高三英语阅读理解人物传记类(1)

2010

英语阅读理解：人物传记类

第一部分

五年高考题荟萃

Passage 1

(09

·浙江

E

篇

)

Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—

a

picture

showing

a

black

X.

But

three

of

these

people

won

the

Nobel

Prize

for

figuring

out

what

the

photo

really

showed

–

the

shape

of

DNA

The

discovery

brought

fame

and

fortune

to

scientists

James

Watson,

Francis

Crick,

and

Maurice

Wilkins.

The

fourth,

the one who actually made the picture, was left out.

Her

name

was

Rosalind

Franklin.”She

should

have

been

up

there,”

says

historian

Ma

ry Bowden.” If her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come

up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of

cancer

four

years

before

the

Nobel

decision.

But

now

scholars

doubt

that

Franklin

was

not

only

robbed

of

her

life

by

disease

but

robbed

of

credit

by

her

competitors

At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and

Click tried

to

make models by

cutting

up

shapes

of

DNA’s

parts

and

then

putting

them

together.

In

the

meantime,

at

King’s

College

in

Londo

n,

Franklin

and

Wilkins

shone

X-rays

at

the

molecule(

分

子

). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape.

But

Wilkins

and

Franklin’s

relationship

was

a

lot

rockier

than

the

celebrated

teamwork

of

Watson

and

Crick,

Wilkins

thought

Franklin

was

hired

to

be

his

assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.

What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one

of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That

angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection sugges

ted that she

would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.”

As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by

cutting

her

out

of

the

little

group

of

researchers,

says

historian

Pnina

Abir-Am.

In

1962

at

the

Nobel

Prize

awarding

ceremony,

Wilkins

thanked

13

colleagues

by

name

before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote

in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution.”

No, Franklin was the solution. “She

contributed more than any other player

to

solving

the

structure

of DNA

.

She

must

be

considered

a

co-

discoverer,”

Abir

-Am

says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a

Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is

finally coming into the light.

57. What is the text mainly about?

A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.

B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.

C. The process of discovering DNA.

D. The race between two teams of scientists.

58. Watson was angry with Franklin because she .

A. took the lead in the competition B. kept her results from him

C. proved some of his findings wrong D. shared her data with other

scientists

59. Why is Franklin described a

s “Dark Lady of DNA”?

A. She developed pictures in dark labs.

B. She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA.

C. Her name was forgotten after her death.

D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.

60. What is the writer’s attitude toward W

ilkins, Watson and Crick?

A. Disapproving. B. Respectful. C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.

答案

57.B 58.C 59.D 60.A

Passage 2

(09

·重庆< /p>

B

篇

)

How to Be a Winner

Sir Steven Redgrave

Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals

“In

1997

I

was

found

to

have

developed

diabetes(糖尿病

).

Believing

my

career

（职业生涯）

was

over,

I

felt

extremely

low.

Then

one

of

the

specialists

said

there

was to no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it

-the

encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am

not

saying

that

it

isn’t

difficult

sometimes.

But

I

wanted

to

prove

to

myself

tha

t

I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”

Karen Pickering

Swimming World Champion

“I

swim

4

hours

a

day,

6

days

a

week.

I

manage

that

sort

of

workload

by

putting

it on top of my diary. This is the key to success-

you can’t follow a career in

any

field

without

being

well-organized.

List

what

you

believe

you

can

achieve.

Trust

yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll

be a step closer to achieving them.”

Kirsten Best

Poet & Writer

“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’

t

achieve

something.

Then,

there

are

other

distractions,

such

as

family

or

hobbies.

The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such

as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It

makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that

can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological

（心理的）

tool”

60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?

A. Difficulties influenced his career.

B. Specialists offered him medical advice.

C. Training helped him defeat his disease.

D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.

61. What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?

A. Her training schedule.

B. Her daily happenings.

C. Her achievements.

D. Her sports career.

does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to？

A. Ways that help one to focus.

B. Words that help one to feel less tense.

C. Activities that turn one's attention away.

D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.

63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?

A. Courage.

B. Devotion.

C. Hard work.

D. Self- confidence.

答案

60.D 61.A 62.C 63.D

Passage 3

(09

·宁夏、 海南

B

篇

)

Computer programmer David Jones earns $$35.000 a year designing new computer

games. yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card

（信用卡）

Instead

he

has

been

told

to

wait

another

two

years

until

he

is

18.

The

16-year- old

works for a small firm in Liverpool where the problem of most young people of his

age

is

finding

a

job

David’s

firm

releases

（推出）

two

new

games

for

the

fast

growing

computer market each month

But

David’s

biggest

head

ache

is

what

to

do

with

his

money.

Even

though

he

earns

a lot he cannot drive a car take out a mortgage

（抵押贷款）

,or get credit cards

David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago ,a year after

leaving school with six O-levels and working

for a time in a computer shop. “I

got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some

programs”

he

said

David

spends

some

of

his

money

on

records

and

clothes

and

gives

his mother 50 pounds a week But most of his spare time is spent working.

“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school “ he said

“But

I

had

been

studying

it

in

books

and

magazines

for

four

years

in

my

spare

time

I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school Most people

in th

is business are fairly young, anyway” David added :”I would like to earn

a million and I suppose early retirement

（退休）

is a possibility You never know

when the market might disappear.”

60

．

In what way is David different from people of his age?

A

．

He often goes out with friends

B

．

He lives with his mother

C

．

He has a handsome income