-
高中英语阅读理解
(
人物故事
< br>)
技巧和方法完整版及练习题
一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类
1
．
阅读理解
A thrilling polar
competition between two adventurers to cross
Antarctica alone, unsupported
and
unassisted had a happy ending with both explorers
achieving the unprecedented feat
(
功绩
).
American
professional athlete Colin O'Brady and British
Army Captain Louis Rudd set off a mile
apart at the same time on November 3,
2018, from the Atlantic coast with the aim to
become the
first person to ski across
the remote continent alone.
Louis
Rudd
maintained
the
lead
at
first.
However,
O'Brady
caught
up
with
Rudd
on
November10
and
never
let
the
British
man
get
close
to
him
again.
O'Brady
was
the
first
to
conquer the 930 mile icy
land, arriving at the Ross Ice Shelf on the
Pacific coast by way of the
South
Pole
on
December
26,
2018.
The
33-year-old
spent
54
days
skiing
the
world's
coldest
continent while
pulling a 300-pound sled(
雪橇
)
with supplies.
Instead
of leaving the harsh environment after completing
the historic adventure, the explorer
set up a tent on the world's largest
ice sheet and waited patiently for Rudd to
complete the great
undertaking. On
December 29, just three days after O'Brady
arrived, the British explorer finished
his adventure, becoming the world's
second person to complete the solo crossing of the
frozen
continent.
Rudd was not disappointed at being
second since he never considered it to be a
the 49-year-old British Army Captain
had a more selfless motive for attempting the
feat. He was
doing it in memory of his
friend Henry Worsley, who had introduced him to
polar exploration. The
disaster
happened while Worsley was trying to cross the
continent alone in 2016. Rudd said,
didn't want to get drawn into a race.
All that mattered to me was that I completed it,
and that I
skied solo and unsupported,
carrying the flag with Henry's name on
it.
After spending a few
days camping 10 feet away from each other, the two
adventurers were
picked up by a
helicopter to the South Pole scientific research
station.
（
1
）
What do Colin O'Brady and Louis
Rudd have in common?
A. They became the first explorers to
cross Antarctica alone, unaided.
B. They became the first adventurers to
ski across Antarctica.
C.
This is the first time that they have arrived at
the South pole.
D. They
crossed Antarctica in honor of their friend Henry
Worsley.
（
2
）
What do you know about the first
leg(
第一段賽程
) of the
race
？
A. O'Brady skied along with Louis Rudd
side by side.
B. O'Brady's
sled with food supplies broke down.
C. Louis Rudd lost the tag with Henry's
name on it.
D. O'Brady fell
behind Louis Rudd for the first week.
<
/p>
（
3
）
What
can we infer about Henry Worsley?
A. He used to encourage O'
Brady to explore the Antarctic.
B. He lost his life in a terrible
traffic accident in 2016.
C.
He died while he was attempting to cross the
Antarctic alone.
D. He
helped Louis Rudd complete the historic
adventure.
（
4
）
How
did the two adventurers return to the South Pole
scientific research station?
A. On foot.
B. By air.
C. By land.
D. By water.
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（<
/p>
2
）
D
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，两个冒险家在无人帮助的情况下独自滑雪穿越南极
大陆，但是两个人的目的不同。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“A thrilling
polar competition betwe
en two
adventurers
to cross Antarctica alone,
unsupported and unassisted had a happy ending with
both explorers
achieving
the
unprecedented
feat (
< br>功绩
).”
以及
“with
the
aim
to
become
the
first
person
to
ski
across the remote continent alone.”
可知，两人的目标都是成为滑雪穿越南极洲的第一人，并
且两人都获得成
功，这是他们的共同之处，故选
A
。
（
2
）考查
推理判断。根据第二段中的
“Louis
Rudd
maintained
the
lead
at
first.
However,
O'Brady
caught
up
with
Rudd
on
November1
0”
以及第一段可知，他们于
11
月<
/p>
3
日出发，
O'Brady
赶上
Louis Rudd
是
11
月
10
日，可以得出，
Louis Rudd
领先时间为一周，故选
D
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的
“
The
disaster
happened
while
Worsley
was
trying
to cross the
continent alone in 2016.”
