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第一章
英语测试概述
1.
四种英语语言测试法：
写作
--
翻译法
（
the essay-translation approach
）
；
结构主义
/
心理测试法
（
the
structuralist-psychometric
a
pproach
）
；综合测试法（
th
e
integrative
approach
）
；交际测试法（
the
communicative
approach
）
2.
交际语言能力模式
(communicative
language
ability
model)--Bachman
提出
--
建立在语言能力可
分隔性假说（
the
divisibility hypothesis
）之上。
模式包括三个组成部分：语言能力
(language
competence)
，策略能力
(strategic c
ompetence)
和心
理生理机制
(psychophysiological mechanisms)
第二章
考试功能及其类别
1.
Measurement
（测量）
,
test
（考试）
,
evaluation
（评估）
2.
Test functions
(1) pedagogical
functions
：
A
means
to ensure effective
teaching
；
To improve teaching
quality
；
To
obtain
feedback on Ss' learning
progress
；
To validate
teaching programmes
(2) research functions -- a
common means of measurement in research studies.
3.
Test categories
(1)
按
test
purpose
分
: proficiency tests,
achievement tests, placement tests, diagnostic
tests.
(2)
按
test
construction
分
: direct tests,
indirect tests.
(3)
按
test
format
分
: discrete-point
tests, integrative tests.
(4)
按
scoring
分
:
objective tests, subjectives.
(5)
按
score
interpretation
分
: norm-
referenced tests, criterion-referenced tests.
第三章
考试要素
1.
Maintaining or
evaluating test quality
(1) Reliability refers to consistency
of test results.
(2) V
alidity is
regarded as the extent to which a test measures
what it is intended to measure.
(3)
Authenticity
is seen as the
correspondence between features of test tasks and
those of non-test
tasks. (4)
Interactiveness is viewed as the extent of
involvement of Ss in completing a test task.
(5)
Washback means the impact that a test may exert on
teaching or learning.
(6) Practicality
refers
to
the
degree
to which
a
test
accommodates
the
practical
constraints
in
test
administration. (7)
Overall usefulness
2.
Test
validity(
考
试
效
度
)
：
face
validity--
surface
credibility
or
public
acceptability
< br>；
content
validity--
representativeness and sampling
adequacy
；
criterion-related
validity
第四章
考试规范的制定
1.
为什么需要考试规范
(test specification
)
？
--
考试效度，总体设计，考试评
估，考试稳定性
2.
The contents of test specification:
test purpose, test domain, test taker, test
content, test method, test
tasks
and
item
types,
test
organization
and
weighting,
time
duration,
scoring
criteria,
test
administration, test
development chart.
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