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2011年阅读真题解析(MBA英语)

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2021-03-03 02:41
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2021年3月3日发(作者:舌战群儒)

















2011


年阅读真题讲解



Passage One


生词释义



1. Goldman Sachs' board:


高盛公司的董事会



2. outside director:


外部董事



3. to manage:


(成功地)设法做到















fail to do


正好相反





# manage to do sth:


设法做到


sth




# manage sth:


设法(做到)



sth






* How do you manage to stay so slim?


你是如何做到保持这么苗条的?



* We somehow


managed


to persuade him




我们设法说动了他。



* Tom


managed


two


goals


in the


last ten


minutes. Tom


在最后十分钟之内设法进了


两个球。



* I don't know how I'll


manage it


, but I'll be there.


我不知道如何应对,



但是我会


到达那里的。






*


to manage two roles


:


设法应对好两个角色



4.



criticism:


(名词)批评






to criticize: (


动词)



5.



be under fire for sth :


因为


sth


受到 谴责


= be criticized for



6.



to sit on/in:


在(



机构中)



担任成员



* He was the first journalist to sit in parliament.


他是第一个在国会中任职的记者。




* to sit on the committee:


在委员会中任职



7.



compensation: (


名词)



1)


补偿











2


)(文中含义)



薪酬



8.



committee:


委员会



9.



bonus:


奖金



10.



payout:


付出的巨款



11.



to remark:


说,



评论





*


'This house must be very old,' he remarked.


# remark that



*Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.


安德森


离开桌子,



说他有些事情要做。



#remark on/upon



评论



*He


remarked


on the


difference


in


security


measures


at


the


two


airports.


他对两个机场的安检措施的差异做了评论



* let sth pass unremarked:


(文中短语)



sth


不做评论,



就任它了事了




1


Ruth Simmons joined


Goldman Sachs’s board


as an outside director


in January 2000:


a year


later she became president of


Brown University. For the rest


of the decade she


apparently


managed


both


roles


without


attracting


much


criticism.


But


by


the


end


of


2009


Ms.


Simmons


was


under


fire


for


having


sat


on


Goldman’s


compensation


committee;


how could she


have


let those enormous bonus payouts pass


unremarked?


By


February


the


next


year


Ms.


Simmons


had


left


the


board.


The


position


was


just


taking up too much time, she said. Ruth Simmons



2000



1


月加入高盛公司董事


会,


成为一名外部董事。



一年后,



她成为布朗大学的校长。



此后近十年时间


里,



她很明显扮演着两个角色,



但并未引起多少责难。



但是在


2009


年年底,



Simmons


女士却由于担任高盛公司薪酬委员会委员,



而收到抨击;



她怎可能


让巨额奖金得以发放而不加以评论呢?



到第二年的


2


月份


,


S immons


便离开了


高盛公司董事会。



她说,



该职位占用了她太多的时间。





12.



be supposed to do sth:


应该做


sth= be meant to do





* We're supposed to check out of the


hotel by


11 o'clock.


我们应该在


11


点之前


结账离 开酒店。






* I'm not supposed to tell anyone.


我不应该告诉任何人。






* What time are you supposed to be there?


你应该什么时候到达那里?




13.



to serve as



a position):


担任(某个职位)





* to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers


担任有益的、又相对公正的顾问



14.



to make one's wealth and reputation:


创造财富和树立名声



15.



presumably:


很可能,



大概






to presume:


假定




16.



proposal:





动词)



提议



17.



to weather:




(动词)









1



. (


安 全地


)


度过困境



* The company


weathered the storm


of objections to the scheme.


公司安全度过了


反对该计划的风波。



* Northern Ireland weathered the recession better than any other region in the UK.



英国其他地区相比,



北爱尔兰更好地度过了经济衰退。





2


2




(由于风吹日晒)变了颜色



* Her face was weathered by the sun.


她的脸由于日晒而变了颜色。



Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased,


advisers on a firm’s


board.


Having


made


their


wealth


and


their


reputations


elsewhere,


they


presumably


have enough independence to disagree with the ch


ief executive’s


proposals. If


the sky,


and the share price


is


falling, outside directors should be able to


give advice based on


having


weathered their own crises.


外部董事在企业董事会中应扮演有益而又相对


公正的顾问角色。由于他们在别处已创造了 自己的财富和声誉,



所以他们很可


能 有足够的独立性否定总裁的建议。



如果公司经营状况不佳,



股价下跌,




部董事应该根据自己以往应对危机的经验提出建议。




18.



a database:


数据库



19.



to cover: 1




(文中含义)包含,



囊括






* a course covering business law


一门包含商业法律的课程






* 'Exercise' is a word which covers a vast range of activities.