可知，
Worsley
在
2016
年独自穿越
南极洲的时候遇难，
故选
C
。
（
4
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“After
spending
a
few
days
camping
10
feet
away
from
each other, the two adventurers were picked up by
a helicopter to the South Pole scientific
research station”
可知，最后两人被直升飞
机带去的南极科考站，故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，
是一篇故事类阅读，要求考
准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正
确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
Unbelievable Stories of
Animals Acting Just Like Humans
Horses are picky eaters
Horses have an even better sense of
smell than humans do. When horses raise their
noses and
open their nostrils
(
鼻孔
) , their nervous system
allows them to sense smells we can't sense. This
might explain why they refuse dirty
water and carefully move around meadows, eating
only the
tastiest grasses, experts
say.
Whale says
thanks
In 2011, a whale
expert spotted a humpback whale trapped in a
fishing net and spent an hour
freeing
it.
Afterward,
in
an
hour-long
display
of
thanks,
the
whale
swam
near
their
boat
and
leaped
into the air about 40 times.
Pandas like to be
naughty
Is there
anything more lovely than a baby panda, except
maybe a human baby? In fact, baby
pandas sometimes behave like human
babies. They sleep in the same positions and value
their
thumbs. Pandas are shy by nature
for its shy behaviors such as covering its face
with a paw of
ducking its head when
confronted by a stranger.
A cat honors its owner
Paper towels, and a plastic cup are just a few of
the gifts that Toldo, a devoted three-year-old
gray-and-white cat, has placed on his
former owner Iozzelli Renzo's grave every day
since the man
died in September 2011.
Renzo adopted Toldo from a shelter when the cat
was three months old,
and the two
formed an inseparable bond. After Renzo passed
away, Toldo followed the coffin to
the
cemetery, and now
（
< br>1
）
What can horses do to
pick delicious grasses?
A. Feel them.
B. Taste them.
C. Smell them.
D. Observe them.
（
2
）
What do the
whale and the cat have in common according to the
passage?
A. They
are clever.
B. They have a
grateful heart.
C. They are
active and lovely.
D. They
have a good sense of smell.
（
3
）
Which of the
following acts like a human baby according to the
passage?
A. The
whale. B. The cat.
C. The horse. D. The
panda.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
B
（
3
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，讲述了
4
个令人难以置信的动物与人类行为类似的
故事。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
Horses
are
picky
eaters<
/p>
部分介绍的内容可知，马的嗅觉比人类
还要强。当马抬起鼻子打开
鼻孔时，它们的神经系统让它们感觉到我们感觉不到的气味。
因此它们能够拒绝脏水，只
吃最美味的草。这说明马靠嗅觉辨别草的好坏。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据
Whale
says <
/p>
thanks
可知，这条鲸鱼通过跳跃表达对拯救它的救
命恩人的感激。根据
A
cat
honors
its
owner<
/p>
的内容可知，这只猫到墓地去怀念自己的主
人。由此可知，两者共
同之处在于都有一颗感恩之心。故选
B
。
（
3
）
考查细节理解。根据
Pandas
like
to
be
naughty
中的
“In
fact,
baby
pandas
sometimes
behave like human
babies”
可知，熊猫宝宝的行为与人类的婴儿相似。故选
D
。
【点
评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需
要准
确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
I'd
like
to
share
a
little
story
with
you
about
something
that
happened
when
I
was
four.
I
remember it clearly. Our loving family
dog was nearing the end of his life. My father
picked him
up and put him in a little
bed we had made for him. Our dog, my companion,
whom we had cared
for, bit my father
when he attempted to help him. How could he? Why?
I couldn't understand it. I
didn't like
him anymore.
I
hadn't
thought
about
that
story
for
a
long
time
but
something
that
happened
last
week
brought it back to me.
I went to speak with a friend. When I knocked on
the door, I met in an
instant an angry
look and a few
harsh(
尖刻的
)words. When the
door was slammed(
砰地关上
)in
my face, I stood there shocked, and in
a rush, I was reminded of my dog bit my father 20
years
ago or so. What brought that
story back was that same feeling of
betrayal.
