-
北
京
科
技
大
学
<
/p>
2013
年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
===========================
==================================================
================================
试题编号：
211
试题名称：
翻译硕士英语
（共
12
页）
适用专业：
翻译（专业英语）
说明：
所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=========================================
==================================================
==================
I.
Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1
point each, 60 minutes)
Directions: Beneath each sentence there
are four words or phrases marked A, B, C,
and D. Choose the answer that best
completes
the sentence. Write your
answers on
your answer sheet.
1.
Ruth
wanted
to
be
transferred
to
another
department,
but
her
application
was
_____ because her own department is
understaffed.
A.
turned down
B.
turned over
C.
turned away
D. turned off
2.
Helen
?
s been
neglecting her homework lately.
I?
ll _____ with her parents
about it.
A.
have words
B. have a word
C. have the word
D. have
the last word
3.
The reality of governance is rarely
______; institutions do not operate according
to mechanical laws, but they evolve
organically.
A.
noble
B. static
C.
inconsistent
D. documented
4.
A
position that requires public speaking would be
very difficult for one as _____
as he.
A.
amiable
B.
vivacious
C. reticent
D. decent
5.
The commission
asked that the
administration
?
s 90-day ban
on federal funds for
human cloning
_____ indefinitely.
A. to
be
extended
B. to extend
C. be extended
D. being extended
6.
There is talk
of the government _______ a new tax relief scheme
for families with
more than three
children.
A.
bringing in
B.
bringing off
C. bringing
about
D. bringing on
7.
The
nurses
asked
the
local
union
to
______
their
strike
by
signing
a
letter
of
support.
A.
comply
B. undermine
C. endorse
D. isolate
1
8.
I could not
but _____ very much delighted with several modern
epitaphs, which
are written with great
elegance of expression.
A.
being
B.
be
C. to be
D. was
9.
______ more
societies are
geared to
retirement
at
around
65, companies have
a
looming problem of
knowledge management.
A.
Given that
B. Provided
C. Unless
D.
While
10.
The
organization
gives
help
and
support
to
people
in
need,
as
well
as
_____
money for local charities.
A.
raises
B. raising
C. raise
D. to
raise
11.
The development of containers, possibly
made from bark or the skins of animals,
although it is a matter of ______,
allowed the extensive sharing of forage food in
prehistoric human societies.
A.
conjecture
B.
fact
C. record
D. conspiracy
12.
Most people
choose a lawyer on the basis of such _____
considerations as his cost,
his field
of expertise, and the fees he charges.
A.
humanistic
B. irrelevant
C. personal
D.
pragmatic
13.
It
cannot
be
denied
that
the
existing
resources
on
earth
will
be
depleted,
but
scientists are hesitant to ______ the
inevitability of that day, convinced that new
energies can be found in the near
future.
A.
recede
B. exceed
C. concede
D. precede
14.
There
has
been
nothing
good
on
television
for
weeks.
Good
programs
are
_______.
A.
more or less
B. far and between
C. on and off
D. here and
there
15.
Fred is a(n) ______
complainer
—
as soon as one
problem is solved, he will come
up with
another.
A.
affluent
B.
prudent
C. moderate
D. chronic
16.
Rita turned
her ______ of being lost in the desert into good
fortune by selling the
story to a movie
studio.
A.
ordeal
B.
pessimism
C. retort
D. patron
17.
Psychologists
maintain
that
the
nature
of
human
beings
entails
a
strong
need
to
_____ their free time; idleness can be
as stressful as activity.
A.
endanger
B. preserve
C. consume
D. organize
18.
At age 10, my
cousin still has a _____ belief in Santa Claus;
she becomes upset at
any suggestion
that he doesn
?
t exist.
2
A.
sedentary
B. inquisitive
C. tenacious
D. superfluous
19.
They
______
each
other,
making
a
perfect
couple.
He
is
rich
but
doesn
?
t
care
about money; she is
poor but cares about it a lot.
A.
complement
B. fabricate
C. implement
D. validate
20.
People
anticipated
that
vertical
flight
transports
would
carry
millions
of
passengers as _______ today.
A.
the airliners do
B. do the airliners
C. the airliners did
D. did the airliners
21.
Rumors,
embroidered with detail, live on for years,
neither denied nor confirmed,
until
they become accepted as fact even among people not
known for their _____.
A.
insight
B. introspection
C. obstinacy
D. credulity
22.
Imposing steep fines on employers for
on-the-job injuries to workers could be an
effective ______ creating a safer
workplace, especially in the case of employers
with poor safety records.
A.
alternative
B. addition
C. incentive
D.
deterrent
23.
Her ______ should not be confused with
miserliness, as long as I have known her,
she has always been willing to assist
those who are in need.
A.
frugality
B. diffidence
C. intolerance
D. apprehension
24.
Observable as
a tendency of our culture is a _______ of belief
in psychoanalysis:
we no longer feel
that it can solve out emotional problems.