练习是一个包括很


大范围活动的一个 词。



E








2




跑过(的距离)


/



(具体数量)






* They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday


.


昨天他们希望跑


40


英里。

< br>





* A leopard can


cover


a lot of


ground


very quickly




猎豹能快速跑很多路。




20.



probability:= likelihood:



可能性



21.



subsequent:


(形容词)



随后的



*


subsequent pages of the book


这本书随后的页码



# subsequent to something



紧接着


sth; sth


之后


= immediately after


* Events happened subsequent to the accident.


事故之后的发生的事件




22.



to restate:


重申



23.



lawsuit:


诉讼案



* His lawyer


filed


a


lawsuit


against the city.


他的律师起诉这个城市。



24.



to suggest:


暗示



suggestive:


暗示性的,



让人揣测的



* Are you suggesting my husband's been drinking?


你在暗示我老公一直


在喝酒?



* A correlation between


them


leaving and


subsequent bad performance at the


firm


is


suggestive.


外部董事的离职与随后企业业绩下滑 之间的相互关系让人难免揣


测。





3


25.




to jump off a sinking ship:


本义是“从一艘慢慢沉下去的船上跳离”












比喻为“



离开充满是非的公司”



26.



to trade up: (


交易中


)


得到更好的东西

< p>


*It also encourages existing home owners to trade up to larger accommodation




它鼓


励了现在的房子拥有者置换更大的居所。




The researchers from Ohio University


used a database that covered


more than 10,000


firms


and


more


than


64,000


different


directors


between


1989


and


2004.


Then


they


simply


checked


which


directors


stayed


from


one


proxy


statement


to


the


next.


The


most


likely reason


for departing a board


was age, so


the researchers concentrated on


those


“surprise”


disappearances


by


directors


under


the


age


of


70.


They


found


that


after a


surprise departure,


the probability that the


company


will subsequently


have to


restate earnings


increased by


nearly 20%.


The


likelihood of being


named


in a


federal


class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect


tended to be


larger


for


larger


firms. Although a correlation between them


leaving and


subsequent


bad


performance


at


the


firm


is


suggestive,


it


does


not


mean


that


such


directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they


“trade up,” leaving


riskier,


smaller


firms


for


larger and


more


stable


firms.


俄亥俄大学的研究者们建立了一个


数据库,



该数据库囊括了


1989


年至


2004


年的

< p>
10



000


多家公司和


64



000


多位不


同的董事。



后来,



他们又专门核查了哪些外部董事连任了两届。



离开董事会


最可能的原因是年龄,


< /p>


所以研究者们关注的焦点是那些不到


70


岁却和“离奇”


消失的外部董事们。



他们发现在外部董事意外离开后,



公 司不得不立即重申盈


利状况的可能性上升了近


20%

< p>



在联邦法院所受理的集体起诉案件中被涉及的


可能性也会增加,



并且公司在股市的表现也可能会更糟。



尽管外部董事的离职


与随后企业业绩下滑之间的相互关系让人难免揣测,



但这并不意味着外部董事


们总是在公司危难之时离 开。



他们常常“人往高处走”,离开风险更高的小公


司,



转而投身到规模更大更为稳定的大企业。




27.



a blot to sth:



sth


的一个打击



28.



a review of history:


历史的回顾



29.



wrongdoing:



(n)



不轨之事



30.



to occur:


发生







occurred, occurred)






occurrence:



(


名词)发生的事



31.



incentive:



(


名词)



激励





#


create/provide/give somebody an incentive




sb


提供奖励




4


*Awards provide an incentive for young people to improve their skills.


奖品激励年轻人提高他们的技艺。




32.



to follow the example of sb:



sb


为模范;




sb


的后尘




But


the


researchers


believe


that


outside


directors


have


an


easier


time


of


avoid


ing


a


blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review


of


history shows they were on the board at the


time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms


who


want


to


keep


their


outside


directors


through


tough


times


may


have


to


create



incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once


again very popular on campus.