Both stories
taught me something the next day. You see, when I
got up in the morning and was
told my
dog had died, it became clear to me that he must
have been in great pain. For him to
have bitten a family member, he could
not have been himself. Much the same for the other
story
when I learned that my friend's
wife had just left him.
We are all beings of our environments, our
opinions and feelings. And all of those things can
cause
you
to
say
and
do
things
that
can't
be
understood
by
those
who
are
not
in
the
same
situation with
you.
If you meet someone
either behaving out of character or acting in a
way that doesn't seem to
fit the
situation, put out your hand and be patient when
you think it is least possible for him to
do so. You may turn around a story that
has a sad ending simply by your
actions.
（
1
）
What is the influence of the
incident mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A. It hurt his father's
feeling deeply.
B. It has
puzzled the author ever since.
C. It left a deep impression on the
author.
D. It made the
author dislike dogs.
（
2
）
Why
did the author's friend say harsh words to the
author?
A. He
was ill-tempered.
B. He was
suffering the pain of losing his wife.
C. He was bothered by an unexpected
visit.
D. They once
quarreled and he couldn't forgive the
author.
（
3
）
What's the author's advice to us?
A. Help those in
need.
B. Look before you
leap.
C. Respect for others
is a kind of virtue.
D.
Learn to put yourself in others' shoes.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（<
/p>
2
）
B
（
3
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，作者朋友因为失去妻子很痛苦以不友好的态度对待
作者，使作者想起了
20
年前狗狗咬了父亲这件事情，从两件事情中得出了一个道理：很多
因素都会影响人的行为，所以最后总结出，当我们看到别人出乎意料的行为的时候，要以
理解的态度耐心的对待他人。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的
“I'd like to share a little story with you
about something
that happened when I
was four
．
I remember it clear
ly
，
”
可知作者对这件事情的印象很
深刻，
故选
C
。
（
2
）
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Much the same for the
other
story when I learned that
my
friend's
wife
had
just
left
him
，
”
可知作者
的朋友因为失去了妻子而内心很痛苦所以才会
用这样的不友好的态度对待作者，故选
B
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“be patient when you think it is least
possible for him
to
do
so”
，可知当看到别人出乎意料的举动的时候，不要责怪，要耐心地理解
他们，用最
好的方式去对待，故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和
推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考
生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下
文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
Open water
swimming
I had only swum
in open water a few times, and always in gentle
lakes, so I wasn't prepared for
how
rough Lake Windermere appeared on a cold day. A
swimmer told me the water felt colder
than it had been measured, and that the
water was a bit rough. But I, along with 10,000
others,
was about to complete the
challenge.
Most of the
people taking part were doing a one-mile race, and
10 races were planned over the
weekend.
There seemed to be a mix of open-water enthusiasts
alongside complete
beginners
—
which is precisely
the aim of the swims, to get as many people as
possible completing their own
challenge.
The
oldest
woman
competing
was
77,
taking
part
in
the
two-mile
race,
alongside
a
man who last year had swum in every
one-mile race.
I had
chosen the third one-mile race of the day. There
were over 600 people in my race. We
were
taken
through
an
acclimatization
area
a
children's
paddling
pool-sized
part
of
the
lake
where we moved in to
feel how cold the water was.
we headed
out towards the middle of the lake.
We'd been warned that the first 100
metres would be really rough. However, somewhere
near
the 750m mark I was still waiting
for the calm; it felt more like swimming in the
sea than a lake. I
tried to focus on my
breathing and technique, and just keep going. As I
approached the 400m-to-
go mark my lower
right leg became painful. I recalled overhearing
people talking about how they
kept
swimming through the pain, so I tried. But it
didn't work. I began to feel the entire leg tight
and painful. I didn't want to stop, so
I bent my right knee and just kicked with the left
leg.
Finally I saw the
finishing post, and I just concentrated on getting
there
—
still one-legged. My
finishing time was 38 minutes 25
seconds but that didn't
matter
—
the atmosphere was
fantastic
and everyone felt a sense of
achievement, whatever their time. I'm hooked, and
want to give it
another go. I've
already signed up for my next open-water
swim.