A.
defence
B.
confrontation
C. divergence
D. withdrawal
25.
The
prospects
of
discovering
new
aspects
of
the
life
of
a
painter
as
thoroughly
studied as
Vermeer are not, on the surface, _______.
A.
unpromising
B.
encouraging
C. daunting
D. challenging
26.
The
history
of
film
reflects
the
________
inherent
in
the
medium
itself:
film
contains still photographs to represent
continuous motion and, while seeming to
present life itself, can also offer
impossible and dreamlike unrealities.
A.
biases
B. constraints
C. liabilities
D. paradoxes
27.
The notion that cultural and biological
influences equally determine cross-cultural
diversity is _____ by the fact that, in
countless aspects of human existence, it is
cultural
programming
that
overwhelmingly
accounts
for
cross-population
variance.
A.
confirmed
B.
illustrated
C.
discredited
D. disapproved
28.
Dominant
interests
often
benefit
most
from
________
of
governmental
interference in
business, since they are able to take care of
themselves if left alone.
3
A.
centralization
B. authorization
C. intensification
D. elimination
29.
As
the
world
has
moved
into
a
scientific
age,
the
origin
of
herbal
medicine
in
many
countries
remains
_____
in
mystery
and
often
sounds
fantastic
to
those
trained
in modern science.
A.
shrouded
B. hidden
C. covered
D. hindered
30.
We
can
scarcely
afford
to
neglect
airport
security
in
light
of
the
recent
terrorist
actions, but as a
reliable critic has pointed out, the cost of
actually implementing
these measures
remains a _______ expense.
A.
feasible
B. prohibitive
C. suitable
D.
negligible
II.
Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2
points each, 60 minutes)
Section I
Directions: In
this section there are two reading passages
followed by multiple choice
questions.
Read the passages and then write your answer on
your answer sheet.
Passage One
When Ford
?
s River
Rouge Plant was completed in 1928 it boasted
everything it
needed to turn raw
materials into finished cars: 100,000 workers, 16m
square feet of
factory floor, 100 miles
of railway track and its own docks and furnaces.
Today it is
still
Ford
?
s largest plant, but
only a shadow of its former glory. Most of the
parts are
made by sub-contractors and
merely fitted together by the
plant
?
s 6,000 workers. The
local steel mill is run by a Russian
company, Severstal.
Outsourcing
has
transformed
global
business.
Over
the
past
few
decades
companies
have
contracted
out
everything
from
mopping
the
floors
to
spotting
the
flaws in their internet security. TPI,
a company that specializes in the sector,
estimates
that
$$100
billion-worth
of
new
contracts
are
signed
every
year.
Oxford
Economics
reckons that in
Britain, one of the world
?
s
most mature economies, 10% of workers
toil
away
in
“outsourced”
jobs
and
companies
spend
$$
200
billion
a
year
on
outsourcing. Even war is
being outsourced: America employs more contract
workers
in Afghanistan than regular
troops.
The
latest
TPI
quarterly
index
of
outsourcing
(which
measures
commercial
contracts
of
$$25m
or
more)
suggests
that
the
total
value
of
such
contracts
for
the
second quarter of 2011 fell by 18%
compared with the second quarter of 2010. Dismal
figures in the Americas (i.e. mostly
the United States) dragged down the average: the
value of contracts there was 50% lower
in the second quarter of 2011 than in the first
half of 2010. This is partly explained
by America
?
s gloomy economy,
but even more
by
the
maturity
of
the
market:
TPI
suspects
that
much
of
what
can
sensibly
be
outsourced already has been.
Miles Robinson
of Mayer Brown, a law firm, notes that there has
also
been an
uptick in legal
disputes over outsourcing. In one case EDS, an IT
company, had to pay
4
BSkyB,
a
media
company,
?
318m
($$469m)
in
damages.
The
two
firms
spent
an
estimated
?
70m
on
legal
fees
and
were
tied
up
in
court
for
five
months.
Such
nightmares
are
worse
in
India,
where
the
courts
move
with
Dickensian
speed.
And
since many disputes stay
out of court, the well of discontent with
outsourcing is surely
deeper than the
legal record shows.
Some
of
the
worst
business
disasters
of
recent
years
have
been
caused
or
aggravated
by
outsourcing.
Eight
years
ago
Boeing,
America
?
s
biggest
aeroplane-maker,
decided to follow the example of car firms and
hire contractors to
do most of the
grunt work on its
new 787 Dreamliner.
The result was a nightmare.
Some of the parts did not fit together.
Some of the dozens of sub-contractors failed to
deliver
their
components
on
time,
despite
having
subcontracted
their
work
to
sub-sub-contractors.
Boeing
had
to
take
over
some
of
the
subcontractors
to
prevent
them
from collapsing. If the Dreamliner starts rolling
off the production line towards
the end
of this year, as Boeing promises, it will be
billions over budget and three years
behind schedule.