但是研究人员相信,


假如回顾历史,




当人们发现


公司发生不轨行为时,



外部董事并未溜之大吉。



如果在坏消息传出前就离开公


司,



他们会更轻易地避免声誉受损。



那些 想在艰难时期挽留住外部董事的公司


一定要采取激励措施。


< /p>


否则外部董事们就会步


Simmons


女 士的后尘(离职去大


学),



再一次在校园受到欢迎。





文章结构:




本文主要讲述的是外部董事的职责及作者对其的评价。




第一段:



通过


Ruth Simmons


离职这一例子导出话题。



第二段:



外部董事在公司应扮演的角色和起到的作用。



第三段:



通过讲述研究人员们的研究发现,



着 重分析了外部董事离职的原因和


带来的影响。



第四段:



对独立董事的离职做出自己的评价,



并就如何挽留他们提出了自己的


建议。





试题分析



第一步做什么?





1.



浏览众题目,



了解文意,



(尤关注主旨题)






21


题)



According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for ________.


我们

抓住的实体信息是什么


?


谁?


Ms. Simmons


受到批评 ,你看到专有名词,第一题


就出现专有名词,



就出现人的名字,



那我们就应该想到 文章对应的第一段显然


是通过这个例子,


导出一个话题


-------


这是文章的微观信息,



而非文章的宏观


信息,



整篇文章的宏观信息尚未出现。



-- ----



22


题)

< br>. We learn from Paragraph


2 that outside directors are supposed to be





.



5


这道题有没有出现实体信息?不仅告诉你了独立董事,


还告诉你独立董事所肩负


的职责,


对吧?― ―――那好,


我们就想到刚才做第一道题所做的铺垫,


如果出< /p>


现类似的模式。第一段举一个具体人的例子,


Ms. Simmo ns


为例子,因此这篇文


章很可能讲解的主题就是“独立董事的 职责是什么?”,


Ms. Simmons


有可能就

< p>
是独立董事――――



23



. According to the researchers from Ohio University after


an outside director’s sur


prise departure, the


firm


is


likely to ________.


拿出笔,括到


“逗号”处,是不是又出现了 和第二道题相通的地方,


“独立董事”。第二部分


讲的是独立董 事的职责,


第三部分又讲到了


“独立董事意外离开之后,


公司会出


现什么样的状态。”――――(


24



. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that


outside directors ________.


又再次出现了独立董事。

――



25



The author’s attitud


e


toward


the role of outside directors


is __


.从这五道题来看,千丝万缕 都是和外部


董事有关系。不是科普类,显然是一篇经济类,有关外部董事的文章。




2.细读


首题< /p>


,做3件事:



1




锁定题型。





题目类型,



也就是想到对应的思路)



2




锁定信号词(



有什么样的措辞可以帮你回文的时候锁定关键词)



3




分析选项




前面两项针对的是什么?



---


题干。



最后一项针对的是什么?


----


选项




第一件事:



锁定题型:




21


)题,



用彩笔,



关键词“

< br>for



,


表示什么逻辑关系?



----


因果关系。



前果


后因


----


原因分析题 ,



什么题?


-----


用笔标注,



”细节题之原因分析”,



第一


件事情做完了。





第二件事:



“锁定信号词”,



拿出笔,



用彩笔在


Ms. Simmon


下面打个三角。



------


人的名字,



地理名称,



机构名称都是专有名词,



都是第一个字母大写的


名词。



用彩笔在


criticized


下面打个三角,



显然,



这是第二个信号词,





第三件事:



分析选项,



应该在回文定位之前分析选项,



这个程序一定不要错。




[A]gaining excessive profits




gaining< /p>


赚取、


获得


, excessive


过度的,



过多的


; profits


表示利润。



攫取的过度的利益。




[B]failing to fulfill her duty


没能旅行自己的职责



[C]refusing to make compromises




拒绝做出妥协




6


[D]leaving the board in tough times



在艰难时期离开董事会




3.


回文定位,



比对出处,



锁定题眼



刚才锁定几个信号词?



------2


个。



把第一个、第二地方比对出处,



锁定题眼。




第一个信号词


Ms Simons




我们到了第一行,



还要结合第二个词


criticize,


锁定


词,



第 三行


----




but




是 个


强逻词



But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under


fire


for


having


sat


on


Goldman’s


compensation


committee;


how


could


she


have


let


those


enormous


bonus


payouts


pass


unremarked?


By


February


the


next


year


Ms.


Simmons had left the board.



under fire


下面打个信号词,



处于开火的状态,




是处于被攻击的状态,



处于被批评的状态,



我们的命题老师 为了增加题目的难


度值,往往会进行一些近义词的改写工作。


u nder fire=criticized.


找到了对应词,



接下来的


for,


让人激动不已,



21


题目是细节题中的原因分析题,



对应的思路


是什么?