（
1
）
How
did the author feel before the race?
A. Scared of the most
challenging race.
B.
Disappointed by the difficult
conditions.
C. Concerned
about the other swimmers in the race.
D. Determined to be as tough as the
people around her.
（
2
）
Why
does the author mention the two people in
Paragraph 2?
A.
To stress the importance of the race.
B. To praise the experienced
swimmers.
C. To show the
wide range of the participants.
D. To introduce the various events of
the race.
（
3
）
The
author suggests in Paragraph 4 that ______.
A. the race would cause
breathing problems
B. the
race became harder than she had
expected
C. it was really
necessary to prepare for tough swims
D. it would have been easier if she had
taken others' advice
（
4
）
What does the author
talk about in the last paragraph?
A. Her confidence in her
own ability. B. Her pride in
having swum so quickly.
C.
Her eagerness to repeat the experience. D.
Her surprise at having managed to
finish.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（
2
）
< br>C
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，作者讲述了参加一英里的天然水域游泳的经历，最
终成功到达终点线。
（
1
）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的
“But
I,
along
with
10,000
others,
was
about
to
complete
the <
/p>
challenge.”
可知，我马上和其他
10000
名游泳者完成这项挑战，故可知，他们
很坚定要
完成这项运动，故选
D
。
（
2
）考查
推理判断。根据第二段中的
“There
seemed
to
be
a
mix
of
open-water
enthusiasts
alongside
complete beginners
—
which is
precisely the aim of the swims, to get as many
people as
possible completing their own
challenge. The oldest woman competing was 77,
taking part in the
two-mile race,
alongside a man who last year had swum in every
one-
mile race.”
可知，参赛者包
括天然水域游泳的爱好者，也包括初学者，也有很多人完成自己的挑战，这里面就有
< br>77
岁
参加
2
< br>英里游泳的老人，也有去年参加一英里的男子，故可知，该比赛参与者范围很广，
故选
C
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“I
recalled
overhearing
people
talking
about
how
they
kept swimming through
the pain, so I tried. But it didn't work. I began
to feel the entire leg tight
and
painful.”
可知，我想起了那些人提及的克服水中抽筋的技巧，但是
没有作用，我感觉整
条腿开始紧张疼痛，故可知，这次比赛比她想象的要艰难，故选
B
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“I'm
hooked,
and
want
to
give
it
another
go.
I've
already signed up for
my next open-
water swim.”
可知，
我被吸引住了，想要再尝试一次，准
备好为下一次游泳比赛报名，故可知，作者为完成比
赛而感到兴奋，也喜欢上了这项运
动，故选
C
< br>。
【点评】本题考点涉及推
理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进
行逻辑推理，从而选出正
确答案。
5
．
阅读理解
About 6 years ago, I
was on a plane next to a woman. I was tired and
wanted to take a nap. But
before I
could go into
We got to talking and
eventually it came up that I had started an
organization in high school
called
R.A.K.E.(Random Acts of Kindness, Etc.). As I
described what we did, Helga got very serious
and told me that she admired me for
that. She told me a story about the last time she
had flown.
She was on the way to
Arizona because she had gotten sudden news that
her dad's health was on
the
decline.
Later
her
father's
physician
called
to
inform
her
that
her
dad had
rather
suddenly
passed away.
For the 3-hour plane ride, she sat in silence
around strangers.
When
she arrived at the airport in Arizona, she walked
to the nearest wall, sat down, and cried.
And
here
is
the
part
I'll
never
forget
about
Helga's
story.
For
2
hours
she
sat
and
wept
while
thousands walked to and fro in the
airport. Helga looked at me and said,
person stopped and asked if I was okay
that day.
need each other. It was that
day I realized that kindness isn't
normal.
Kindness isn't
normal. That has stuck with me all these years
especially now. I work in schools
nationwide speaking about sympathy,
kindness, empathy (
同理心
) and
love. I'm reminded all the
time that,
for many of us, kindness is not usually our
default setting. We spend so much time
worrying about our problems, our lives,
our insecurities, getting to our flight so we walk
by or
ignore people in need of
help.
