-
管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编
5
(
总分：
50.00
，做
题时间：
90
分钟
)
一、
Reading Comprehension(
总题数：
5
，分数：
50.00)
Ruth Simmons joined Goldman
Sachs
she
became
president
of
Brown
University. For the
rest of
the decade
she apparently
managed
both
roles without
attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009
Ms. Simmons was under fire for
having
sat
on
Goldman
compensation
committee;
how
could
she
have
let
those
enormous
bonus
payouts
pass
unremarked?
By
February
the
next
year
Ms.
Simmons
had
left
the
board.
The
position
was
taking
up
too
much
time, she
said.
Outside directors
are
supposed to serve as helpful, yet less
biased,
advisers on a
firm
presumably
have
enough
independence
to
disagree
with
the
chief
executive
proposals.
If
the
sky,
and the
share
price,
is
falling,
outside directors
should
be
able to give
advice
based on having
weathered their own crises. The
researchers from Ohio University used a database
that covered
more than 10,000
firms and more
than
64,000 different
directors
between 1989
and 2004. Then
they
simply
checked
which
directors
stayed
from
one
proxy
statement
to
the
next.
The
most
likely
reason
for departing a board
was age, so the researchers concentrated on those
the probability that the company will
subsequently have to restate earnings increases by
nearly
20%.
The
likelihood
of
being
named
in
a
federal
class-
action
lawsuit
also
increases,
and
the
stock
is
likely
to
perform
worse.
The
effect
tended
to
be
larger
for
larger
firms.
Although
a
correlation
between them
leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm
is suggestive, it does not mean
that
such
directors
are
always
jumping
off
a
sinking
ship.
Often
they
up,
leaving
riskier,
smaller
firms
for
larger
and
more
stable
firms.
But
the
researchers
believe
that
outside
directors
have an easier
time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if
they leave a firm before bad news
breaks,
even
if
a
review
of
history
shows
they
were
on
the
board
at
the
time
any
wrongdoing
occurred.
Firms
who want
to
keep their outside
directors
through tough time may have to
create incentives.
Otherwise
outside directors will follow the example of Ms.
Simmons, once again very popular on
campus.
(1).According to
Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for______.
g excessive profits
g to fulfill her duty
√
ng
to make compromises
g the
board in tough times
本题信息点是
M
s
．
Simmons
was
criticized(Simmons
受到批评
)
，该信息出现在第一段第三句话…
Simmons
was
under
fire
…中，其中
under
fire
意为“受到攻击”，即“受到批评”之意。根据原因题的解
题技巧，
我们先看到本句中
for having sat
on Goldman
’
s compensation co
mmittee(
在高盛薪酬委员会担任职务
)
是一个事实陈述；同时，分号“；”表明该句与下句为并列关系，从而我们知道下句
how could she have
let those enormous
bonus payouts pass unremarked(
她怎么能让那些巨额
奖金支出得以通过而没有引起
注意呢
?)
是她受到批评的原因。由此可见她作为薪酬委员会的成员未能阻止巨额奖金的发放，即：未能很
好地履行其职责。所以选项
B
为本题答案。
(2).We learn from Paragraph 2
that outside directors are supposed to be______.
us investors
ed executives
price forecasters
ndent
advisers
√
本题信息点是
outside directors are
supposed to be(
独立董事应该
)
，在文章查找该信息点时我们会很
容易注意到该信息点
m
现在第二段第一句话中：
Outside
directors are supposed
to
serve as
helpful
，
yet less
biased
，
advisers on a
firm
’
s
board
．可以看出
outside director <
/p>
的身份是有帮助的、不
带偏见的顾问。由此我们可以确定选项
D
符合本句语意，为本题答案。另外，如果本句理解有困难，我们<
/p>
再看下旬：
Having
made
their
wealth
and
their
reputations
elsewhere
，
they
presumably
have
enough
independence to
disagree with the chief
executive
’
s proposals(
已经……，他们有足够的独立性否
决首席执行官的动议
)
，由此可以确认
outside
directors
的职责就是顾问。
(3).According to the researchers from
Ohio University, after an outside
director
departure, the firm is likely
to______.
more stable
increased earnings
less well in the stock
market
√
m worse in lawsuits.
本题信息点是
atter an outside
director
’
s surprise
departure
，
the firm is likely
to
，在文章中
查阅该信息，我们找到该信息点出现在文章第三
段第三句：
so the researchers concentrated on
those
“
surprise
”
departure
，
the
probability
that
the
company
will
subsequently
have
to
restate
earnings
increases by nearly
20
％．
The likelihood of being
named in a federal
class
—
action lawsuit also
increases
，
and the
stock is likely to perle}rm
worse
．
The effect tended to
be larger for larger
firms
。研
读本句便可以理清
outside director
意外离开
后有以下结果：
1)
重申盈利的可能性增加；
< br>2)
被
联邦集体诉讼的可能性增加；
3)
股市表现更差。由此可见选项
C
符合文章内容，为本题答案。本题
B
选项
和
D
选项都有很强的干扰性，但是他们都犯了“偷换概念”
的错误。
(4).It can be inferred
from the last paragraph that outside
directors______.