-----


回文定位的


下上文




如果上文没有,



就采用下文)



for having sat on Goldman’s comp


ensation committee;



sit on----


“在



.


的单位,



担任



的角色”



Goodman:


高盛,



sat on


后面的核心词,



committee,



compensation:



1




补偿金。







2




2000



MBA

< br>考试中出现过的表示


“薪


酬”,




for



后 面没有找到原因,



只能继续往下找,



看到分号,



有可能就是真正的原


因,



拿出彩笔,



在分号这里画一条竖线,


竖线之后,


how could she


have let those


enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?


这个句子,



抓大放下,



你完全可以不


懂意思。



谁是大?



How could she?





她怎能够?”



-----


是一种批判,



担任


这个职位做了不该做的事情。




2B




用彩笔指向


sat on





how could she


have


let


those enormous bonus payouts pass


unremarked? Payout:



付的款项。



“她怎么能够让那些巨额的奖金发出去,



而不加以评论呢?”




第二题目,



是什么题目?



------be


告诉我们空格处填一个名词。




信号词?



-----


看第二段,



be supposed to be?



[A]generous investors




[B]unbiased executives


公正的管理者



[C]share price forecasters


股票价格预测者



[D]independent advisers


独立顾问



这四个选项要擒贼先擒王,



把四个选项的关键词标出来,




“外部董事


“属不属于公司管理者?



显然不属于。


美国是几权分立?



三权分立:



7


行政,



立法,



司法。




我们家考的都是工商管理硕士之类的,对经济都是比较熟悉的。



2B


是干扰项,



通过这个选项,



你可以深切地体会出来,



我们的命题者,



他不是管理者,




英语老师,



所以他不会想到这样的设置对我们没有任何干扰度而言,




拿出笔,



题干当中的


executives,


它们显然是矛盾的



3C share price forecasters


“股票价格预测者”显然是不符合的,





现在剩下


A




D




二选一,



回到文章进行精确定位。





带着信号词,




para 2







supposed to be





看第二段第一句:


Outside directors


are supposed


to serve as


helpful,


yet


less biased,


advisers on a


firm’s board.



用彩笔



outside directors,




supposed to


打记号。



什么单词出现了变化呢?



-----


当你


看到一个词组中看到一个不认识的词组是很正常的,



但是词组是由小词构成,



serve as




抓最后一个小词,



as

< p>
最常见的意思是


“作为”




serve as


作为,


Outside


directors are supposed to serve as


外部董事应该作为、



担任,



as


后面的核心词


是?


-------adviser

< p>



考试时不认识的时候也不要紧。



helpful




有益的,”



22


题目是“细节题”难度小了。



这样的题目的难度是一级,



是送分的。



你只


要精确定位。



2


分就是送给你的。



21


题阅读范围更大一些。




23




According to


the researchers


from Ohio University


after an outside director’s


surprise departure, the firm is likely to


——



空格处,



出现了





.


肯定是细节题。



这个难度肯定会大。



这种一级难度题 在


一套题目中只有一个。



23


题肯定和


21


题持平。



用彩笔标注


researcher, Ohio University,



departure




离职


,



三个关键词。



[A]become more stable



积极信息,



任何一个人的意外离职,



肯定是消极的,




得学会利用信息。




[B]report increased earnings


报告


/


公布收入的 增加




[C]do less well in the stock market



在股市更糟



[D]perform worse in lawsuits



在法律诉讼中更糟



带着四个信号词,



回文定位第三段第 五行



They



found


that


after


a


surprise


departure, the probability that the company


will


subsequently


have to restate earnings


increased


by


nearly


20%.


The


likelihood


of


being


named


in


a


federal


class- action


lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse.


你看到哪个词异常激动?



------


我强调:


< p>


强逻词


出现的地方是


题 眼,



或者在


代词

出现的地方也是


题眼




8


题眼的标志词。



一旦碰到代词,



很有可能是题眼




题干中


according


to


相当于


found,


probability


打个三角符号,



现在三个信号词


全找到了,



如果这些


招术和内力


都搞懂了,



probability


后面引导的


that


就是个


同位语从句


,


the


company


will


subsequently


have


to


restate


earnings


increased


by


nearly 20%.


增加 了


20%




the company


是第三个信号词,



to restate=


重申,



----< /p>


是收入增加了


20%


< br>


还是


probability


增加了


20%?