So,
I've
made
it
my
mission
to
do
my
part
in
sharing
stories
with
students,
teachers,
and
parents about our need
for character and sympathy. I'm always be on the
lookout for the little
opportunities
that surround me every day to do something
nice.
（
1
）
What impressed the author most about
Helga's story?
A. Helga's anxiety over her father's
sudden illness.
B. Helga had
no one to talk to on her flight to
Arizona.
C. Helga was
ignored by people around her when she
cried.
D. Helga couldn't get
over her sadness over her Father's
death.
（
2
< br>）
Which can best explain the
underlined part
A. Usual
way of doing things.
B.
Unexpected way to do things.
C. Ignorance to people
around.
D. Biggest surprise
to others.
（
3
）
What can we know about the
author?
A. He
started many clubs in high school.
B. He used to be a school
teacher.
C. He teaches kids
how to behave well.
D. He is
a promoter of a good cause.
（
4
）
What can be a
suitable title for the text?
A. Comforting People in
Need
B. Making Kindness
Normal
C. Ignoring
Unnecessary Troubles
D.
Practising Kindness on the Plane
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（<
/p>
2
）
A
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，作者乘飞机时和女乘客
Helga
坐在了一起，
Helga
讲述了关于她
的父亲死亡时，她在
Arizona
机场伤心痛苦时，旁
人的态度，使得作者想在
学校组织善行，让学生们用自己的善意去帮助那些需要帮助的人
。
（
1<
/p>
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“
And here is the part I'll never forget
about Helga's
story. For 2 hours she
sat and wept while thousands walked to and fro in
the airport.
”
可
知作者对
Helga
哭泣时来来往往的人漠不关心的态度印象深刻，受到了触动，故选
C
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的
“
We
spend
so
much
time
worrying
about
our
problems, our lives, our
insecurities, getting to our flight so we walk by
or ignore people in
need of
help.
”
可知，我们总是过多的
关注自己，所以行善不是我们通常做事的方式，可推
知选
A
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的
“
I
work
in
schools
nationwide
speaking
about
sympathy,
kindness,
empathy
(
同理心
)
and
love.
”
以及最后一段中的
“
I've
made
it
my
mission to
do my part in sharing stories with students,
teachers, and parents about our
need
for character and sympathy.
”
可知作者是一个好的事业推广者，选
D
。
（<
/p>
4
）考查主旨大意，纵观全文可知。本文通过
Helga
讲述自己的经历，
使
得作者决定要
让善行成为人们习以为常的事，注意关注生活中需要帮助的人，不冷漠以待
。可知选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题
型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括
和归纳，从而选出正确答
案。
6
．
阅读短文，从短文后每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
四个选项中，选出
最佳选项。
One
night I received a Facebook message from Laura, a
former classmate.
Being fond of animals, I knew I
wanted the pig. I just had to figure out how to
make it happen. I
lived in a two-
bedroom single-level house in Georgetwon, Ontario.
It's tough to bring a pig back
to the
house I share with two dogs, two cats, and my
lifelong partner.
But I
was not letting that pig go. So I told Laura I'd
take the animal. When I got home with the
pig,
I
hid
her
in
the
bedroom,
and
began
to
prepare
a
dinner
for
Alisha
—
her
favourite
bacon
cheeseburgers. It's better to make her
happy before introducing the new member to
her.
When I led her to
the bedroom and showed her the surprise, Alisha
stood in the doorway like a
statue.
It
took
her
a
few
seconds
to
know
what
I
had
done.
She
complained
about
my
unreasonable action. She insisted there
was no more room in the house.
I knew I was wrong, but I hoped I
could smooth things over. Soon enough, the lovely
pig did the
smoothing for me. Never had
we felt such joy as she brought to us. We got her
a name
Esther's
arrival
changed
our
lives.
A
few
weeks
later,
we
decided
to
stop
eating
bacon.
We
figured
it
was
our
turn
to
try
to
change
the
world
for
other
animals.
A
few
months
later,
we
moved to a farm where we
cared for abandoned
animals
—
so far, six rabbits,
six goats, two sheep,
one horse, three
cows and three chickens.
（
1
）
Who
does the underlined phrase
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