normal
”
and
having a valuable economic function.
No. 012
In
fact,
price-fixing
is
normal
in
all
industrialized
societies
because the industrial system itself provides, as
an
effortless
consequence
of
its
own
development,
the
price-fixing that it requires.
No. 013
That
each large firm will act with consideration of its
own
needs and thus avoid selling its
products for more that its
competitors
?
charge is commonly recognized by advocates
of free-market economic theories.
No. 014
Moreover, those economists who argue
that allowing the
free
market
to
operate
without
interference
is
the
most
efficient
method
of
establishing
prices
have
not
considered
the
economies
of
nonsocialist
countries
other
than the United
States.
No. 015
Synder,
Daly,
and
Bruns
have
recently
proposed
that
caffeine affects
behavior by countering the activity in the
human
brain
of
a
naturally
occurring
chemical
called
adenosine.
No. 016
To
buttress
their
case
that
caffeine
acts
instead
by
preventing adenosine binding, Snyder et
al compared the
stimulatory effects of
a series of caffeine derivatives with
their ability to dislodge adenosine
from its receptors in the
brains of
mice.
No. 017
The
problem
is
that
the
compound
has
mixed
effects
in
the
brain,
a
not
unusual
occurrence
with
psychoactive
drugs.
No. 018
Who
would
want
an
unmarked
pot
when
another
was
available
whose
provenance
was
known,
and
that
was
dated
stratigraphically
by
the
professional
archaeologist
who excavated
it?
No. 019
Federal
efforts
to
aid
minority
businesses
began
in
the
1960s
when
the
Small
Business
Administration
(SBA)
began
making
federally
guaranteed
loans
and
government-sponsored
management
and
technical
assistance
available to minority business enterprises.
No. 020
Recently
federal policymakers have adopted an approach
intended
to
accelerate
development
of
the
minority
business
sector
by
moving
away
from
directly
aiding
small
minority
enterprises
and
toward
supporting
larger,
growth-oriented
minority
firms
through
intermediary
companies.
No. 021
MESBIC
?
s
are
the
result
of
the
belief
that
providing
established
firms
with
easier
access
to
relevant
management
techniques and more job-specific experience,
as well as substantial amounts of
capital, gives those firms
a
greater
opportunity
to
develop
sound
business
foundations that
does simply making general management
experience and small amounts of capital
available.
No. 022
Most
senior
executives
are
familiar
with
the
formal
decision
analysis
models
and
tools,
and
those
who
use
such
systematic
methods
for
reaching
decisions
are
occasionally
leery
of
solutions
suggested
by
these
methods
which
run
counter
to
their
sense
of
the
correct
course of action.
No. 023
But the debate could
not be resolved because no one was
able
to ask the crucial questions in a form in which
they
could be pursued productively.
No. 024
During
the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of
the
“
useful
”
child who contributed to the
family economy
gave
way
gradually
to
the
present-day
notion
of
the
“
useless
”
child who, though
producing no income for, and
indeed
extremely
costly
to,
its
parents,
is
yet
considered
emotionally
“
pric
eless.
”
No. 025
Well established
among segments of the middle and upper
classes
by
the
mid-1800
?
s,
this
new
view
of
childhood
spread
throughout
society
in
the
late-nineteenth
and
early-twentieth
centuries
as
reformers
introduced
child-labor
regulations
and
compulsory
education
laws
predicated
in
part
on
the
assumption
that
a
child
?
s
emotional value made child labor taboo.
No. 026
“
Expulsion of children from
the
?
cash
nexus
?
…
although
clearly
shaped
by
profound
changes
in
the
economic,
occupational,
and
family
structures,
”
Zelizer
maintains,
“
was
also
part
of
a
cultural
process
of
?
sacralization
?
of
children
?
s
lives.
”
No. 027
Protecting children
from the crass business world became
enormously
important
for
late-nineteenth-century
middle-class
Americans,
she
suggest;
this
sacralization
was
a
way
of
resisting
what
they
perceived
as
the
relentless corruption of
human values by the marketplace.
No. 028
The
factors
favoring
unionization
drives
seem
to
have
been either the presence of large
numbers of workers, as
in
New
York
City,
to
make
it
worth
the
effort,
or
the
concentration
of
small
numbers
in
one
or
two
locations,
such as a
hospital, to make it relatively easy.