< br>-----


是可能性增加了


----2B


选项是不对的,



偷换了概念


]report increased earnings




刚才是木,



现在是林,



23


我们回文定位到了,



但是是错的,



我们继续读下




The likelihood


of being named in a federal class- action lawsuit also increases, and


the


stock


is


likely


to


perform


worse.


彩笔标出


likelihood,


后面的


of


可能对应


that


后面的内容,



用括号把


increased


前面的内容括起来,



of


后面的


being named in


federal class-action lawsuit,


核心词是


lawsuit,


被点名。





4D


用了


be likely . worse=less well.


这个回文定位用了两个句子,




24


题:


It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors ________.


这是


个什么题?


----


推断题。


---

< br>是段落推断题,



还是全篇推断题?

------


段落推断题是


英语(二)常考的题,



题型与前面三种题不一样。




段落推断题要关注以下几点:



1.


选项


-----


正确项一定是原文信息的对应还是原文信息推理出来的深刻信息


啊?

< p>
所以正确项必须具有深刻度,



是原文信息推出来的,



而不是原文信息字面


所具备的



2.


一定要借鉴段落判断题的思路。




判断题的思路是什么呢?



-----


把四个项一一回文定位,



做比对



[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm


[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm


[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm


[D]will decline incentives from the firm


A


看上去庸俗(



可选可不选)



A


D


在逻辑上对立,


< p>
可能在


AD


中选择,



AD


在同一个地方回文定位。




数第二句,



用笔把


who



have


to


之前括起来,


Firms


who


want


to


keep


their


outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.


Want to----purpose


Have to ----way



9


Incentive



A


中有个


may




语气很委婉,



段落推断题,



一般题干中有


may,


作者态度就


是表示推测出来的结果。




25.


最后一题要格外关注,



一般来说是态度,



或是概括题。




信号词:



attitude;



role



理一下作者思路题:



1.



根本性思路,



在文章中找形容词


,


情态动词


+


其他



e.g.



真棒




e.g.


考试只有几个月了,




必须



2011


年的真题看一遍。



(必须体现出了< /p>


我说话时候的强烈情感。



e.g. -----nonsense:




刚才有位同学对老师的话进行反驳)



2.


当前的政治目标就是什么


--- ----




维稳。



所以出题老师选题的主题,



作者态度应该是积极健康还是消极不健康?




作者的态度应该是阳光的,



积极的,



向上的,



客观的,



辩证的



[A]permissive


[B]positive


[C]scornful



[D]critical


想到


2


点:



B



D


是对立 的;







A



C


都是不健康的信息。






到哪里回文定位?



带着谁?




role




.


24


题目已经回文到了最后一题,


< /p>


所以


25


题目可能在第二段的开头,



supposed to serve as= role



态度题的解题正道是


:




是积极的,



肯定的。




我们还应该关注到


22


题,



25


题中的


role


指向


22


题中的


suppos ed,



21-25


题的正确答案依次为


B, D,C,A, B


Passage Two


生词释义



1.



recession: (


名词


)


经济衰退



2.



to threaten to do




有可能危害到





* The


incident


threatens to


ruin


his chances


in the election.


这次事件有可能损害


到他选举中的机会。





3.



to flee to:




fled, fled)


逃跑到






10


4.



to chronicle




(及物动词)



......


载入编年史;



记录;



记载


= to record



* His life is chronicled in a new biography published last week.


他的生


平记录在去年出版的一本新传记中。



* The book chronicles the events leading up to the war.< /p>


这本书记录了导


致战争的事件。




5.



doom:



1




(名词)



(文中含义)


厄运;



劫数,



毁灭












2





(动词)注定要(毁灭,



失败)







#


be doomed to sth:


注定要


(

灭亡,



失败等不好的命运)



+


名词






* Many species are doomed to extinction.


许多物种注定要灭绝。






* The plan was doomed from the start.


这个计划从一开始就注定要失败的。








#


be doomed to do something



注定要


(


灭 亡,



失败等)



+


动词



* We are all doomed to die in the end




我们注定最后是要死的。





6.



to launch: (


动词)



发起,



进行



* to launch a round of talk:


发起一轮讨论



*


The


organization


has


launched


a


campaign


to


raise


$$150,000.


这个组织举行活动


筹备


15


万美元。




* The Canadian police plan to launch an investigation into the deal.


加拿大警察计划


进行调查这个交易。




7.



charity: (


名词


)


慈善









charitable:


慈善的



charitable corporation:


慈善机构



8.



to subsidize sb:


补贴


sb






* Farming is heavily subsidized by the government:


政府补贴农业的幅度很大。







subsidy:


(名词)



补贴




Whatever


happened to the death of


newspaper? A


year ago


the end seemed


near.