Outsourcing can go wrong in a colorful
variety of ways.
Sometimes companies
squeeze
their
contractors
so
hard
that
they
are
forced
to
cut
corners.
(This
is
a
big
problem
in
the
car
industry,
where
a
handful
of
global
firms
can
bully
the
80,000
parts-makers.)
Sometimes
vendors
overpromise
in
order
to
win
a
contract
and
then
fail to deliver.
Sometimes both parties write sloppy contracts.
And some companies
undermine
their
overall
strategies
with
injudicious
outsourcing.
Service
companies,
for example, contract out customer
complaints to foreign call centres and then wonder
why their customers hate them.
When
outsourcing
goes
wrong,
it
is
the
devil
to
put
right.
When
companies
outsource
a
job,
they
typically
eliminate
the
department
that
used
to
do
it.
They
become entwined with their contractors,
handing over sensitive material and inviting
contractors to work alongside their own
staff. Extricating themselves from this tangle
can
be
tough.
It
is
much
easier
to
close
a
department
than
to
rebuild
it.
Sacking
a
contractor
can
mean
that
factories
grind
to
a
halt,
bills
languish
unpaid
and
chaos
mounts.
None
of
this
means
that
companies
are
going
to
re-
embrace
the
River
Rouge
model any time soon.
Some companies, such as Boeing, are bringing more
work back
in-house, in the jargon. But
the business logic behind outsourcing remains
compelling,
so long as it is done
right. Many tasks are peripheral to a
firm
?
s core business and can
be
done
better
and
more
cheaply
by
specialists.
Cleaning
is
an
obvious
example;
many back-office jobs also fit the
bill. Outsourcing firms offer labour arbitrage,
using
cheap Indians to enter data
rather than expensive Swedes. They can offer
economies
of
scale,
too.
TPI
points
out
that,
for
all
the
problems
in
America,
outsourcing
is
continuing
to
grow
in
emerging
markets
and,
more
surprisingly,
in
Europe,
where
Germany and France are late converts to
the idea.
Companies
are
rethinking
outsourcing,
rather
than
jettisoning
it.
They
are
dumping
huge long term deals in favour of smaller, less
rigid ones.
The annualized
value
of
“
mega-
relationship
”
worth
$$100m
or
more
a
year
fell
by
62%
this
year
compared
with
last.
Companies
are
forming
relationships
with
several
outsourcers,
5
rather than
putting all their eggs in few baskets.
They are signing shorter contracts,
too. But still, they need to think
harder about what their core business is, and what
is
peripheral.
And
above
all,
newspaper
editors
need
to
say
no
to
the
temptation
to
outsource business columns to cheaper,
hungrier writers.
1.
The
Ford
?
s River Rouge Plant
case is introduced in the first paragraph to
_____.
A.
indicate the prevalence of outsourcing
B.
lament over
the past glory of the plant
C.
explain
Boeing
?
s adoption of a
similar model
D.
expose the weakness of its business
model
2.
Which of the following statements about
outsourcing is correct?
A.
Outsourcing in all markets has
encountered difficulties.
B.
Outsourcing,
if well operated, can help reduce the costs.
C.
Recession is the major cause for less
outsourcing in America.
D.
The
outsourcing boom will go on indefinitely in spite
of problems.
3.
Currently
companies in America have the following concerns
EXCEPT_____.
A.
low quality of subcontracted products
and services
B.
the saturated outsourcing market
C.
drastic
increase of disputes over outsourcing
D.
the necessity
of reforming outsourcing model
4.
Which of the
following solutions is NOT suggested in the
passage?
A.
Develop several outsourcers to reduce
potential risks.
B.
Sign short-
term and flexible contracts with outsourcers.
C.
Rebuild the department to do the job
once outsourced.
D.
Identify businesses appropriate for
outsourcing.
5.
The underlined
word
“
peripheral
”
in paragraph 8 is closest in meaning
to _____.
A.
indispensable
B. temporary
C. essential
D. secondary
Passage Two
Of all the methods
of communication invented by humanity
over the
centuries,
none
has
disseminated
so
much
information
so
widely
at
such
high
speeds
as
the
internet. It is both a
unifying force and a globalizing one. But, its
very ubiquity makes
it a localizing one
too, because it is clearly not the same
everywhere, either in what it
provides
or how it is operated and regulated.
The
smartphone
has
liberated
its
users
from
the
PC
on
his
desk,
granting
him
access on the go not
just to remote computers and long-lost friends on
the other side
of the world but also to
the places around him. If he lives in a city, as
most users do,
then
his
fellow
city-dwellers
and
the
buildings,
cars
and
streets
around
them
are
throwing
off
almost
unimaginable
quantities
of
valuable
data
from
which
he
will
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：小学生必备个英语单词反义词
下一篇：人类学名著