stay for
the attractive offers from the firm
√
often had the records of wrongdoings in the firm
accustomed to stress-free
work in the firm
decline
incentives from the firm
本题信息点是
outside directors
。我们来到文章最后一段，先逐句理解字面意思，然后整理各相关独立
董事
语句的信息，
最后与本题的各选项对照，
并做出选择。
本文最后一段共三句话，
都与
outside
director
有关。第一句是
ou
tside directors have an easier time of avoiding a
blow to their reputations if
they
leave
a
firm
before
bad
news
breaks
，
even
if
a
review
of
history
shows
they
were
on
the
board
at the
time any wrongdoing occurred
，大意为：通过提前离开
，独立董事很容易规避声誉受损；第二句
是
Firms
who
want
to
keep
their
outside
directors
through
tough
time
may
have
to
create
incenti
ves
，
大意为：想留住独立董事的公司可能必须给他们激励：
第三句话是
Otherwise outside directors will
follow the example of Ms
．
Simmons
，
once again
very popular on campus
，大意为：否则独立董事会
像
Simmons
一样，又一次在大学受到欢迎。
现在把以上三句话所陈述的内容与本题选项对照就会发现选项
A
符合第二句话的内容，为本题答案。
(5).The
author
sive
ve
ul
al
√
态度题的基本思路是“听其言，观其行”。文章首段便提到
ho
w
could
she
have
let
those
enormous
bonus
payouts pass
unremarked?
之后作者又指出：
Outside
directors are supposed to serve as
helpful
，
yet less
biased
，
advisers on a
firm
’
s
board
．由此看出作者对
outside directo
r
这种角色持批评的
态度。
Whatever happened to the death of
newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The
recession
threatened to remove the
advertising and readers that had not already fled
to the Internet.
Newspapers like the
San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own
doom. America
trade commission launched
a round of talks about how to save newspapers.
Should they become
charitable
corporations?
Should
the
state
subsidize
them?
It
will
hold
another
meeting
soon.
But
the
discussions
now
seem
out
of
date.
In
much
of
the
world
there
is
little
sign
of
crisis.
German
and Brazilian papers
have shrugged off the recession. Even American
newspapers, which inhabit
the most
troubled corner of the global industry, have not
only survived but often returned to
profit. Not the 20% profit margins that
were routine a few years ago, but profit all the
same.
It
has
not
been
much
fun.
Many
papers
stayed
afloat
by
pushing
journalists
overboard.
The
American
Society
of
News
Editors
reckons
that
12,500
newsroom
jobs
have
gone
since
2007.
Readers
are
paying
more for
slimmer
products. Some
papers
even had
the
nerve
to
refuse delivery to
distant
suburbs.
Yet these desperate
measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for
many journalists, they
can be pushed
further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced
business, which a healthier mix of
revenues from readers and advertisers.
American papers have long been highly unusual in
their
reliance on ads. Fully 87% of
their revenues came from advertising in 2008,
according to the
Organization for
Economic Cooperation & Development(OECD). In Japan
the proportion is 35%. Not
surprisingly,
Japanese
newspapers
are
much
more
stable.
The
whirlwind
that
swept
through
newsrooms
harmed
everybody,
but
much
of
the
damage
has
been
concentrated
in
areas
where
newspapers
are
least
distinctive. Car and
film reviewers have gone. So have science and
general business reporters.
Foreign
bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are
less complete as a result. But
completeness is no longer a virtue in
the newspaper business.
(1).By saying
newspapers______.
ted the sign of crisis
to get state subsidies
not charitable corporations
in a desperate situation
√
句意理解题的解答一定要充分利用
好其上下文。本句的上文说明了报纸的寿命濒临结束，面临危机；下文
提到政府一次次讨
论如何挽救报纸。由此可见
San Francisco Chronicle
面临倒闭的厄运。所以本题答案
为
D
。
(2).Some newspapers
refused delivery to distant suburbs probably
because______.
s threatened
to pay less
pers wanted to
reduce costs
√
lists reported little about these areas
ibers complained about
similar products
本题信息点是
refused delivery to
distant suburbs(
拒绝向远郊送报
)
，在文章中查阅该信息点时我们
找到该信息点出现在第三段第四句
Some papers even had the nerve to refuse
delivery to distant
suburbs
。
本句与上文的
push journalists overboard(
解雇记者
)
、
slimme
r products(
内容缩水
)
是
并列
关系，均属报社在艰难时期所采取的措施。根据上下文，报社这些措施都是为了度过
艰难时期。因此选项
B newspapers wanted to reduce
costs
更加符合上下文语意，为本题最佳答案。
(3).Compared with
their
American counterparts, Japanese
newspapers are much more
stable
because
they______.
more sources of revenue
more balanced newsrooms
less dependent on advertising
√
less affected by readership
本题信息点是
Japanese newspapers
are much more stable
，在文章中查阅该信息，我们找到该信息点
出
现在文章第四段最后一句
Not
surprisingly,Japanese newspapers are much more sta
ble.