The


recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to


the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own


doom.


America’s Federal


Trade Commission


launched a round of


talks about


how to


save


newspapers.


Should


they


become


charitable


corporations?


Should


the


state


subsidize them?


It will


hold another


meeting soon. But the discussions


now seem out


of date.


报业的衰亡究竟发生了什么?



一年前,



报业衰亡似乎就在眼前。



其衰


退危及到相关广告的生存,



并预示着将失去那些尚未将注意力转移到互联网的


读者们。



诸如


《旧金山记事》


这样的报纸都在记录着自己的厄运。



美国联邦贸



11


易委员会就如何挽救报纸进行了一系列的讨论。



他们应该变成慈善机构吗?




家是否应该补贴这些报纸?



近期该委员会还将召开一次会议。



但 是现在这些讨


论似乎已经不合时宜了。





9.



to shrug:


耸肩






# to shrug off sth:


不把


sth

< p>
当一回事,



不为


sth


担忧






* to shrug off the recession:


从衰退的困境中摆脱出来




10.



to inhabit +


地方




居住在


,



(


“地方”前面不加



这样的介词)






These tigers inhabited the islands.


这些老虎居住在岛屿上。




11.




margin:




1)


利润



* Margins are low and many companies are struggling.


利润很低,



许多公司都在苦苦支撑。



* Within 10 years they had a gross


profit margin


of 50%.


在十年时间内,



他们已经有了


50%


的毛利润。



(文中含义)



2




空白处



*


Someone had scribbled a note


in the margin.


有人在空白处匆匆写了笔记。




3)



(选举或比赛中胜负之间的)差距



# by a wide/narrow margin


以极大的


/


极小的差距



*


They're a world-class team and it was no surprise that they won by such a wide margin.


他们是


世界级的球队,



以遥遥领先的分数获胜,



一点都不奇怪。




# by a margin of 10 points/100 votes etc





10



/ 100


票之差



* The bill was approved by a margin of 55 votes




这个议案以

< p>
55


票的差距被通过了。







12.



routine:


(形容词)



常规的



* Y


ou


mustn't worry


. These are just routine


inquiries.


你不必担心。



这些只是常规


的询问。



* routine maintenance work




常规的维护工作



* a routine operation




常规的操作




route


“路线”




比较





*


What's the best route to Cambridge?


去剑桥的路线是什么?



In


much of


the


world there


is


little sign of crisis.


German and Brazilian papers


have


shrugged


off


the


recession.


Even


American


newspapers,


which


inhabit


the


most


troubled


corner


of


the


global


industry,


have


not


only


survived


but


often


returned


to


profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the


same.


在世界大多数地区,



几乎已经没有危机的迹象。



德国和巴西的报业已经


拜托了衰退。



甚至身处全球报业问题最深渊的美国,



也不仅生存了下来,





12


且还恢复了盈利。



尽管不是前些年惯 例的


20%


收益,



但却毕竟是盈利。




13.



to stay afloat:










1




漂在水上








2


)(文中含义)



引申为“维持运营”



14.



overboard:



(


副词)从船上落下






* One of the crew fell overboard and drowned.


一个船员落水淹死了。






* Man overboard!


有人落水啦!






# to push sb overboard: (


引申义)



抛弃


sb



15.



to reckon:


认为



16.



slim:



1




苗条的







2



微乎其微的


(机会等)


There's only a


slim chance


that anyone survived the crash.


有人能在坠毁事件中幸存的机会很小。























3


)(文中含义)



薄薄的





slimmer products


更薄的产品(指报纸)



16.



to have the nerve to do sth:


有勇气做



(这里的



nerve


’< /p>


指“勇气”)



17.



measure:


措施



It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard.


The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone


since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the


nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate


measures


have proved


the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.


事态一直以


来并非很乐观。< /p>



许多报纸通过裁员来维持运营。



美国新闻编辑协会估计自


2007


年以来有


13



5000


个编辑岗位被裁剪。



报纸内容缩水,



但读者却要付费更多。



一些报纸甚至斗胆拒绝向远郊用户投递。



然而事实证明这些孤注一掷的手段



是正确的。



对于许多记者来说,



却很悲惨,



他们可能会继续被裁剪。





18.



revenue:



(特指从商品和服务中获取的)



收入







注:





income


有差异,




income



一般指


“个人的收入”





revenue



商业机构的“收入”。



19.



reliance on:


(名词性短语)



依赖



20.



proportion:


比例



21.



stable:


稳定的










stability



(


名词)




13


22.



not surprisingly:


难怪



(一般用于句首,



表示结果并不出人意外)




Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues


from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their


reliance


on


ads.


