-
中考英语语法总复习专题
1-1
名词详解及专练
(
一)名词分类及单复数
I.
名词的种类:
类
别
专有名词
名
词
可
个体名词
数
名
词
集合名词
普通
表示一群人或一些事物的总称
意
义
例
词
表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、
Jim
,
China,
Qingdao,
the
UK, the
机构、团体等的专有名称
表示单个人的人或事物
Great Wall
girl, student, factory,
desk, cat , country
people, police, team,
clothes, group, crew
water, ice, pork,
cheese,
cotton, air
fun,
healthy, happiness, courage,
love, care
名词
不
物质名词
可
数
名
词
抽象名词
表示无法分为个体的物质
表示抽象概念的词
注:
1.
专有名词是指人、地方、团
体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大
写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。
2.
有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它不大写。
3.
有些不可数名
词有时表示为具体的东西时,
则变为可数名词,
而且以
四上也有了变化。
eg. beer ----a beer
一杯啤酒,
work--- a work
工厂,著作
,
glass---a glass
一个玻璃杯,
room
空间
---a
room
一个房间
II.
名词的数:
可数名词有单、
复数两种形式:<
/p>
可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加
“a
或
an”;
名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1
.
有规则变化复数形式是在名词后加
“
-s
或
-
es
”,
现将构成规则列表如下:
规则
1
2
一般情况在词尾加
-s
以
s, x, ch,
sh
结尾的名词后加
-es
例词
map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-
days
class-classes, box-
boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
(注:
但
stomach-
stomachs
例外)
变
-f
和
-fe
p>
为
v
再加
-es
leaf-leaves, thief-
thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves,
wife-wives
belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-
proofs, roof-roofs,
加
-s
gulf-
gulfs
,
serf-serfs,
safe
(保险箱)→ safes
handkerchief
(手帕,手绢)的复数形式两者都可以
3
以
-f
或
-fe
< br>结尾的
4
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的名词,变
y
为
i
加
-es
party-parties, family-
families, story-stories,
city-cities
5
以元音字母加
y
结尾的名词,
或专有名
词以
y
结尾的,
toy-toys,
boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
加
-s
一般加
-es
< br>以辅音字母加
-o
结
尾的名词<
/p>
不少外来词加
-s
两者皆可
hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-
potatoes,
tomato-tomatoes
piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos,
kilo-kilos,
zero-
zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
(
火山
)
radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
6
7
以元音字母加
-o
结尾的名词加
-s
2
.不规则名词复数:
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
规则
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
例词
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-
geese, mouse-mice ,
child-
children , tooth →
teeth 等
sheep,
deer,
series,
means,
works,
fish,
species
li,
yuan,
jin,
Chinese
,
Japanese
trousers, clothes, thanks,
goods, glasses, compasses
people, police, cattle
2
3
4
单复数相同
只有复数形式
一些集体名词总是用作复数
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数
audience, class, family, crowd, couple,
group, committee,
(成员)
government, population,
crew, team, public, enemy, party
customs(
海关
),
forces(
军队
),
times(
时代
),
drinks(
饮料
),
6
复数形式表示特别含义
sands(
沙滩
),
papers(
文件报纸
),
manners(
礼貌
),
looks(
外表
),
brains(
头脑智力
),
greens(
青菜
),
ruins(
废墟
)
加
-s
7
表示“某
国人”
单复数同形
Americans,
Australians,Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
Swiss, Portuguese,
Chinese, Japanese
以
-man
或
-woman
结尾
的改为
-men,-women
Englishmen,
Frenchwomen
将主体名词变为复数
8
合成名词
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
将两部分变为复数,只有
man, women
sons-in-law,
lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy
friends
grown-
ups, housewives,
women
singers, men servants
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
(
1. Mathematics
______ easy to learn.
A. is
B. are C.
can
D. feels
(
)2.
The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A.
roofs,
leafs
B.
roofs,
leaves C.
rooves,
leafs D.
rooves,
leaves
(
)3. The ant has two ____.
A. stomaches B. stomacks
C. stomach D.
stomachs
(
)4. An old
_______ wants to see you.
A. people
B.
person
C. the
people
D. the person
(
)5. They got much _____
from those new books.
A. ideas
B.
photos
C.
news
D. stories
(
)6.
I have two _______ and three bottles of _________
here.
A. orange, orange B.
oranges, oranges C.
oranges, orange D. orange,
oranges
(
)7. He
is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in
teaching.
A. many
experiences B. much experience
C. an
experience D. a
lot experience
(
)8. A group of _________
are talking with two ___________.
A.
Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans , Frenchmans C.
Frenchmans ,
Germen D. Germen ,
Frenchmen
(
)9.
Help yourself to ______.
A.
chickens
and
apples B.
chickens
and
apple C.
chicken
and
apple
D. chicken and apples
(
)10. --- What would you
like to drink, girls?
--- _________, please.
A.
Two
cup
of
coffee
B.
Two
cup’s
of
coffee
C.
Two
cups
of
coffee D. Two cups of coffees
09
年各地中考真题
(
)
1.
(2009·广州)
—
You
look
very
tired
this
morning.
What
did
you
do
yesterday
afternoon?
—
I did
Christmas shopping.
A. a lot of
B. a few
of C.
a
number
of
D.
a piece of