No. 029
Individual
entrepreneurs
do
not
necessarily
rely
on
their
kin
because
they
cannot
obtain
financial
backing
from
commercial resources.
No. 030
Since
large
bees
are
not
affected
by
the
spraying
of
Matacil,
these
results
add
weight
to
the
argument
that
spraying
where
the
pollinators
are
sensitive
to
the
pesticide used decreases
plant fecundity.
No. 031
The
question
of
whether
the
decrease
in
plant
fecundity
caused
by
the
spaying
of
pesticides
actually
causes
a
decline
in
the
overall
population
of
flowering
plant
species still remains
unanswered.
No.032
Although at first the colonies held
little positive attraction
for the
English
–
they would rather
have stayed home
–
by
the
eighteenth
century
people
increasingly
migrated
to
America
because
they
regarded
it
as
the
land
of
opportunity.
No.
033
If the competitor can prove injury
from the imports
–
and
that the United States company received
a subsidy from a
foreign government to
build its plant abroad
–
the
United
States
company
?
s
products
will
be
uncompetitive
in
the
United States, since
they would be subject to duties.
No. 034
In
addition
many
ethnologists
at
the
turn
of
the
century
believed that Native American manners
and customs were
rapidly disappearing,
and that it was important to preserve
for posterity as much information as
could be adequately
recorded before the
cultures disappeared forever.
No. 035
In such a context,
what is recognized as
“
depen
dency
”
in
Western
psychiatric
terms
is
not,
in
Korean
terms,
an
admission of weakness or failure.
No. 036
And
managers
under
pressure
to
maximize
cost-cutting
will
resist
innovation
because
they
know
that
more
fundamental changes in
processes or systems will wreak
havoc
with the results on which they are measured.
No. 037
Most
novelists
and
historians
writing
in
the
early
to
mid-twentieth century who
considered women in the West,
when
they
considered
women
at
all,
fell
under
Turner
?
s
spell.
No. 038
In
addition,
the
ideal
of
six
CEO
?
s
(female
or
male)
serving on the board of each of the
largest corporations is
realizable only
if every CEO serves on six board.
No. 039
Increasingly,
historians
are
blaming
diseases
imported
from the Old World
for the staggering disparity between
the
indigenous
population
of
America
in
1492
–
new
estimates
of
which
soar
as
high
as
100
million,
or
approximately one-sixth of the human
race at that time
–
and the few million full-blooded Native
Americans alive
at the end of the
nineteenth century.
No. 040
Virgin-soil
epidemics
are
those
in
which
the
populations
at risk have had
no previous contact with the diseases that
strike
them
and
are
therefore
immunologically
almost
defenseless.
No.
041
Spanish tribute records
…
The evidence provided by
the
documents
of
British
and
French
colonies
is
not
as
definitive
because
the
conquerors
of
those
areas
did
not
establish
permanent
settlements
and
begin
to
keep
continuous
records
until
the
seventeenth
century,
by
which
time
the
worst
epidemics
had
probably
already
taken place.
No.
042
Unfortunately,
the
documentation
of
these
and
other
epidemics
is
slight
and
frequently
unreliable,
and
it
is
necessary
to
supplement
what
little
we
do
know
with
evidence from recent epidemics among
Native Americans.
No. 043
Scientists have begun to suspect that
this intergalactic gas
is
probably
a
mixture
of
gases
left
over
from
the
“
big
bang
”
when the
galaxies were formed and gas was forced
out of galaxies by supernova
explosions.
No. 044
He noted that the wavelengths of the
radiation emitted by
a gas would change
as the gas cooled, so that as the gas
flowed into the galaxy and became
cooler, it would emit
not x-rays, but
visible light, like that which was captured
in the photographs.
No. 045
Transported
outside
the
nucleus
to
the
cytoplasm,
the
mRNA
is
translated
into
the
protein
it
encodes
by
an
organelle
known
as
a
ribosome,
which
strings
together
amino
acids
in
the
order
specified
by
the
sequence
of
elements in the mRNA
molecule.