Fully


87%


of


their


revenues


came


from


advertising


in


2008,


according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In


Japan


the


proportion


is


35%.


Not


surprisingly,


Japanese


newspapers


are


much


more


stable.


鉴于来自读者和广告商的收入比例日趋合理,



报纸正在成为更具平衡性


的行业。



长期以来美国报业对广告的过度依赖,



都是极不正常的。



根据经济


合作和发展组织的数据,


< /p>



2008


年高达


87%


的收入来自于广告。



而在日 本这


个比例只有


35%




难怪


,


日本的报业更具稳定性。





23.



whirlwind:


旋风



24.



to sweep: ( swept, swept)



1











2




(文中含义)(比喻义)席卷,







































迅速蔓延



# sweep the country/nation/state etc



席卷整个国家



* a wave of nationalism sweeping the country


国家主义 的浪潮席卷了整个


国家



# sweep across/through etc



* the latest craze sweeping through the teenage population


最新的潮流


在青少年中蔓延开来




25.



distinctive:


有特色的,



独特的



26.



reviewer:


评论家,



审查者



27.



bureau: 1)



(


政府部门)局、处、署;


2) (


文中含义)



机构



28.



savagely:


野蛮地,



残忍地



29.



to cut off:



中断,



切断



30.



virtue:



1)


美德








2


)(文中含义)




优点,



长处


= advantage



* Adam Smith believed in the virtues of free trade.


亚当?斯密相信自由贸


易的优势。




14


* Wilkins is now



praising


the virtues of


organic farmi ng.


威尔金现在高


度赞扬有机种植的好处

.


The


whirlwind


that


swept


through


newsrooms


harmed


everybody,


but


much


of


the


damage


has


been


concentrated


in


areas


where


newspapers


are


least


distinctive.


Car


and


film


reviewers


have


gone.


So


have


science


and


general


business


reporters.


Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result.


But completeness


is


no


longer a


virtue


in the


newspaper business.


席卷报业机构的旋< /p>


风对每一个人都带来了伤害,



但是该伤 害在很大程度上都集中在毫无报业特色


的领域。



汽车和电影评论栏已不复存在。



科学和大众财经报道栏目也难觅踪影。



驻外机构业已被残忍地裁掉。



结果是报纸不再像以往那样完整。



但是完整已不


再是报业的一个优点。





文章结构



本文主要讲述的是美国报业危机的消解。




第一段:



讲述了美国报业曾经的窘境以及人们的担忧。




第二段:



讲述了报业的复苏。



第三段:



着重描述为摆脱危机,



报业曾采取的种种措施。



第四段:



提到报业正成为收入趋于平衡的行业。



第五段:



作者发表评论,



报业危机的破坏虽使 报纸丧失其完整性却增强了其特


色性,



并指出这并非坏事。





试题分析




26




题干中的实体信息是谁?



By


saying


“Newspapers


like



their


own


doom”


(Lines


3


-4,


Para.


1),


the


author


indicates that newspaper ________.


双引号中讲解的可能是关于“报纸”的




27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because ________.


又出现了报纸




28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more


stable because they ________.


暗示了美国报业不太稳定,




27


题一起,



可以看到美国的报业是消极面,



26



doom


也是消极面。





15



29.


What


can


be


inferred


from


the


last


paragraph


about


the


current


newspaper


business?


肯定说的都是报业,




current


下面打勾,



肯定


与以前做对比,



一定是说与以


前形成相反情况。




30




The


most appropriate title


for this text


would be ________.


主旨题,



阅读理


解的文意,



尤关注主旨题,



-----


四个选项中的干扰度很严重的选项,



四个选< /p>


项中的共性往往是这篇文章的主旨性,正确答案往往需要被隐藏的,



把握住它


们的共性。



四个选项中



[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival


[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind


[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business


[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story


相同点是


American newspaper,



A


可能对,



挣扎努力表示艰难



B


随风而逝,如果美国《华盛顿邮报》还有《纽约时报》都随风而逝了



一看是


违背事实的,



如果这些报纸都没了,



我们阅读理解的源头就没有了




C




积极信息,



彻头彻尾的积极信息,




26doom




27refuse




28counterpart


相悖,



如果报业现在还生机勃勃,



就不可能花几个段落去讲述。




D




hopeless:


