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考研英语一真题及答案修订稿

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2021-03-03 07:10
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年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)



真题及答案(完整版)



Text 1





France, which prides itself as the global innovator of


fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute


right


to


define


physical


beauty


for


woman.


Its


lawmakers


gave


preliminary


approval


last


week


to


a


law


that


would


make


it


a


crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.





The parliament also agreed to ban websites that


excessive thinness





Such measures have


a couple of uplifting motives. They


suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with


impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin


models


seems


to


go


beyond


protecting


models


from


starring


themselves


to


health


-as


some


have


done.


It


tells


the


fashion


industry


that


it


move


take


responsibility


for


the


signal


it


sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape


-


measure they must use to determine their individual worth.





The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and


many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their


beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look




to


intangible


qualities


like


character


and


intellect


rather


than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .





The


French


measures,


however,


rely


too


much


on


severe


punishment


to


change


a


culture


that


still


regards


beauty


as


skin-deep-and


bone-showing.


Under


the


law,


using


a


fashion


model


that


does


not


meet


a


government-defined


index


of


body


mess could result in a $$85,000 fine and six months in prison.





The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in


focusing


on


material


adornment


and


idealized


body


types.


In


Denmark,


the


United


States,


and


a


few


other


countries,


it


is


trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images


there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.





In


contrast


to


France's


actions,


Denmark's


fashion


industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age,


health, and other


characteristics of models .The newly revised


Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of


and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has


on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main


toll


of


enforcement


is


to


deny


access


for


designers


and


modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by




the


Danish


Fashion


Institute


.But


in


general


it


relies


on


a


name-and -shame method of compliance.





Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address


the


misuse


of


body


ideals


may


be


the


best


step.


Even


better


would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material


standards of a particular industry.





21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen


in France?





[A] Physical beauty would be redefined





[B] New runways would be constructed





[C] Websites about dieting would thrive





[D] The fashion industry would decline





22. The phrase


meaning to





[A] heightening the value of





[B] indicating the state of





[C] losing faith in







[D] doing harm to





23.


Which


of


the


following


is


true


of


the


fashion


industry





[A] The French measures have already failed





[B] New standards are being set in Denmark





[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure





[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse





24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for





[A] setting perfect physical conditions





[B] caring too much about models' character





[C] showing little concern for health factors





[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models





25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the


text?





[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals





[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France







[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty





[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry



Text 2





For


the


first


time


in


the


history


more


people


live


in


towns


than


in


the


country.


In


Britain


this


has


had


a


curious


result.


While


polls


show


Britons


rate



countryside


alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health


Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this


has limited political support.





A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National


Trust


not to rescue stylish houses but to save


places


for


everyone


forever


It


was


specifically


to


provide


city


dwellers


with


spaces


for


leisure


where


they


could


experience


creation


of


national


parks


and


green


belts.


They


don't


make


countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of


it .It needs constant guardianship.





At the next election none of the big parties seem likely


to


endorse


this


sentiment.


The


Conservatives'


planning


reform


explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,







even authorizing


might


object.


The


concept


of


sustainable


development


has


been


defined


as


profitable.


Labour


likewise


wants


to


discontinue


local


planning


where


councils


oppose


development.


The


Liberal


Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with


those


pleading


for


a


more


considered


approach


to


using


green


land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into


many local conservative parties.





The


sensible


place


to


build


new


houses


factories


and


offices


is


where


people


are


in


cities


and


towns


where


infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed


recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in


the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is


true


of


London


is


even


truer


of


the


provinces.


The


idea


that



The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where


to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural


new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-


of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free


market


but


a


biased


one.


Rural


towns


and


villages


have


grown


and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to




their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban


conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?





Development should be planned,


not let trip, After the


Netherlands,


Britain


is


Europe's


most


crowed


country.


Half


a


century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an


enviable


rural


coherence,


while


still


permitting


low-density


urban


living.


There


is


no


doubt


of


the


alternative-the


corrupted


landscapes


of


southern


Portugal,


Spain


or


Ireland.


Avoiding


this


rather


than


promoting


it


should


unite


the


left


and right of the political spectrum.





26. Britain's public sentiment about the countryside





[A] is not well reflected in politics





[B] is fully backed by the royal family





[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age





[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS





27.


According


to


paragraph


2



the


achievements


of


the


National Trust are now being





[A] largely overshadowed







[B] properly protected





[C] effectively reinforced





[D] gradually destroyed





28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph


3





[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development





[B] The Conservatives may abandon





[C]


Ukip


may


gain


from


its


support


for


rural


conservation





[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence





29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference





[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area





[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis





[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure





[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas



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