No. 046
However,
recent
investigations
have
shown
that
the
concentrations
of
most
mRNA
?
s
correlate
best,
not
with
their
synthesis
rate,
but
rather
with
the
equally
variable
rates at which
cells degrade the different
mRNA
?
s in their
cytoplasm.
No.
047
If a cell degrades both a rapidly
and a slowly synthesized
mRNA
slowly,
both
mRNA
?
s
will
accumulate
to
high
levels.
No. 048
For
instance,
the
mass-production
philosophy
of
United
States
automakers encouraged the production of huge lots
of
cars
in
order
to
utilize
fully
expensive,
component-specific
equipment
and
to
occupy
fully
workers who have been
trained to execute one operation
efficiently.
No.
049
Japanese automakers chose to make
small-lot production
feasible
by
introducing
several
departures
from
United
States
practices,
including
the
use
of
flexible
equipment
that
could
be
altered
easily
to
do
several
different
production
tasks
and
the
training
of
workers
in
multiple
jobs.
No. 050
Automakers
could
schedule
the
production
of
different
components
or
models
on
single
machines,
thereby
eliminating
the
need
to
store
the
buffer
stocks
of
extra
components
that
result
when
specialized
equipment
and
workers are kept
constantly active.
No. 051
In
recent
studies,
however,
we
have
discovered
that
the
production
and
release
in
brain
neurons
of
the
neurotransmitter
serotonin
(neurotransmitters
are
compounds
that
neurons
use
to
transmit
signals
to
other
cells) depend directly on the food that
the body processes.
No. 052
Our first studies sought to determine
whether the increase
in serotonin
observed in rats given a large injection of the
amino
acid
tryptophan
might
also
occur
after
rats
ate
meals
that change tryptophan levels in the blood.
No. 053
The
consumption of protein increases blood
concentration
of the other amino acids
much more, proportionately, than
it
does that of tryptophan.
No. 054
The revisionist view
of Jim Crow legislation grew in part
from
the
research
that
Woodward
had
done
for
the
NAACP legal campaign during its
preparation for
Brown
v.
Board of Education.
No. 055
Woodward
confessed
with
ironic
modesty
that
the
first
edition
“
had
begun to suffer under some of the handicaps
that
might
be
expected
in
a
history
of
the
American
Revolution
published in 1776.
”
No. 056
Yet,
like
Paine,
Woodward
had
an
unerring
sense
of
the
revolutionary
moment,
and
of
how
historical
evidence
could
undermine
the
mythological
tradition
that
was
crushing
the dreams of new social possibilities.
No. 057
Joseph
Glarthaar
?
s
Forged
in
Battle
is
not
the
first
excellent study of Black soldiers and
their White officers
in
the
Civil
War,
but
it
uses
more
soldiers
?
letters
and
diaries
–
including rare material from Black soldiers
–
and
concentrates
more
intensely
on
Black-While
relations
in
Black regiments that do
any of its predecessors.
No. 058
While
perhaps
true
of
those
officers
who
joined
Black
units
for
promotion
or
other
self-serving
motives,
this
statement
misrepresents
the
attitudes
of
the
many
abolitionists who became officers in
Black regiments.
No. 059
Moreover,
arguments
pointing
out
the
extent
of
both
structural
and
functional
differences
between
eukaryotes
and
true
bacteria
convinced
many
biologists
that
the
precursors of the
eukaryotes must have diverged from the
common ancestor before the bacteria
arose.
No. 060
New
techniques
for
determining
the
molecular
sequence
of
the
RNA
of
organisms
have
produced
evolutionary
information
about
the
degree
to
which
organisms
are
related,
the
time
since
they
diverged
from
a
common
ancestor,
and
the
reconstruction
of
ancestral
versions
of
genes.
No. 061
These
techniques
have
strongly
suggested
that
although
the
true
bacteria
indeed
form
a
large
coherent
group,
certain
other
bacteria,
the
archaebacteria,
which
are
also
prokaryotes and which resemble true
bacteria, represent a
distinct
evolutionary
branch
that
far
antedates
the
common ancestor of all true bacteria.
No. 062
The new
tax law allowed corporations to deduct the cost
of
the
product
donated
plus
half
the
difference
between
cost
and
fair
market
selling
price,
with
the
proviso
that
deductions cannot
exceed twice cost.