当你发现一个否定后缀





语气强烈,



可能对可能错)



所以


一定要先看题干,



不能傻乎乎地一头扑到文章中







26< /p>


题)


indicate:


想知道深意< /p>


----


句子推断题



词汇推断:



肯定是超纲词,



纲内词在完形中考,



对熟悉的生义在这里考。



句子题:



要么结构诡异,



用上了


修辞性的(


< br>比喻等


),一定要根据上文


or



文进行分析推理,



也有可能上下文,



三种可能。



如果词在句首,



那么在下文


找,



如在段尾,



在上文中,



如在中间,



则上下文。




回文定位的信息。



[A]neglected the sign of crisis


[B]failed to get state subsidies


[C]were not charitable corporations


[D]were in a desperate situation


在不读文章前,



能不能有所倾向呢?



举例:


为什么手机不受到某些人的欢迎?





因为有些商人在公共场合高谈阔论,



影响了别人的生活?



-----


这是个具体



16


的信息,



片面的信息,



能否成为


一个全面的答案



-----


答案是不能)




第一段的第三行,


用彩笔在这句前后划一根竖线,


处于段首,

看下文;


处于段尾,


看上文,


wh atever


是个语气词,



完全可以 把


ever


去掉,





the end



:




事情的结果





报业的消亡就在眼前,



过去一年的报业的消亡,




在已经是一年后,



情况是相反了,





S


1,


S< /p>


2,


S


3,


S< /p>


4四个句子



问题句中有没有出现专有名词?



S< /p>


4是举例子,例子在上文还是下文?―――在下文,所以还要去


找 上文


。在例


证中


Newspapers


like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.



27.


Some


newspapers


refused


delivery


to


distant


suburbs


probably


because


________.


看到这个空格前的


because




非常激动,




because


前面打个记号。



< br>写上原因分析题


----



下文


找答案,



思路锁定了,



信号词


delivery,



distant


suburbs


[A]readers threatened to




违背常理)



pay less


(俗)



[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs




虽俗,



但符合情理的)



[C]journalists reported little about these areas


(逻辑明显不通)



[D]subscribers


complained


about


slimmer


products


(


slim:


廋削的,



报纸内容缩



)




这里的订阅者是泛指,



不能成为逻辑。



D


废除。




倾向于选


B



第三段中的


Yet


these



desperate


measures


have


proved


the


right


ones


and,


sadly


for


many journalists, they can be pushed further.


Yet



是个强逻词



Readers


are


paying


more


for


slimmer


products.


Some


papers


even


had


the


nerve


to


refuse delivery to distant suburbs




红色部分是指“有胆量干”,



these


往往是题


眼,






28< /p>



Compared


with


their


American


counterparts,


Japanese


newspapers


are


much


more stable because they ________.


原因分析


之细节题。

< p>



[A]have more sources of revenue


[B]have more balanced newsrooms


新闻编辑部



[C]are less dependent on advertising


[D]are less affected by readership




17


四个选项都比较具体,



只好看原文。



第四段最后看到


Not surprisingly, Japanese


newspapers are much more stable.


Not surprisingly


,


这也难怪。



前面

可以看到


因。




上文中


找。





竖线之后的句子出现了专有名词,



竖线前有数据,



也是在举例子。




OECD


国际经和组织



87%---35%


具体的数字,



还有大写的专有名词,




都是例子,



前面肯定是宏观


性的论点



American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.



我们在上文找的范围很大。





29.


What


can


be


inferred


from


the


last


paragraph


about


the


current


newspaper


business?



current



打记号。



[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.


特色



[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.



[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.


驻外机构



[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.




Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off



. Savagely


不认识也不要紧,



无非


是强调程度而已。




Cut off:


词组不认识也不要紧,



cut


就是取消,表示不重要


了,


C


可以毙掉。




But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.


是个“果”



whirlwind




旋风”



but


much


of


the


damage


has


been


concentrated


in


areas



where


newspapers


are


least


distinctive.


表示有特色的报纸受到伤害最小。



当今报业的基本特征就是:



有特


色。





30


题:




篇章主旨题:



反面思路:



各题干信息综合:


26doom , 27 refused,



28stable,


至少提到了不好的


信息,



所以排除


C .




B




D


根据常识排除,




A


正面思路:



1


)各段首句,



信息综合















2



关注首尾段特殊表达句:




比较重要




a.


段首句,



b.


段尾句,



c.


强逻句,



d.


主观评论句










18

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-


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