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初中英语“句型转换”题归类与指导
每年的中
考试卷中,“句型转换”题所占分值较大,是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇(同义或反义)
、短
语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。
Ⅰ
.
题型介绍
所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子
< br>A
,再根据括号内的要求(有时没有明确,须自己观察)
,在第二个句
子
B
的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。
Ⅱ
.
题型分类
从形式上看,有如下几种形式:
①
某一词或词组的转换;
②词组与句子的转换;
③同义句型的转换;
④为纠正常犯语
言错误而设计的题目。
从内容上看,此题型涉及的面较广,主要有:
①
句子功能方面的转换。包括
陈述句(肯定与否定)
、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四种题的转换;
②
句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换;
③
③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动
语态之间的转换;④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。
Ⅲ
.
具体分类如下
一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换
1
、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句,大部分是用
not
来改变谓语结构,但也有借用否定意义的词,如
nothing, nobody,
none,
neither, little, few, never, hardly
等,例如:
Tom does
well in maths
-
-------- Tom
doesn
’
t do in maths.
He has much to do ----------------
H
e has nothing to do.
All of my classmates like art ---- None
of my classmates likes art.
2
、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如:
My brother often has breakfast at
school -------
D
oes your
brother often have breakfast at school?
Tom
’
s already
weak in English
-
----------------
T
om
’
s
already weak in English,
isn
’
t he ?
The
red light changes every two minutes ------- How
often does the red light change?
3
、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如:
This is an interesting book.
---What an interesting book this is!
或
How interesting
this book is!
二、同义句转换
根据上句,写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句,此类形式繁多,内容复杂,涉及面广,归类如下:<
/p>
1
、同义词
或词组之间的转换。(通常上下句时态保持一致)
。
常见的同义
词或词组有:
(1)
四个“花费”(
spend
—
take
—
cost
—
take
)
;
(2)
三个“到达”(
get to<
/p>
—
reach
—
arrive in/at
)
;
(3)
四个“收到…来信”(
hear
from
—
get a letter
from
—
receive a letter
from
—
have a letter
from
)
;
(4)
两个“擅长于…”(
be
good at
—
do well
in
)
;
(5)
两个“有空”(
be
free
—
have
time
)
;
(6)
三个“入睡”(
go to
sleep
—
get to
sleep
—
fall
asleep
)
;
(7)
两个“玩得开心”(
enjoy
oneself
—
have a good
time
)
;
(8)
“给…打电话”(
call
sb
—
telephone
sb
—
ring sb. a
call
—
make a telephone to
sb.
)
(9)
“飞往…”(
fly
to
…—
go
to
…
by
air/plane
)
(10)
“自学”(
teach on
eself
—
learn
…
by oneself
)
(11)
在…方面帮助
help
…
with
…—<
/p>
help
…
(to)do
…
(12)
在…差
be weak in
…—
do
badly in
…
(13)
能
/
会…
can
—
be able to
(14)
更喜欢…
like
…
better t
han
…—
prefer
…
to
…
(15)
充满了…
be full
of
…—
be filled
with
…
1
(16)
放弃干…
give up
doing
…—
stop
doing
…
(17)
不
再
…
no
longer
—
not
…
any longer
(18)<
/p>
照顾
/
保管
take care
of
…—
look after
(19)
展览
on show
—
on
display
(20)
阻止…干…
stop
…
from doing
—<
/p>
keep/prevent
…
from
doing
…
(21)
由于
thanks to
—
because
of
…
(22)
举手
hands up
—
put up
one
’
s hands
(23)
最后,终于
at
last
—
in the end
(24)
与…不同
be different
from
…—
be not the same
as
…
(25)
从…借入…
borrow
…
from
…—
lend
…
to
…
(26)
乘公汽
/
火车
/
的士
go to
…
by
bus/train/taxi
—
take a bus
/train/taxi to
…
(27)
乘自行车去…
go to
…
by
bike
—
ride a bike
to
…
(28)
为…感到自豪
be proud of
…—
be
the pride of
…
(29)
步行去…
walk to
…—
go
to
…
on foot
(30)
独自地
by oneself
—
alone
等。
(31)
多于,超过
over = more than
例如:
A
:
The children
had a good time in the park.
B
:
The children
enjoyed themselves in the park.
3
、反义词之间的转换
常见的反义词或反义词组有:
(
1
)
catch up with/fall behind
(
2
)
the same as/different from
例如:
Tom borrowed
a story book from the boy just now.
The
boy
a story book
Tom just
now.
(
Borrow
…
from
…与
lend
…
.
To
…之间的转换)
4
、运用派生词或多义词改写:
如:
The snow was
heavy last night.
(改写同义句)
=It
snowed heavily last night.
The rain was
heavy yesterday evening. =It
yesterday
evening.
5
、同义句型之
间的转化
常见的同义句型有:
①
It seems that
从句→
Somebody
seems
(
to
be
)
+adj/n
②
It
’
s
kind of sb. to do
…→
Somebody
is kind to do
…
③
What does
…
mean?
→
What do you mean
by
…
?
或
What
’
s the
meaning of
…
?
④
There is something wrong
with
…→
Something is wrong
with
…
⑤
not
…
until
…与
when/after/before
引导的时间状语从句的转换
⑥
What
’
s wrong with
…
?
→
What
p>
’
s the matter
with
…
?
⑦
How is
…
?
→
What
’
< br>s
…
like
…
?
⑧
How do you like
…
?
→
What do
you think of?
⑧
It
’
s
time that
…→
It
’
s time for sb. to
do
…
⑨
It
’
s
said that
…→
People say
that
…
⑩
Can I help you?
→
What can I do for you?
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