No. 063
Unfortunately, emancipation has been
less profound than
expected, for not
even industrial wage labor has escaped
continued sex segregation in the
workplace.
No. 064
To
explain
this
unfinished
revolution
in
the
status
of
women, historians have
recently begun to emphasize the
way a
prevailing definition of femininity often
determines
the
kinds
of
work
allocated
to
women,
even
when
such
allocation is inappropriate to new
conditions.
No. 065
For instance, early textile-mill
entrepreneurs, in justifying
women
?
s
employment
in
wage
labor,
made
much
of
the
assumption that women were by nature
skillful at detailed
tasks and patient
in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill
owners thus imported into the new
industrial order hoary
stereotypes
associated
with
the
homemaking
activities
they presumed to
have been the purview of women.
No. 066
More remarkable than
the origin has been the persistence
of
such sex segregation in twentieth-century
industry.
No. 067
According
to
a
recent
theory,
Archean-age
gold-quartz
vein systems were formed over two
billion years ago from
magmatic
fluids
that
originated
from
molten
granitelike
bodies deep beneath the surface of the
Earth.
No. 068
However,
none
of
these
high-technology
methods
are
of
any value if the sites to which they
are applied have never
mineralized,
and
to
maximize
the
chances
of
discovery
the
explorer
must
therefore
pay
particular
attention
to
selecting
the
ground
formations
most
likely
to
be
mineralized.
No. 069
In
order
for
the
far-
ranging
benefits
of
individual
ownership
to
be
achieved
by
owners,
companies,
and
countries,
employees
and
other
individuals
must
make
their own decisions to
buy, and they must commit some of
their
own resources to the choice.
GRE Sentences:
No. 001
That
sex
ratio
will
be
favored
which
maximizes
the
number of descendants an individual
will have and hence
the number of gene
copies transmitted.
No. 002
Hardy
?
s
weakness
derived
from
his
apparent
inability
to
control
the
comings
and
goings
of
these
divergent
impulses
and
from
his
unwillingness
to
cultivate
and
sustain the energetic and risky ones.
No. 003
Virginia
Woolf
?
s
provocative
statement
about
her
intentions
in
writing
Mrs.
Dalloway
has
regularly
been
ignored by the critics, since it
highlights an aspect of her
literary
interests very different from the traditional
picture
of the
“
p
oetic
”
novelist concerned
with examining states
of
reverie
and
vision
and
with
following
the
intricate
pathways of
individual consciousness.
No. 004
As
she
put
it
in
The
Common
Reader
,
“
It
is
safe
to
say
that
not
a
single
law
has
been
framed
or
one
stone
set
upon another because of anything
Chaucer said or wrote;
and
yet,
as
we
read
him,
we
are
absorbing
morality
at
every
pore.
”
No. 005
With the conclusion
of a burst of activity, the lactic acid
level is high in the body fluids,
leaving the large animal
vulnerable
to
attack
until
the
acid
is
reconverted,
via
oxidative metabolism, by the liver into
glucose, which is
then
sent
(in
part)
back
to
the
muscles
for
glycogen
resynthesis.
No.
006
Although
Gutman
admits
that
forced
separation
by
sale
was
frequent,
he
shows
that
the
slaves
?
preference,
revealed
most
clearly
on
plantations
where
sale
was
infrequent, was very much for stable
monogamy.
No. 007
Gutman argues convincingly that the
stability of the Black
family
encouraged
the
transmission
of
–
and
so
was
crucial
in
sustaining
–
the
Black
heritage
of
folklore,
music,
and
religious
expression
from
one
generation
to
another, a heritage that slaves were
continually fashioning
out of their
African and American experiences.
No. 008
This preference for
exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have
derived
from
West
African
rules
governing
marriage,
which,
though
they
differed
from
one
tribal
group
to
another,
all
involved
some
kind
of
prohibition
against
unions with close kin.
No. 009
His
thesis
works
relatively
well
when
applied
to
discrimination against Blacks in the
United States, but his
definition
of
racial
prejudice
as
“
racially-based
negative
prejudgements
against
a
group
generally
accepted
as
a
race
in
any
given
region
of
ethnic
competition,
”
can
be
interpreted as also including hostility
toward such ethnic
groups
as
the
Chinese
in
California
and
the
Jews
in
medieval Europe.
