第11章second language acquisiton

第十一章

second language acquisition

考点：

第一语言习得与第二语言习得之间的联系；

错误分析；

中介语；

本族语在第

二语言习得中的作用；

二语习得的模式和输入假说；个体差异

第二语言习得定义

(

二十世纪七十年代确立

)

SLA: Second Language Acquisition

1.

第一语言习得与第二语言习得之间的联系：

Connection

: the first language served as a

backcloth

for

perceiving

and

understanding

new facts about second language learning.

Difference

:

second

language

learners

generally

fail

to

attain

the

native-like competence

. The language they produce calls

interlanguage

,

which tends to be

fossilized

and

stabilized

at a certain level.

2. contrasive analysis

对比分析

Starting with describing

comparable features

between two languages(such

as

tense,

words

expression).

Contrastive

analysis

compares

forms

and

meaning

between two languages to spot

mismatches and differences

.

3. Error analysis:

错误分析

（

1

）

tells teachers

what needs to be taught

（

2

）

tell researcher how the

learning proceeds

（

3

）

are

means

how

learners

test

their

hypothese

s

about

language

to

be

learnt.

A:

interlingual

errors

：

results

from

the

cross-linguistic

interferenc

e

at

different levels, such as

phonological

,

lexical

,

grammatical

.

B:

intralingual

errors:

results

from

the

faulty

or

partial

learning

of

the

target language, which is

independent of the native language

.

（

）

overgeneralization

:

the

use

of

previously

available

strategies

in

new

situation.

（

2

）

cro ss-association

:

some

words

similar

in

meaning,

spelling,

and

pronunciation

,

which

leads

to

confusion

,

this

aspect

calls

internal

interference.

4. interlanguage

中介语

learners

’

independent system of the language

which is of neither native

language nor second language. It calls continuum or

approximation

.

Features:

(1)systematicity