根据原因题的
解题技巧，我们发现信息点所在的句子并
没有陈述原因，同时又没有下一句，于是原因便在上一句陈述：
Fully
87
％
of their revenues came
from advertising in
2008
，
according to the
Organization for
Economic Cooperation&D
evelopment(OECD)
．
In Japan
the proportion is 35
％．由此可以看出日本报业
更稳定的原因就是和美国报业相比，日本报业收入来自广告的比例较美国低，所以本题答案为
C
。
(4).What
can be inferred from the last paragraph about the
current newspaper business?
ctiveness is an essential feature of
newspapers.
√
teness is to blame for the failure of
newspapers.
n bureaus play
a crucial role in the newspaper business.
s have lost their interest
in car and film reviews.
本题信息点是
the current newspaper
business
。我们来到文章最后一段，先逐句理解字面意思，然后整
理各相关信息，最后与本题的各选项对照，并做出选择。第一句是
The
whirlwind that swept through
newsrooms
harmed
everybody,but
much
of
the
damage
has
been
concentrated
in
areas
where
newspapers
are
least
distinctive
，大意为：这次报业危机对大家都不好，但是损害主要体现在那些最没有特色的领
域；第
二句是
Car
and
film
reviewers
have
go
ne
，大意为：汽车和影评
(
栏目
)
没有了；第三旬是
So
have
science and general
business reporters
，大意为：科学和一般商业报道也没有了；第四
句是
Foreign
bureaus have been
savagely cut off
．，大意为：驻外办事处严重削减；第五句是
Newspapers are less
complete as
a result
，大意为：因而报纸内容更不完全；最后一句是
But completeness is no longer a
virtue
in the newspaper business
，大意为：但是完全性不再是报
业的优势。接下来我们把各句内容与
本题选项逐一比对，由此可见选项
< br>A
符合第一句的内容，为本题答案。
(5).The most appropriate title for this
text would be______.
an
Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
√
an
Newspapers: Gone with the Wind
an Newspapers: A Thriving Business
an Newspapers: A Hopeless
Story
主旨题我们大多都可以通过对第一段的理解以及对文章写作手法认知而解决
。首段提问、首段独句、转移
中心、大众观点、事例开头、类比开头都是我们在前面讲述
过的能表述或引出主旨的写作手法。本文第一
句
Whateve
r happened to the death of newspapers?
以
提问的方式开头，先直截了当地告诉读者本文的
话题：报业是否要寿终正寝，第一段最后
一句
But the discussions now seem out of d
ate
采用转折的方
式，表达关于如何挽救报业的讨论已经过时
了，暗示报业尽管遇到了困难，但依然不会到破产的地步。由
此我们知道，本文的主题不
是关于报业寿终正寝，而是报业艰难求生存，所以本题答案为
A
。
We tend to think of the
decades immediately following World War II as a
time of prosperity and
growth, with
soldiers returning home by the millions, going off
to college on the G.I. Bill and
lining
up
at
the
marriage
bureaus.
But
when
it
came
to
their
houses,
it
was
a
time
of
common
sense
and
a
belief
that
less
could
truly
be
more.
During
the
Depression
and
the
war,
Americans
had
learned
to
live
with
less,
and
that
restraint,
in
combination
with
the
post
war
confidence
in
the
future,
made
small,
efficient
housing
positively
stylish.
Economic
condition
was
only
a
stimulus
for
the
trend
toward
efficient
living.
The
phrase
is
more
was
actually
first
popularized
by
a
German,
the
architect
Ludwig
Mies
van
der
Rohe,
who
like
other
people
associated
with
the
Bauhaus,
a
school
of design, emigrated
to the United States before World War II and took
up posts at American
architecture
schools.
These
designers
came
to
exert
enormous
influence
on
the
course
of
American
architecture, but
none more so than Mies. Mies
properly
organized, has more impacts than a lot. Elegance,
he believed, did not derive from
abundance.
Like
other
modern
architects,
he
employed
metal,
glass
and
laminated
wood -
materials
that we take
for granted today but
that
in the 1940s
symbolized
the
future. Mies
presentation masked the
fact that the spaces he designed were small and
efficient, rather than
big
and
often
empty.
The
apartments
in
the
elegant
towers
Mies
built
on
Chicago
Lake
Shore
Drive,
for
example,
were
smaller
-
two-
bedroom
units
under
1,000
square
feet
-
than
those
in
their
older
neighbors along the city
the
views they afforded and the elegance of the
buildings
architectural
equivalent of
the
abstract
art
so
popular
at the
time.
The trend toward
was
not
entirely
foreign.
In
the
1930s
Frank
Lloyd
Wright
started
building
more
modest
and
efficient
houses - usually
around 1,200 square feet - than the spreading two-
storey ones he had designed
in
the
1890s
and
the
early
20th
century.
The
Study
Houses
commissioned
from
talented
modern
architects
by
California
Arts
&
Architecture
magazine
between
1945
and
1962
were
yet
another
home
grown influence on the
materials
and
forthright
detailing.
In
this
Case
Study
House,
Ralph
Rapson
may
have
mispredicted