No. 010
Such
variations
in
size,
shape,
chemistry,
conduction
speed,
excitation
threshold,
and
the
like
as
had
been
demonstrated
in
nerve
cells
remained
negligible
in
significance for any
possible correlation with the manifold
dimensions of mental experience.
No. 011
It
was
possible
to
demonstrate
by
other
methods
refined
structural
differences among neuron types; however, proof
was lacking that the quality of the
impulse or its condition
was
influenced
by
these
differences,
which
seemed
instead
to
influence
the
developmental
patterning
of
the
neural
circuits.
No. 012
Although qualitative variance among
nerve energies was
never
rigidly
disproved,
the
doctrine
was
generally
abandoned
in
favor
of
the
opposing
view,
namely,
that
nerve
impulses
are
essentially
homogeneous
in
quality
and
are transmitted as
“
common
currency
”
throughout the
nervous system.
No. 013
Other
experiments
revealed
slight
variations
in
the
size,
number,
arrangement,
and
interconnection
of
the
nerve
cells,
but
as
for
as
psychoneural
correlations
were
concerned, the obvious
similarities of these sensory fields
to
each other seemed much more remarkable than any of
the minute differences.
No. 014
Although
some
experiments
show
that,
as
an
object
becomes
familiar,
its
internal
representation
becomes
more holistic and
the recognition process correspondingly
more parallel, the weight of evidence
seems to support the
serial hypothesis,
at least for objects that are not notably
simple and familiar.
No. 015
In large part as a
consequence of the feminist movement,
historians have focused a great deal of
attention in recent
years on
determining more accurately the status of women
in various periods.
No. 016
If
one
begins
by
examining
why
ancients
refer
to
Amazons,
it
becomes
clear
that
ancient
Greek
descriptions of such
societies were meant not so much to
represent
observed
historical
fact
–
real
Amazonian
societies
–
but
rather
to
offer
“
moral
lessons
”
on
the
supposed
outcome of women
?
s rule in
their own society.
No. 017
Thus,
for
instance,
it
may
come
as
a
shock
to
mathematicians to learn that the
Schrodinger
equation for
the hydrogen atom is not a literally
correct description of
this atom, but
only an approximation to a somewhat more
correct equation taking account of
spin, magnetic dipole,
and relativistic
effects; and that this corrected equation is
itself only an imperfect approximation
to an infinite set of
quantum field-
theoretical equations.
No.
018
The
physicist
rightly
dreads
precise
argument,
since
an
argument
that is convincing only if it is precise loses all
its
force
if
the
assumptions
on
which
it
is
based
are
slightly changed, whereas an argument
that is convincing
though
imprecise
may
well
be
stable
under
small
perturbations of its underlying
assumptions.
No. 019
However,
as
they
gained
cohesion,
the
Bluestockings
came
to
regard
themselves
as
a
women
?
s
group
and
to
possess
a
sense
of
female
solidarity
lacking
in
the
salonnieres
,
who
remained
isolated
from
one
another
by
the primacy each held in
her own salon.
No. 020
As
my
own
studies
have
advanced,
I
have
been
increasingly
impressed
with
the
functional
similarities
between
insect
and
vertebrate
societies
and
less
so
with
the
structural
differences
that
seem,
at
first
glance,
to
constitute such an immense gulf between
them.
No. 021
Although
fiction
assuredly
springs
from
political
circumstances, its authors react to
those circumstances in
ways other than
ideological, and talking about novels and
stories
primarily
as
instruments
of
ideology
circumvents
much of the fictional enterprise.
No. 022
Is
this
a
defect,
or
are
the
authors
working
out
of,
or
trying to forge, a different kind of
aesthetic?
No. 023
In
addition,
the
style
of
some
Black
novels,
like
Jean
Toomer
?
s
Cane
,
verges
on
expressionism
or
surrealism;
does
this
technique
provide
a
counterpoint
to
the
prevalent theme that
portrays the fate against which Black
heroes
are
pitted,
a
theme
usually
conveyed
by
more
naturalistic modes of expression?
No. 024
Black
Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing
to
our
attention
in
the
process
some
fascinating
and
little-known
works
like
James
Weldon
Johnson
?
s
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